European European ExplorationExploration

The Quest for Gold, The Quest for Gold, Glory and GodGlory and God

Factors that led to Factors that led to ExplorationExploration

Demand for gold, spices, and Demand for gold, spices, and natural resources in Europe.natural resources in Europe.

Support for the diffusion of Support for the diffusion of ChristianityChristianity

Political and economic competition Political and economic competition between European empiresbetween European empires

Innovations in navigational arts Innovations in navigational arts (European and Islamic origins)(European and Islamic origins)

ConstantinopleConstantinople In 1453, the Ottoman Turks captured In 1453, the Ottoman Turks captured

the city of Constantinople.the city of Constantinople. Christian Europe did not want to Christian Europe did not want to

trade with the Muslim Turks.trade with the Muslim Turks. They wanted a new trade route to They wanted a new trade route to

the Far East.the Far East. The maritime nations of western The maritime nations of western

Europe decided to go around Africa Europe decided to go around Africa or sail west to get to the Far Eastor sail west to get to the Far East

Prince Henry the NavigatorPrince Henry the Navigator Founded a school Founded a school

of navigation in of navigation in PortugalPortugal

Sponsored Sponsored Portuguese Portuguese expeditions to expeditions to explore coast of explore coast of AfricaAfrica

NAVIGATIONAL ARTSNAVIGATIONAL ARTS CARAVEL-A multi-CARAVEL-A multi-

sail ship that can sail ship that can sail in different sail in different directions directions regardless of regardless of which way the which way the wind blows. Larger, wind blows. Larger, sturdier than sturdier than previous ships.previous ships.

ASTROLABE-ASTROLABE-(invented by the (invented by the Muslims). Shows Muslims). Shows latitude by position latitude by position of the stars. of the stars.

Navigational ArtsNavigational Arts COMPASS-COMPASS-

(Chinese) (Chinese) Shows Shows direction by direction by always always pointing due pointing due North.North.

Better maps-Better maps-maps began maps began to include to include the western the western hemispherehemisphere

Establishment of overseas Establishment of overseas empiresempires

PortugalPortugal Vasco da GamaVasco da Gama

Explored the Explored the

coast of Africa, coast of Africa,

Cape of Good Cape of Good

Hope, and sailed Hope, and sailed

to Indiato India

Establishment Establishment of overseas of overseas

empiresempires Spain-Spain-

Columbus-Columbus- ““DiscoveredDiscovered

” New ” New WorldWorld

14921492 Cortes-Cortes-

Conquered Conquered AztecsAztecs

Establishment of overseas Establishment of overseas empiresempires Spain-Spain-

Pizarro-Pizarro-ConquereConquered Incasd Incas

Magellan-Magellan-First First expeditioexpedition to sail n to sail around around the worldthe world

Now playing Spanish ExplorersNow playing Spanish ExplorersClick below.Click below.

Establishment of overseas Establishment of overseas empiresempires

England-England- Sir Francis Sir Francis

Drake-Drake-First First explorer to explorer to circumnavigate circumnavigate earthearth

France- France- Jacques Jacques

Cartier-Cartier-Claimed Claimed Canada for Canada for FranceFrance

The Spread of The Spread of ChristianityChristianity

Migration of colonists to new landsMigration of colonists to new lands

Colonists wanted to spread ChristianityColonists wanted to spread Christianity

Catholics and Protestants carried their Catholics and Protestants carried their

faith, language, and cultures to new landsfaith, language, and cultures to new lands

Conversion of indigenous (native) peoplesConversion of indigenous (native) peoples

Wanted to gain religious freedom and Wanted to gain religious freedom and

escape religious persecutionescape religious persecution

The AmericasThe Americas Europeans explored and claimed Europeans explored and claimed

territories in the Americasterritories in the Americas

Europeans emigrated to their country’s Europeans emigrated to their country’s colonial claims in North and South colonial claims in North and South AmericaAmerica

Demise of the Aztec and Inca Empires Demise of the Aztec and Inca Empires (conquered by Spain)(conquered by Spain)

Led to a legacy of a rigid class system Led to a legacy of a rigid class system and dictatorial rule in Latin Americaand dictatorial rule in Latin America

Forced migration of Forced migration of Africans into Africans into slaveryslavery

Establishment of Establishment of plantation systemplantation system

Colonies imitated Colonies imitated culture and social culture and social patterns of their patterns of their parent countryparent country

The The AmericasAmericas

AfricaAfrica Europeans, Europeans, especially especially Portuguese Portuguese established established trading posts trading posts along the coastsalong the coasts

Traded in slaves, Traded in slaves, gold, and other gold, and other productsproducts

Trading posts Trading posts became center of became center of slave tradeslave trade

Africa’s Indian Ocean Africa’s Indian Ocean CoastCoast

Arabs had already established trading postsArabs had already established trading posts Swahili was the common language of tradeSwahili was the common language of trade Intrusion of the Portuguese--established Intrusion of the Portuguese--established

trading poststrading posts Impact on Spain and international tradeImpact on Spain and international trade

Spain wanted the gold, spices, wealth of the Spain wanted the gold, spices, wealth of the Portuguese.Portuguese.

Sent out expeditions to compete with Sent out expeditions to compete with PortuguesePortuguese

AsiaAsia India, the East Indies, and China were India, the East Indies, and China were

colonized first by small groups of colonized first by small groups of merchantsmerchants

More merchants and army followedMore merchants and army followed Portuguese, British and Dutch (Portugal, Portuguese, British and Dutch (Portugal,

England, and Netherlands) established England, and Netherlands) established trading companiestrading companies Dutch East India, British East India CompaniesDutch East India, British East India Companies

Indian textiles influenced the British Indian textiles influenced the British textile industry-cotton, design textile industry-cotton, design