European Exploration and Settlement

European Exploration and European Exploration and SettlementSettlement

IntroductionIntroduction Half a world away from where Native Americans made their homes, Half a world away from where Native Americans made their homes,

Europeans had no knowledge of these people or the land where they lived. Europeans had no knowledge of these people or the land where they lived. When Europeans looked west, they saw only a vast ocean.When Europeans looked west, they saw only a vast ocean. Europeans were far more interested in the lands that lay to the east.Europeans were far more interested in the lands that lay to the east. In the late 1200s, a young man named Marco Polo, traveled through Asia In the late 1200s, a young man named Marco Polo, traveled through Asia

where he spent 17 years in China.where he spent 17 years in China. When he returned in Venice, Italy, people flocked to hear his stories about When he returned in Venice, Italy, people flocked to hear his stories about

“the Indies”, as India and East Asia were known.“the Indies”, as India and East Asia were known. Eventually he wrote about his travels and the many wonders that he saw in Eventually he wrote about his travels and the many wonders that he saw in

China including rich silks, rare spices, gold, jewels, and luxurious palaces.China including rich silks, rare spices, gold, jewels, and luxurious palaces. People in Europe were fascinated by his tales and the riches to the east.People in Europe were fascinated by his tales and the riches to the east. Merchants and traders were eager to find the fastest route to get there.Merchants and traders were eager to find the fastest route to get there. The land route that Polo had taken was long and dangerous. Explorers The land route that Polo had taken was long and dangerous. Explorers

wanted to find a way by sea.wanted to find a way by sea.

Spain Starts an EmpireSpain Starts an Empire One of the people who was inspired One of the people who was inspired

by Marco Polo’s writings was an by Marco Polo’s writings was an Italian seaman named Christopher Italian seaman named Christopher Columbus.Columbus.

After studying maps of the world, After studying maps of the world, Columbus became convinced that Columbus became convinced that the shortest route to the Indies lay the shortest route to the Indies lay to the west, across the Atlantic to the west, across the Atlantic Ocean.Ocean.

Columbus looked for someone who Columbus looked for someone who could pay for the ships and men he could pay for the ships and men he needed to test his idea.needed to test his idea.

Eventually, he was able to convince Eventually, he was able to convince King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain to sponsor a voyage.of Spain to sponsor a voyage.

Finding a New WorldFinding a New World In August 1492, Columbus sailed west with three small ships:In August 1492, Columbus sailed west with three small ships:

– La Nina, La Pinta, La Santa MariaLa Nina, La Pinta, La Santa Maria After more than a month at sea, his sailors raised the cry of After more than a month at sea, his sailors raised the cry of

“Land!”“Land!” The land turned out to be a small island in the Caribbean Sea.The land turned out to be a small island in the Caribbean Sea. Columbus was thrilled. In a letter, he wrote, “I write this to tell Columbus was thrilled. In a letter, he wrote, “I write this to tell

you how in thirty-three days I sailed to the Indies with the fleet you how in thirty-three days I sailed to the Indies with the fleet that the illustrious King and Queen…gave me, where I discovered that the illustrious King and Queen…gave me, where I discovered a great many islands, inhabited by numberless people.”a great many islands, inhabited by numberless people.”

Mistakenly believing that he had reached the Indies, Columbus Mistakenly believing that he had reached the Indies, Columbus called these people Indians.called these people Indians.

A Clash of CulturesA Clash of Cultures

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jOfEAbNiKFMv=jOfEAbNiKFM

Columbus LogColumbus Log

Vocabulary ConnectionVocabulary Connection

Reckoning – a count of something, Reckoning – a count of something, accountingaccounting

Appearance – how something looksAppearance – how something looks Summoned – called someone or Summoned – called someone or

somethingsomething Adequate – enough of somethingAdequate – enough of something Seaman – a man who works at seaSeaman – a man who works at sea Lay-to – to hold a ship still by turning Lay-to – to hold a ship still by turning

it into the windit into the wind

The Columbian ExchangeThe Columbian Exchange

The voyages of Christopher Columbus triggered a great The voyages of Christopher Columbus triggered a great transfer of people, plants, animals, and transfer of people, plants, animals, and diseases diseases back and back and forth across the Atlantic Ocean. This is referred to as “The forth across the Atlantic Ocean. This is referred to as “The Columbian Exchange.”Columbian Exchange.”

This exchange also brought about valuable new crops such This exchange also brought about valuable new crops such as corn and potatoes to Europe.as corn and potatoes to Europe.

These foods greatly improved the diet of the average These foods greatly improved the diet of the average European.European.

Many Europeans also found new opportunities by crossing Many Europeans also found new opportunities by crossing the Atlantic to settle in the Americas.the Atlantic to settle in the Americas.

For Native Americans, however, the exchange went badly.For Native Americans, however, the exchange went badly. The Europeans who came to America brought with them The Europeans who came to America brought with them

germs that caused smallpox and other diseases deadly to germs that caused smallpox and other diseases deadly to the Native Americans.the Native Americans.

Historians estimated that in some areas, 90% of the native Historians estimated that in some areas, 90% of the native population was wiped out by European diseases.population was wiped out by European diseases.

Define SlaveryDefine Slavery

Create a concept mapCreate a concept map

Definition of SlaveryDefinition of Slavery

The treatment of people as property The treatment of people as property for the purpose of forcing them to do for the purpose of forcing them to do labor. People who are denied labor. People who are denied freedom in this way are called slaves freedom in this way are called slaves and are said to be enslaved.and are said to be enslaved.

Slavery comes to AmericaSlavery comes to America

Due to the high death rate in the Due to the high death rate in the Americas, slavery was introduced.Americas, slavery was introduced.

Some of the Spanish settlers in the Some of the Spanish settlers in the Caribbean had started gold mines.Caribbean had started gold mines.

Others raised sugar, a crop of great value Others raised sugar, a crop of great value in Europe.in Europe.

At first settlers used native people for their At first settlers used native people for their labor but due to the high death rate, they labor but due to the high death rate, they were forced to find a new labor force in were forced to find a new labor force in the form of enslaved Africans.the form of enslaved Africans.

SlaverySlavery Slavery had existed around the world since ancient times.Slavery had existed around the world since ancient times. Often people who lost wars were enslaved or treated as the Often people who lost wars were enslaved or treated as the

property of the conquerors.property of the conquerors. By the late 1400s, European explorers in West Africa were By the late 1400s, European explorers in West Africa were

trading guns and other goods for slaves captured by trading guns and other goods for slaves captured by Africans.Africans.

In the 1500s, European slave traders began shipping slaves In the 1500s, European slave traders began shipping slaves to the Caribbean for sale.to the Caribbean for sale.

Over the next three centuries, millions of Africans would be Over the next three centuries, millions of Africans would be carried across the Atlantic in crowded, disease infested carried across the Atlantic in crowded, disease infested ships where they were sold at auction to wealthy land ships where they were sold at auction to wealthy land owners.owners.

Many perished from disease and overwork. Those who Many perished from disease and overwork. Those who survived faced a lifetime of forced labor as slaves.survived faced a lifetime of forced labor as slaves.

Cortes Conquers MexicoCortes Conquers Mexico After Columbus’s voyages , Spain After Columbus’s voyages , Spain

began sending soldiers called began sending soldiers called conquistadorsconquistadors across the Atlantic. across the Atlantic.

Their mission was to conquer a vast Their mission was to conquer a vast empire for Spain.empire for Spain.

In 1519, Hernan Cortes arrived in In 1519, Hernan Cortes arrived in Mexico with horses and 500 soldiers.Mexico with horses and 500 soldiers.

His goal was to conquer the Aztecs.His goal was to conquer the Aztecs. When the Aztecs first saw Cortes, they When the Aztecs first saw Cortes, they

mistakenly believed that he was the mistakenly believed that he was the great Aztec GOD Quetzalcoatl and great Aztec GOD Quetzalcoatl and welcomed him as a hero. They would welcomed him as a hero. They would soonsoon change their minds.change their minds.

Cortes defeats the AztecsCortes defeats the Aztecs

With the help of Indians who With the help of Indians who hated their Aztec rulers, and hated their Aztec rulers, and smallpox which killed large smallpox which killed large numbers of Aztec warriors-----numbers of Aztec warriors-----Cortes conquered Tenochtitlan, Cortes conquered Tenochtitlan, the Aztec capital.the Aztec capital.

The Spaniards pulled the city The Spaniards pulled the city down and used its stones to down and used its stones to build Mexico City, the capital of a build Mexico City, the capital of a new Spanish empire called new Spanish empire called New New SpainSpain..

CortesCortes

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-KlIp-uyOc

So what do you think?So what do you think?

Do you think that Cortes was justified in Do you think that Cortes was justified in his actions? Why?his actions? Why?

Did he do the right thing? Did he do the right thing?

If you could go back in time as Cortes, If you could go back in time as Cortes, what would you do differently? Why?what would you do differently? Why?

Reflect on these question and write your Reflect on these question and write your thoughts in your interactive notebook.thoughts in your interactive notebook.

Another Spanish Another Spanish ConquistadorConquistador

Smallpox also helped another Spaniard to conquer an Smallpox also helped another Spaniard to conquer an empire in South America, Francisco Pizarro.empire in South America, Francisco Pizarro.

In 1532, Pizzaro led an attack on the powerful Inca empire In 1532, Pizzaro led an attack on the powerful Inca empire in present day Peru.in present day Peru.

The smallpox epidemic had already taken its toll on the The smallpox epidemic had already taken its toll on the natives and left the empire heavily divided.natives and left the empire heavily divided.

After capturing the Inca ruler, Athahualpa, he promised to After capturing the Inca ruler, Athahualpa, he promised to release him in exchange for gold. To save their ruler, the release him in exchange for gold. To save their ruler, the Incas filled three rooms with gold and silver treasures but Incas filled three rooms with gold and silver treasures but Pizzaro killed the leader anyway and took over power of the Pizzaro killed the leader anyway and took over power of the empire.empire.

Francisco Pizzarro seizing the Francisco Pizzarro seizing the Incan empireIncan empire

Spanish in the New WorldSpanish in the New World

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The Spanish BorderlandsThe Spanish Borderlands In both Mexico and Peru, conquistadors found In both Mexico and Peru, conquistadors found

gold and silver beyond their wildest dreams.gold and silver beyond their wildest dreams. Hoping for more they pushed north into lands Hoping for more they pushed north into lands

that are now part of the United States.that are now part of the United States. Because these lands were located on the far Because these lands were located on the far

edges of Spain’s North American empire, they edges of Spain’s North American empire, they were known as the Spanish borderlands.were known as the Spanish borderlands.

FloridaFlorida

One of the first Spanish expeditions into North America was One of the first Spanish expeditions into North America was led by a man named Juan Ponce de Leon..led by a man named Juan Ponce de Leon..

He had sailed with Columbus to the Caribbean and made He had sailed with Columbus to the Caribbean and made his fortune by discovering gold on the island of Puerto Rico.his fortune by discovering gold on the island of Puerto Rico.

Despite his wealth and success, he couldn’t stop thinking Despite his wealth and success, he couldn’t stop thinking about Indian rumors of a “fountain of youth”.about Indian rumors of a “fountain of youth”.

Ponce de Leon landed on a sunny peninsula of North Ponce de Leon landed on a sunny peninsula of North America in April 1513. Because he had sighted his lush America in April 1513. Because he had sighted his lush new land on Easter Sunday, he called it La Florida meaning new land on Easter Sunday, he called it La Florida meaning “flowery Easter.”“flowery Easter.”

Eight years later, he returned to Florida with 200 men to Eight years later, he returned to Florida with 200 men to establish a Spanish settlement, or establish a Spanish settlement, or colonycolony..

Instead of finding a fountain of youth, Ponce de Leon died Instead of finding a fountain of youth, Ponce de Leon died from a poisoned arrow in his stomach.from a poisoned arrow in his stomach.

The Seven Cities of CibolaThe Seven Cities of Cibola

Old European taleOld European tale These cities were said to be so fabulously rich These cities were said to be so fabulously rich

that the streets were decorated with gold and that the streets were decorated with gold and jewels.jewels.

The Spanish were convinced that the Seven Cities The Spanish were convinced that the Seven Cities were somewhere in North America.were somewhere in North America.

Explorers first looked for the cities in Florida and Explorers first looked for the cities in Florida and present day Texas.present day Texas.

Later a Spanish priest named Marcos de Niza Later a Spanish priest named Marcos de Niza claimed to have seen the cities in present day claimed to have seen the cities in present day New Mexico, but they were never actually found.New Mexico, but they were never actually found.

The Coronado ExpeditionThe Coronado Expedition

In 1540, a famed conquistador named Francisco In 1540, a famed conquistador named Francisco Vasquez de Coronado set out from Mexico City Vasquez de Coronado set out from Mexico City with a large expedition and de Niza as his guide.with a large expedition and de Niza as his guide.

After traveling for 7000 miles , the expedition After traveling for 7000 miles , the expedition found a Native American pueblo.found a Native American pueblo.

To de Niza, this pueblo looked like a golden city To de Niza, this pueblo looked like a golden city but Vasquez was outraged and sent the priest but Vasquez was outraged and sent the priest home.home.

The Coronado Expedition continued north onto The Coronado Expedition continued north onto the Great Plains before giving up the search for the Great Plains before giving up the search for the golden cities.the golden cities.

Settling the BorderlandsSettling the Borderlands As conquistadors explored new territories, As conquistadors explored new territories,

they claimed the areas for Spain.they claimed the areas for Spain. By 1600, the Spanish borderlands By 1600, the Spanish borderlands

extended west from Florida across present extended west from Florida across present day Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and day Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California.California.

St. AugustineSt. Augustine In 1565, a Spanish Naval officer named Pedro Menendez de Aviles was sent In 1565, a Spanish Naval officer named Pedro Menendez de Aviles was sent

to Florida to protect the borderlands area from French explorers.to Florida to protect the borderlands area from French explorers. He successfully drove the French out of their Florida base and built a fort He successfully drove the French out of their Florida base and built a fort

on the peninsula’s Atlantic coast.on the peninsula’s Atlantic coast. Menendez named the fort Saint Augustine. Over the years, Spanish Menendez named the fort Saint Augustine. Over the years, Spanish

soldiers successfully drove the French and English rivals out of the area.soldiers successfully drove the French and English rivals out of the area. Today, St. Augustine is the oldest permanent settlement founded by Today, St. Augustine is the oldest permanent settlement founded by

Europeans in the United States.Europeans in the United States.

MissionsMissions Missions were established to convert Native Americans to Missions were established to convert Native Americans to

Christianity and increase Spanish control over the land.Christianity and increase Spanish control over the land. They included a church and the farmland on which They included a church and the farmland on which

missionaries produced almost all of what they needed to missionaries produced almost all of what they needed to survive.survive.

Juan de Onate, who made a fortune mining silver in Mexico, Juan de Onate, who made a fortune mining silver in Mexico, led the settlement of New Mexico.led the settlement of New Mexico.

In 1598, Onate brought 400 settlers and 7,000 animals from In 1598, Onate brought 400 settlers and 7,000 animals from Mexico to New Mexico.Mexico to New Mexico.

At first the pueblo Indians welcomed the visitors but the At first the pueblo Indians welcomed the visitors but the Spanish repaid them with cruelty.Spanish repaid them with cruelty.

Indians were made to work as slaves and whipped by priests.Indians were made to work as slaves and whipped by priests. Eventually the Indians revolted and drove the Spanish out of Eventually the Indians revolted and drove the Spanish out of

the land.the land.

The Explorations of Don Juan The Explorations of Don Juan de Onatede Onate

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Impact on Native AmericansImpact on Native Americans

The arrival of Spanish settlers had a great impact The arrival of Spanish settlers had a great impact on the native people of the borderlands.on the native people of the borderlands.– The Pueblo people learned how to use new tools, grow The Pueblo people learned how to use new tools, grow

new foods, and raise sheep for wool.new foods, and raise sheep for wool.– From Florida to California some Natives converted to the From Florida to California some Natives converted to the

Catholic faith.Catholic faith.– Unfortunately, wherever the Spanish settled, they Unfortunately, wherever the Spanish settled, they

brought with them disease to which Native peoples had brought with them disease to which Native peoples had no resistance. Smallpox, measles, and influenza often no resistance. Smallpox, measles, and influenza often wiped out entire villages.wiped out entire villages.

In turn, the Native Americans introduced the In turn, the Native Americans introduced the Spanish to new techniques for growing crops, Spanish to new techniques for growing crops, specifically in the desert soil.specifically in the desert soil.

New World RichesNew World Riches

As Spanish colonies sent ships loaded with As Spanish colonies sent ships loaded with gold and silver home to Spain, all of gold and silver home to Spain, all of Europe watched with envy.Europe watched with envy.

Other nations wanted their share of riches Other nations wanted their share of riches from the New World. But none was strong from the New World. But none was strong enough to challenge Spain’s American enough to challenge Spain’s American empire.empire.

Instead they would seek their fortunes in Instead they would seek their fortunes in areas not yet claimed by Spain.areas not yet claimed by Spain.

New FranceNew France In 1534, France sent Jacques Cartier to In 1534, France sent Jacques Cartier to

explore the Atlantic coastline of North explore the Atlantic coastline of North America. His goal was to find a Northwest America. His goal was to find a Northwest Passage, an all-water route through North Passage, an all-water route through North America to the Pacific Ocean.America to the Pacific Ocean.

Cartier failed to find such a passage, but Cartier failed to find such a passage, but he did claim for France the lad we know he did claim for France the lad we know call Canada.call Canada.

He also found something that was almost He also found something that was almost as valuable as the Spanish gold, beaver as valuable as the Spanish gold, beaver fur.fur.

Beaver hats were a hot fashion item in Beaver hats were a hot fashion item in Europe, and French hat makers were Europe, and French hat makers were willing to pay high prices for beaver pelts.willing to pay high prices for beaver pelts.

Settling New FranceSettling New France The first settlement in New France was founded by Samuel de Champlain.The first settlement in New France was founded by Samuel de Champlain. In 1608, Champlain sailed up the St. Lawrence River and built a trading post he called In 1608, Champlain sailed up the St. Lawrence River and built a trading post he called

Quebec.Quebec. For the next 150 years, Quebec would be a base for French explorers, soldiers, For the next 150 years, Quebec would be a base for French explorers, soldiers,

missionaries, traders, and fur trappers.missionaries, traders, and fur trappers. Fur trappers called themselves coureurs de bois which means “wood rangers” in Fur trappers called themselves coureurs de bois which means “wood rangers” in

French.French. Catholic missionaries followed the trappers seeking converts among the native Catholic missionaries followed the trappers seeking converts among the native

peoples.peoples. New France failed to attract large numbers of settlers not unlike the Spanish New France failed to attract large numbers of settlers not unlike the Spanish

Borderlands.Borderlands. The harsh climate of the area made it difficult for farming. Also the land policies of The harsh climate of the area made it difficult for farming. Also the land policies of

granting only the best river land to French nobles discouraged other citizens from granting only the best river land to French nobles discouraged other citizens from venturing to the new worldventuring to the new world..

The French in the New WorldThe French in the New World



Native American Business Native American Business PartnersPartners

Since the French were more interested in fur than Since the French were more interested in fur than farming, they did not try to conquer the Indians.farming, they did not try to conquer the Indians.

Instead they made them business partners.Instead they made them business partners. Champlain made friends with the nearby tribes Champlain made friends with the nearby tribes

especially the Huronespecially the Huron Not only did they become friendly but also began to Not only did they become friendly but also began to

live among the native people, marry Huron women, live among the native people, marry Huron women, and learn their language. Unfortunately the Native and learn their language. Unfortunately the Native people met the same fate as the southern brothers people met the same fate as the southern brothers and many died of European diseases.and many died of European diseases.

Champlain even joined the Huron in an attack on Champlain even joined the Huron in an attack on neighboring tribes such as the Iroquois. From that neighboring tribes such as the Iroquois. From that day forward the Iroquois would be bitter enemies of day forward the Iroquois would be bitter enemies of the French.the French.

Claiming LouisianaClaiming Louisiana

The search for furs led the French far inland from Quebec.The search for furs led the French far inland from Quebec. In 1673, two explorers, Father Marquette and Louis Joliet, explored the In 1673, two explorers, Father Marquette and Louis Joliet, explored the

great Mississippi River.great Mississippi River. They hoped that this waterway would be the long sought Northwest They hoped that this waterway would be the long sought Northwest

passage.passage. Instead they discovered that the river flowed toward the Gulf of Mexico and Instead they discovered that the river flowed toward the Gulf of Mexico and

not the Pacific Ocean.not the Pacific Ocean. Nine years later Robert de La Salle explored the entire length of the Nine years later Robert de La Salle explored the entire length of the

Mississippi River .Mississippi River . On April 19, 1682, he planted a French flag at the mouth of the river and On April 19, 1682, he planted a French flag at the mouth of the river and

claimed everything west of the Mississippi River for France.claimed everything west of the Mississippi River for France. La Salle named this vast area Louisiana for the French monarch, King Louis La Salle named this vast area Louisiana for the French monarch, King Louis

XIVXIV

Joliet, Marquette, and La Salle Joliet, Marquette, and La Salle Claim New Land for FranceClaim New Land for France



John CabotJohn Cabot Columbus’s voyage inspired John Cabot, an Italian living in Columbus’s voyage inspired John Cabot, an Italian living in

England, to seek his own western route to Asia.England, to seek his own western route to Asia. In 1497, Cabot sailed west across the Atlantic. He landed in In 1497, Cabot sailed west across the Atlantic. He landed in

Newfoundland, an island off the coast of Canada.Newfoundland, an island off the coast of Canada. Like Columbus, he mistakenly thought that he had landed Like Columbus, he mistakenly thought that he had landed

in Asia.in Asia. Later, England would claim all of North America because of Later, England would claim all of North America because of

the flag planted by Cabot in 1497.the flag planted by Cabot in 1497.

The Lost Colony of RoanokeThe Lost Colony of Roanoke Sir Walter Raleigh tried to start a colony on Roanoke Island off the coast of North Sir Walter Raleigh tried to start a colony on Roanoke Island off the coast of North

Carolina.Carolina. Indians on the island welcomed the settlers and gave them traps for catching fish.Indians on the island welcomed the settlers and gave them traps for catching fish. The settlers were more interested in finding gold than fishing. Once their supplies The settlers were more interested in finding gold than fishing. Once their supplies

were low, they quickly became discouraged and returned home to England.were low, they quickly became discouraged and returned home to England. In 1587, Raleigh sent a second group of colonists to the island. Their leader was John In 1587, Raleigh sent a second group of colonists to the island. Their leader was John

White. White. They arrived to late in the season to plant crops so White returned to England for They arrived to late in the season to plant crops so White returned to England for

supplies.supplies. However, his trip was delayed due to fighting between England and Spain.However, his trip was delayed due to fighting between England and Spain. As a result, he did not return for nearly 3 years.As a result, he did not return for nearly 3 years. When he did reach the island, all of the colonists had disappeared.When he did reach the island, all of the colonists had disappeared. Carved on the doorposts was the word “CROATOAN.”Carved on the doorposts was the word “CROATOAN.” To this day, no one knows the meaning of the word or what happened to the lost To this day, no one knows the meaning of the word or what happened to the lost

colonists of Roanoke.colonists of Roanoke.

Jamestown: The First English Jamestown: The First English ColonyColony

In 1607, a group of merchants formed the London Company In 1607, a group of merchants formed the London Company to start a money-making colony in Virginia.to start a money-making colony in Virginia.

The company crammed 144 settlers into three tiny ships The company crammed 144 settlers into three tiny ships and sent them across the Atlantic.and sent them across the Atlantic.

When they reached Virginia, the colonists settled on a When they reached Virginia, the colonists settled on a swampy peninsula they believed could be easily defended swampy peninsula they believed could be easily defended against Native Americans or Spanish ships.against Native Americans or Spanish ships.

They called their new home Jamestown after King James I.They called their new home Jamestown after King James I.

The Jamestown SettlementThe Jamestown Settlement


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PocahontasPocahontas The people of Jamestown lived in constant danger of Indian attacks.The people of Jamestown lived in constant danger of Indian attacks. To end the threat, the English kidnapped Pocahontas and held her hostage for a year.To end the threat, the English kidnapped Pocahontas and held her hostage for a year. During that time, she learned English, adopted the Christian faith, and met her future During that time, she learned English, adopted the Christian faith, and met her future

husband John Rolfe.husband John Rolfe. He had already helped the English colony survive by finding a crop that could be He had already helped the English colony survive by finding a crop that could be

raised in Virginia and sold for a good price in England-----Tobacco. Now he proposed raised in Virginia and sold for a good price in England-----Tobacco. Now he proposed another solution to their problem of constant Indian attacks.another solution to their problem of constant Indian attacks.

He proposed marriage to Chief Powhatan and the Governor of Jamestown between He proposed marriage to Chief Powhatan and the Governor of Jamestown between himself and Pocahontas.himself and Pocahontas.

This union did bring peace .This union did bring peace . In 1616, John Rolfe wrote “Our people yearly plant and reap quietly, and travel in the In 1616, John Rolfe wrote “Our people yearly plant and reap quietly, and travel in the

woods…..as freely and securely……as in England.”woods…..as freely and securely……as in England.”

New Netherland: The Short-New Netherland: The Short-Lived Dutch SettlementLived Dutch Settlement

While John Smith was struggling to save the colony of Jamestown, an English sailor While John Smith was struggling to save the colony of Jamestown, an English sailor named Henry Hudson was exploring the coastline farther north for the Netherlands.named Henry Hudson was exploring the coastline farther north for the Netherlands.

Henry Hudson’s voyage was sponsored by Dutch merchants who hoped to find the Henry Hudson’s voyage was sponsored by Dutch merchants who hoped to find the Northwest passage.Northwest passage.

In 1609, Hudson discovered a deep river full of fish, and thought it might just take In 1609, Hudson discovered a deep river full of fish, and thought it might just take him all the way across the continent. him all the way across the continent.

It didn’t but he claimed the land along its banks for the Netherlands.It didn’t but he claimed the land along its banks for the Netherlands. The river was later named the Hudson in his honor, and the territory he claimed The river was later named the Hudson in his honor, and the territory he claimed

became known as New Netherland.became known as New Netherland. In 1621, Dutch merchants formed the Dutch West India Company to start a colony in In 1621, Dutch merchants formed the Dutch West India Company to start a colony in

America.America. The first colonist built Fort Orange near present day Albany, NY.The first colonist built Fort Orange near present day Albany, NY.

Relations with Native AmericansRelations with Native Americans In 1626, the Dutch West India Company sent Peter Minuit to New In 1626, the Dutch West India Company sent Peter Minuit to New

Netherland as the colony’s Governor.Netherland as the colony’s Governor. Wanting peaceful relations with the Indians, the company told Minuit that Wanting peaceful relations with the Indians, the company told Minuit that

any native peoples on Manhattan Island “must not be expelled with any native peoples on Manhattan Island “must not be expelled with violence or threats but be persuaded with kind words….or should be given violence or threats but be persuaded with kind words….or should be given something.”something.”

Minuit offered the island’s Indians iron pots, beads, and blankets worth Minuit offered the island’s Indians iron pots, beads, and blankets worth about $24 in exchange for their land.about $24 in exchange for their land.

The Native Americans didn’t believe that anyone could own land, as such, The Native Americans didn’t believe that anyone could own land, as such, they laughed at the white men for their foolishness and made the trade.they laughed at the white men for their foolishness and made the trade.

The Iroquois Indians were happy to trade with the Dutch. Since the French The Iroquois Indians were happy to trade with the Dutch. Since the French had made them an enemy due their alliance with the Huron, it made had made them an enemy due their alliance with the Huron, it made perfect since to partner with the Dutch.perfect since to partner with the Dutch.

This alliance restricted French access to the fur rich territory of the Ohio This alliance restricted French access to the fur rich territory of the Ohio Valley.Valley.

Open Response QuestionOpen Response Question

How does the relations between Dutch How does the relations between Dutch settlers differ from that of other settlers differ from that of other European explorers and colonists? European explorers and colonists? (Explain in detail with examples)(Explain in detail with examples)

New AmsterdamNew Amsterdam Eventually the Dutch settlement in Manhattan swelled to over 1,000 Eventually the Dutch settlement in Manhattan swelled to over 1,000

people.people. In 1647, the Dutch West India Company hired Peter Stuyvesant as the In 1647, the Dutch West India Company hired Peter Stuyvesant as the

colony’s new Governor. He held the position for 17 years.colony’s new Governor. He held the position for 17 years. When he arrived, he declared that the settlement would be called New When he arrived, he declared that the settlement would be called New

Amsterdam, after the capital city of the Netherlands.Amsterdam, after the capital city of the Netherlands. During his leadership, he captured a nearby Swedish colony and invited its During his leadership, he captured a nearby Swedish colony and invited its

settlers to live in New Amsterdam.settlers to live in New Amsterdam. By 1660, the colony had nearly 8,000 people, including Europeans from By 1660, the colony had nearly 8,000 people, including Europeans from

many nations as well as enslaved Africans.many nations as well as enslaved Africans. New Amsterdam also provided refuge for Jews trying to seek freedom to New Amsterdam also provided refuge for Jews trying to seek freedom to

follow their religion in peace.follow their religion in peace.

New Netherlands becomes New New Netherlands becomes New YorkYork


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The Land GrabThe Land Grab

Let’s play the land Let’s play the land grab game and see grab game and see how your expedition how your expedition would fair with other would fair with other competing interests.competing interests.

Break into groups and Break into groups and wait for further wait for further instructions.instructions.

European Exploration and Settlement

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