CHAPTER 20APUS HISTORY

European countries would be pleased to see the US break apart

When the South left, they took control of everything they could

April 12, 1861-April 19, 1865

LINCOLN’S INAUGURATION“Preserve the Union…”

“Hold, occupy, and possess…”Physically speaking, we cannot separate”

Lincoln was careful not to offend the border slave statesLower South saw it as a war message

Major Issues?1. National debt?2. What about territories?3. Fugitive slaves?

FT. SUMTEROnly two forts the Union still controlled:1. Ft. Pickens--Pensacola, Florida2. Ft. Sumter--Charleston, South Carolina

Abe Lincoln sent supplies to Ft. SumterThe South firedWar started on April 12th, 1861Ft. Sumter had to surrender to Confederates

Lincoln calls for 75,000 militiamen (volunteers) and so many came they had to turn some away

South saw the call for volunteers as Lincoln waging war of aggression on the Confederacy Four states will secede and leave the Union

Virginia Arkansas Tenn. NC

Montgomery, AL First capital of the Confederacy

Richmond, VA Second capital of the Confederacy

THE BORDER STATESThe Border States included:MissouriDelawareMarylandWest VirginiaKentucky

The mountain area of Virginia didn’t want to be part of the South, so with the help of Lincoln, they seceded from Virginia and created West Virginia

Border States were slave states, but did not secede with the SouthHad a white population more than the ConfederacyLincoln knew he had to have the Border States to win

“I hope to have God on our side, but I must have Kentucky”

“Butternut Region”Composed of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois

Supported slavery , but fought for the North b/c the war was to preserve the Union

Early on Lincoln kept saying he was fighting the war to preserve the Union

CIVIL WAR FAMILIESFamilies were split apart

Example: John Crittenden of KY had two sons, one fought for the Union and the other fought for the Confederacy

SOUTHERN ADVANTAGES1.Fighting a defensive war2.Didn’t have to win3.Fighting for a way of life and self-

determination4.Had the best leaders5.Southerners know how to fight6.Indians tended to be for the South7.Slaves were an advantage and

disadvantage

NORTHERN ADVANTAGES

1.3/4THS OF THE NATIONS WEALTH

2.3/4THS OF THE NATION’S RAILROADS

3.HAD THE NAVY4.HAD THE POPULATION5.HAD IMMIGRANTS6.90% OF ARMY WAS

VOLUNTEERS7.10% OF ARMY WILL BE BLACK8.BEST POLITICAL LEADERS

POWER OF COTTON?South counted on foreign aid from England or France, but didn’t get itLeaders in Europe wanted South to win, but working people wanted North to winNorth stocked up on cotton and Europe started buying from other places

COTTON IS NOT KING!!!

King Cotton was replaced by King Wheat and King Corn b/c of Cyrus McCormick and John Deere

FOREIGN ISSUESTrent AffairUnion ship stopped British ship Trent and removed 2 Confederate diplomats

Lincoln released the diplomats saying “One war at a time”

The AlabamaMost famous ship the South had

Had sunk 64 Union shipsBuilt in EnglandEngland became the “unofficial” naval base of the Confederacy

FOREIGN ISSUESLaird RamsTwo huge ships built by the British for the Confederacy

Charles Francis Adams, grandson of John Adams, found out about this and told them if they sold them and sent them to the Confederacy it would be war

The FrenchWhile the North and South fight the war, France takes over Mexico

Maximillian was killed by a Mexican firing squad

Napoleon III sets up Maximillian on the throne of MexicoAfter the war was over, we tell France to get out of Mexico and they did

LINCOLN VS. DAVIS

LINCOLN AND THE CONSTITUTION?

1.Increased the size of the army without Congressional approval

2.Gave $2 million from Treasury to three private citizens to fight the war

3.Suspended the Writ of Habeas Corpus

4.“Supervised” voting in the Border States

RAISING ARMIESNorthern Army called “Yankees”

Southern Army called “Johnny Rebs”

How did the North raise an Army?1. Volunteers--90%2. Conscription or draft

New York???

How did the South raise an Army?1. Volunteers2. Conscription or draft

“Robbed cradle and grave”

GETTING OUT OF THE ARMY?NORTH?1. Pay out $3002. Find replacement--in

the North they had bounties--paid to serve $1,000

SOUTH?1. Buy your way out2. Hire a substitute3. Slave owners with

20 or more slaves were exempt

“A rich man’s war, but a poor man’s fight”

PAYING FOR THE WARNORTH SOUTH

1.Increased taxes--tried new tax called income tax

2.Printed money--Union money only worth .39 cents

3.Borrowed money

1.Raise taxes2.Print money--

worth 1.6 cents per dollar

FINAL THOUGHTSSouth was devastated by the war--North more prosperous than ever before

Civil War started an economic state called Millionaires. Most millionaires made their money honestly, but some cheated!

“Shoddy Millionaires”

FAMOUS NAMESElias Howe and Isaac Singer’s invention/perfection of sewing machine made clothes for Union soldiers

Dr. Elizabeth BlackwellFirst female doctorHelped soldiers in the North

Clara Barton Most famous nurse in the NorthHelped start the Red Cross

Dorothea DixHelped nurse soldiers in the North

Sally Thompkins

Famous female nurse in the South