European Commission, DG Environment

Slide 1Prague, 25.-26. February 2005 Christof Planitzer DG ENV D.2

Urban Waste Water Urban Waste Water Treatment Treatment DirectiveDirective

Council Directive 91/271/EEC of 21-05-1991, as amended Council Directive 91/271/EEC of 21-05-1991, as amended by Commission Directive 98/15/EC of 27-02-1998by Commission Directive 98/15/EC of 27-02-1998

http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/water

European Commission, DG Environment

Slide 2Prague, 25.-26. February 2005

UWWTDUWWTD

ObjectivesObjectives:: to protect the environment from the to protect the environment from the adverse effects of urban waste water discharges & adverse effects of urban waste water discharges & discharges from waste water from certain industrial discharges from waste water from certain industrial (agro-food) sectors(agro-food) sectors

concernsconcerns the collection, treatment and discharge of the collection, treatment and discharge of urban waste water and treatment & discharge of urban waste water and treatment & discharge of waste water from above industrial sectorswaste water from above industrial sectors

European Commission, DG Environment

Slide 3Prague, 25.-26. February 2005

ObjectivesObjectives

Emission-oriented legislationEmission-oriented legislation

Sewerage and waste water treatment in all agglomerations > 2000 p.e.Sewerage and waste water treatment in all agglomerations > 2000 p.e.

Biological treatment as standard requirementBiological treatment as standard requirement

Additional N and/or P removal in “sensitive areas” Additional N and/or P removal in “sensitive areas”

Provisions for certain industrial discharges to urban waste water collecting Provisions for certain industrial discharges to urban waste water collecting systems and uwwtpssystems and uwwtps

Provisions for certain industrial discharges (from agro-food industry Provisions for certain industrial discharges (from agro-food industry < 4000p.e.) to water bodies < 4000p.e.) to water bodies

Provisions for sustainable disposal of sewerage sludgeProvisions for sustainable disposal of sewerage sludge

Waste water re-use whenever appropriateWaste water re-use whenever appropriate

Transboundary issuesTransboundary issues

European Commission, DG Environment

Slide 4Prague, 25.-26. February 2005

Articles of the directiveArticles of the directive

1. Scope1. Scope 2. Definitions2. Definitions 3. Obligation to provide sewerage 3. Obligation to provide sewerage

systems > 2000 p.e.systems > 2000 p.e. 4. Obligations to provide waste water 4. Obligations to provide waste water

treatment > 2000 p.e.treatment > 2000 p.e. 5. Sensitive areas > 10000 p.e.5. Sensitive areas > 10000 p.e. 6. Less sensitive areas6. Less sensitive areas 7. Waste water treatment < 2000 p.e.7. Waste water treatment < 2000 p.e. 8. Derogation options8. Derogation options 9. Water pollution from/to other MS9. Water pollution from/to other MS 10. Design, construction, operation 10. Design, construction, operation

and maintenance of treatment plantsand maintenance of treatment plants

11. Industrial waste water discharges to 11. Industrial waste water discharges to urban systemsurban systems

12. Permit procedure for plants/ 12. Permit procedure for plants/ dischargesdischarges

13. Industrial waste water discharges to 13. Industrial waste water discharges to waters waters

14. Phasing out of sludge dumping14. Phasing out of sludge dumping15. Monitoring15. Monitoring16. Situation reports by MS16. Situation reports by MS17. Implementation programmes 17. Implementation programmes 18. Committee18. Committee19. Transposition19. Transposition20. Annexes (I, II, III)20. Annexes (I, II, III)

European Commission, DG Environment

Slide 5Prague, 25.-26. February 2005

Sewerage (“collecting systems”)Sewerage (“collecting systems”)

Waste water treatment to be taken into account in design, construction Waste water treatment to be taken into account in design, construction and maintenance of collecting systemsand maintenance of collecting systems

Design, construction and maintenance in accordance with best Design, construction and maintenance in accordance with best technical knowledge and cost-benefit considerations, notably regardingtechnical knowledge and cost-benefit considerations, notably regarding

volume and characteristics of wastewatervolume and characteristics of wastewater prevention leaks in collecting systemsprevention leaks in collecting systems pollution from stormwater overflowspollution from stormwater overflows

DeadlinesDeadlines

1998 (>10000p.e.)1998 (>10000p.e.)

2000 (>15000p.e.2000 (>15000p.e.

2005 (between 2000 and 15000p.e.)2005 (between 2000 and 15000p.e.)

Art.3

31/12/1998 31/12/2000 31/12/200521/05/1991

European Commission, DG Environment

Slide 6Prague, 25.-26. February 2005

Treatment objectivesTreatment objectives

Basically “secondary treatment” (i.e. biological treatment Basically “secondary treatment” (i.e. biological treatment involving organic carbon removal)involving organic carbon removal)

Additional N and P removal (“advanced treatment”) in so-Additional N and P removal (“advanced treatment”) in so-called sensitive areas, i.e. basically water bodies being called sensitive areas, i.e. basically water bodies being eutrophic or tending to be eutrophiceutrophic or tending to be eutrophic

Exceptions possible in so called less-sensitive areas, i.e. Exceptions possible in so called less-sensitive areas, i.e. certain marine areas, and in high mountain areascertain marine areas, and in high mountain areas

Art.4,5,6

European Commission, DG Environment

Slide 7Prague, 25.-26. February 2005

Sensitive areasSensitive areas

Water body (WB) must be identified as a sensitive area if Water body (WB) must be identified as a sensitive area if it falls into one of the following groups:it falls into one of the following groups:

Natural Natural freshwaterfreshwater lakes and other freshwater bodies, estuaries and lakes and other freshwater bodies, estuaries and coastal waterscoastal waters that are eutrophic or which in the near future may that are eutrophic or which in the near future may become eutrophic if protective action is not takenbecome eutrophic if protective action is not taken– For freshwater bodies – removal of P, and for For freshwater bodies – removal of P, and for big agglo. removal of N , . removal of N , unless……

– For estuaries, bays and other coastal waters – removal of P and/or P, For estuaries, bays and other coastal waters – removal of P and/or P, unless……

Surface freshwaters intended for abstraction of Surface freshwaters intended for abstraction of drinking waterdrinking water which which could contain more than 50 mg/l concentration of nitrate (75/440/EEC)could contain more than 50 mg/l concentration of nitrate (75/440/EEC)

Areas where further treatment than secondary is necessary Areas where further treatment than secondary is necessary to fulfil to fulfil Council DirectivesCouncil Directives

Annex II, Art.5

European Commission, DG Environment

Slide 8Prague, 25.-26. February 2005

Secondary treatmentSecondary treatment - NA - NA

Either the concentration or the percentage of reduction shall applyEither the concentration or the percentage of reduction shall apply

24-hours samples (Annex I D)24-hours samples (Annex I D)

Minimum annual number of samples depending on size of treatment plant, plus Minimum annual number of samples depending on size of treatment plant, plus maximum number of non-complying samples (table 3)maximum number of non-complying samples (table 3)

Maximum deviation of single sample 100% (BOD, COD) and 150% (SS)Maximum deviation of single sample 100% (BOD, COD) and 150% (SS)

Deadlines: 2000, 2005Deadlines: 2000, 2005

Concentration Efficiency (% of reduction)

BOD5 25 mg/l 70-90%

COD 125 mg/l 75%

SS (optional) 35 mg/l 90%

Art.4

European Commission, DG Environment

Slide 9Prague, 25.-26. February 2005

Advanced treatmentAdvanced treatment - SA - SA

Either concentration or the percentage of reduction shall apply. One or both Either concentration or the percentage of reduction shall apply. One or both parameters are to be applied depending on local conditionsparameters are to be applied depending on local conditions

Total N = org.N + NHTotal N = org.N + NH33/NH/NH44-N + NO-N + NO22-N + NO-N + NO33-N-N

Annual mean of samples to complyAnnual mean of samples to comply Deadline - 1998Deadline - 1998

Concentration Efficiency (% of reduction) Tot P [10 000 - 100 000] p.e. 2 mg/l 80% > 100 000 p.e. 1 mg/l 80% Tot N

[10 000 - 100 000] p.e. 15 mg/l 70-80% > 100 000 p.e. 10 mg/l 70-80%

Art.5

European Commission, DG Environment

Slide 10Prague, 25.-26. February 2005

Requirements for Requirements for Urban wUrban waste wateraste water treatment plant (UWWTP) treatment plant (UWWTP)

UWWTP built to comply requirements laid down in art.3, 4, 5, 6, 7UWWTP built to comply requirements laid down in art.3, 4, 5, 6, 7

UWWTPs are designed, constructed, operated and maintained to ensure UWWTPs are designed, constructed, operated and maintained to ensure sufficient performance under all normal local climatic conditionssufficient performance under all normal local climatic conditions

When designing UWWTP, seasonal variations of the load shall be taken When designing UWWTP, seasonal variations of the load shall be taken into accountinto account

Art.10

European Commission, DG Environment

Slide 11Prague, 25.-26. February 2005

Industrial waste water: Industrial waste water: discharges to urban waste waterdischarges to urban waste water collecting systems collecting systems

Prior regulation and/or specific authorisationPrior regulation and/or specific authorisation Pre-treatment as is required (Annex I, C)Pre-treatment as is required (Annex I, C)

– to protect health of maintenance personnel in sewerage systems and to protect health of maintenance personnel in sewerage systems and treatment plant treatment plant

– to avoid damage to collecting systems and treatment plantsto avoid damage to collecting systems and treatment plants

– to avoid treatment plant operation and sludge treatment being impededto avoid treatment plant operation and sludge treatment being impeded

– to avoid adverse impacts of discharges to the environment, no impact on to avoid adverse impacts of discharges to the environment, no impact on receiving waters not complying with other Community Directivesreceiving waters not complying with other Community Directives

– to ensure a safe disposal of sewerage sludge in an environmentally to ensure a safe disposal of sewerage sludge in an environmentally acceptable manneracceptable manner

Art. 11Art. 11Annex I CAnnex I C

European Commission, DG Environment

Slide 12Prague, 25.-26. February 2005

Industrial waste water: Industrial waste water: discharges to water bodiesdischarges to water bodies

Applying only to certain industries (agro-food ind.) above a threshold of Applying only to certain industries (agro-food ind.) above a threshold of 4 000 p.e.4 000 p.e.

Subject to prior regulation and/or specific authorisationSubject to prior regulation and/or specific authorisation

Setting of appropriate requirements by Member States in permitsSetting of appropriate requirements by Member States in permits

Comparison of MS’s requirements by the CommissionComparison of MS’s requirements by the Commission

Art.13

European Commission, DG Environment

Slide 13Prague, 25.-26. February 2005

Industrial waste water discharges to Industrial waste water discharges to water bodies: industrial sectorswater bodies: industrial sectors

Milk-processingMilk-processing Fruit and vegetable productsFruit and vegetable products Soft drinksSoft drinks Potato-processingPotato-processing Meat industryMeat industry BreweriesBreweries

Alcohol and alcoholic beverages Alcohol and alcoholic beverages Animal feed from plant productsAnimal feed from plant products Gelatine, glue from hides, skin Gelatine, glue from hides, skin

and bonesand bones Malt-housesMalt-houses Fish-processingFish-processing

Annex III, Art.13

European Commission, DG Environment

Slide 14Prague, 25.-26. February 2005

Directive’s important deadlinesDirective’s important deadlines

31/12/199331/12/1993 – transposition of the directive, implementation programs – transposition of the directive, implementation programs

31/12/199831/12/1998 – SA, more stringent treatment for > 10 000p.e. – SA, more stringent treatment for > 10 000p.e.

–– disposal of sludge to surface waters is phased outdisposal of sludge to surface waters is phased out

31/12/2000 31/12/2000 – NA, secondary treatment for >15 000p.e.– NA, secondary treatment for >15 000p.e.

31/12/2005 – appropriate treatment for < 2 000p.e. (if waste water is collected) – appropriate treatment for < 2 000p.e. (if waste water is collected)

– – collecting systems in place for aggl. between 2 000 and 15 000p.e.collecting systems in place for aggl. between 2 000 and 15 000p.e.

– – secondary treatment in place for all discharges from aggl. between 10 000 and 15 000p.e. and secondary treatment in place for all discharges from aggl. between 10 000 and 15 000p.e. and

– – secondary treatment in place for discharges from aggl. between 2 000 and 10 000p.e. to secondary treatment in place for discharges from aggl. between 2 000 and 10 000p.e. to

fresh-water and estuariesfresh-water and estuaries

Transitional periods for EU-10 – different for each of EU-10! for EU-10 – different for each of EU-10!

Art.19, 17

Art. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

31/12/1998 31/12/2000 31/12/200521/05/1991 31/12/1998 31/12/2015

European Commission, DG Environment

Slide 15Prague, 25.-26. February 2005

Sensitive areas - EU-25Sensitive areas - EU-25

EU-15 EU-10

Entire territory as SA (or applies Art.5(8))

(13+1=14 of 25)

Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Sweden, The Netherlands, Austria, Luxemburg

Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, The Czech Republic, Slovakia

Almost entire territory as SA

Germany -

Parts of territory as SA

(10 of 25)

France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Spain, UK

Hungary, Slovenia, Cyprus

No SA designated

(1 of 25)

- Malta

Art. 5

European Commission, DG Environment

Slide 16Prague, 25.-26. February 2005

Transitional periods for Transitional periods for Czech Republik Czech Republik Art. 3,4,5,11,13,14

Obligations SubjectsFinal deadline of

transitional period (for Art.3,4,5)

Article 11, 13 Industrial Pollution 01 May 2004

Article 14Sustainable disposal of sludge

Sludge disposal to surface waters prohibited01 May 2004

Article 3, 5 18 Agglomeration > 10000 p.e. 01 May 2004

36 Agglomeration > 10000 p.e. 31 December 2006

127 Agglomeration > 10000 p.e. 31 December 2010

Article 4 552 Agglomeration 2000 – 10000 p.e. 31 December 2010

European Commission, DG Environment

Slide 17Prague, 25.-26. February 2005

Thank you for the Thank you for the attentionattention