Europe2_XfrogPlants_EN
description
Transcript of Europe2_XfrogPlants_EN
XfrogPlants | Europe 2
XfrogPlants EUROPE 2
Contents :60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats.
60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders
(with Alpha)(with Alpha)
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XfrogPlants Development:
Tany Heider : Rendering Karin Rudokas : Research and Development
Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation
Peter Fantke : Research and Development
Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler Jan Heuschele : Modeler
Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development Oliver Deussen : Research and Development Stewart McSherry : Product Manager
Notes :
Shape :Origin :Environment :Climate :
Adult
In mixed formations with the European Beech, the Silver Fir used to be the king of the mountain forests of Central-Southern Europe, but the indiscriminate exploi-tation and the climatic changes reduced it’s spaces in favour of faster growing species. Widely used by the Romans to build their ships.
CoolMountain forests
Central and Southern Europe (Alps, Apennines, Carpathians)Narrow conical
Tree, evergreen conifer
Silver Fir XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
35 m
( Abies alba ) 21.
Medium
Young
Silver Fir ( Abies alba )
XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
20 m
6 m
21.
Notes :
Shape :Origin :Environment :Climate :
Adult
The Caucasian Fir, differently from most similar conifers, does keep it’s lowest branches on even when old. This gives it a high decoration value and it’s the reason why it is so often planted in parks and gardens. It’s growth rate is slow. First discovered on the Caucasian moun-tains in the 19th Century.
Cool, coldMountain forests, from 600 to 1,800 m.
Eastern Europe, TurkeyBroad conical
Tree, evergreen conifer
Caucasian Fir XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
25 m
( Abies nordmanniana ) 22.
Medium
Young
Caucasian Fir ( Abies nordmanniana )
XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
19 m
6.5 m
22.
Notes :
Shape :Origin :Environment :Climate :
Adult
In spite of the delicate look, the Silver Birch is one of the most resistant trees. On the mountains it can even grow up to the trees limit. The Shamans of Northern Siberia consider it the Cosmic tree. It is planted for decoration all over the world because of the very elegant shape and colours of bark and leaves.
Cool, coldHumid forests, sub-alpine thickets from 500 to 2,000 m.
Europe (except for Spain), Northern AsiaNarrow weeping
Tree, deciduous broadleaf
Silver Birch XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
24 m
( Betula pendula ) 23.
Medium
Young
Silver Birch ( Betula pendula )
XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
11 m
6.5 m
23.
Notes :
Shape :Origin :Environment :Climate :
Adult
The Sweet Chestnut has been diffused all over Europe by the Romans. It is found in mixed woods (with English and Turkey Oaks, Sea Pine, European Beech). Because of the fruits, it was cultivated since a very ancient age, even before the cereals were. In the Middle Ages, sweet chestnuts were the main food source for the populations of Southern Europe.
Mild, temperateSub-Mediterranean forests, on acidic soil, up to 900 m.
Europe, Northern Africa, Western AsiaBroad columnar
Tree, deciduous broadleaf
Sweet Chestnut XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
30 m
( Castanea sativa ) 24.
Medium
Young
Sweet Chestnut ( Castanea sativa )
XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
11.5 m
4 m
24.
Notes :
Shape :Origin :Environment :Climate :
Adult
Often a shrub, the Hazel Tree grows on deep, fresh calcareous soil. It has been cultivated since the Roman age because of the fruits. In the 19th century the hazelnut paste became a substitute for chocolate. The Hazel tree is considered a symbol of the moon, and for this reason its branches are used by the water diviners.
Temperate, coolHills and mountains underwood, up to 1,700 m.
Europe, South-Western AsiaShrubby, broad columnar
Shrub/Tree, deciduous broadleaf
Hazel Tree XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
5.5 m
( Corylus avellana ) 25.
Medium
Young
Hazel Tree ( Corylus avellana )
XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
3 m
2 m
25.
Notes :
Shape :Origin :Environment :Climate :
Adult
The European Beech is one of Europe’s widest-ranged mountain trees. The slow growth rate, however, is causing it’s progressive replacement with the faster-growing spruce trees. The ground of beech forests is acid because of the very little light passing through. The beech wood can be easily bent, and has balsamic properties.
Cool, coldMountain forests from 600 to 1,700 m. altitude
Europe (from Norway to Sicily)Broad spreading
Tree, deciduous broadleaf
European Beech XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
27 m
( Fagus sylvatica ) 26.
Medium
Young
European Beech ( Fagus sylvatica )
XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
14.5 m
2 m
26.
Notes :
Shape :Origin :Environment :Climate :
Adult
The Holly has a very nice look in winter, with the shiny leaves and the red berries, and for this reason it’s twigs are a popular choice for Christmas decoration. The fruits are poisonous for man but birds like them very much. The heavy wood is appreciated for handicraft work.
Mild, temperateUndergrowth of beach and oak forests
Europe, West AsiaBroad columnar
Tree, evergreen broadleaf
Holly XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
20 m
( Ilex aquifolium ) 27.
Medium
Young
Holly ( Ilex aquifolium )
XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
10.5 m
3 m
27.
Notes :
Shape :Origin :Environment :Climate :
Adult
The Common Juniper can grow easily on arid and rocky soils and for this reason it has been used to consolidate the ground of unstable slopes. It can be found as shrub or tree, and it is highly ornamental. The berries are much appreciated as culinary flavouring. Today in many European regions it is a protected species.
Temperate, coolOpen places on dry rocky slopes, from sea level to 3,000 m.
EuropeNarrow conical
Tree, evergreen conifer
Common Juniper XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
7 m
( Juniperus communis ) 28.
Medium
Young
Common Juniper ( Juniperus communis )
XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
4.5 m
2.5 m
28.
Notes :
Shape :Origin :Environment :Climate :
Adult
The Alpine laburnum is a very decorative shrub or tree, with long, weeping flowers and fruits. It’s flowers are smaller than those of the Common Laburnum (Golden Chain). All parts of the Alpine Laburnum, and especially the seeds, are poisonous.
Cool, coldMountains
Central and Southern Europe (from Alps to Balcans)Broad spreading
Tree, deciduous broadleaf
Alpine Laburnum XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
7.5 m
( Laburnum alpinum ) 29.
Medium Young
Alpine Laburnum ( Laburnum alpinum )
XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
4 m 2.5 m
29.
Notes :
Shape :Origin :Environment :Climate :
Adult
A true mountain tree, the European Larch usually does not grow below 600 m., although it can be damaged by late frost. It is a useful species because it can grow on fire-wasted areas. It needs abundant light and space, and does not like humidity. The excellent wood is highly prized. In Autumn the leaves turn yellow and fall.
Cool, coldMountains, from 600 to 2,500 m., in full sunlight
Central EuropeNarrow conical
Tree, deciduous conifer
European Larch XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
32 m
( Larix decidua ) 30.
Medium
Young
European Larch ( Larix decidua )
XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
19 m
8 m
30.
Notes :
Shape :Origin :Environment :Climate :
Adult
The Medlar can be either a small tree or a shrub. It was very much appreciated by ancient Greeks and Romans because of the fruits. The Medlar was sacred to the god Saturn (Chronos). The fruits become edible only after long exposure to frost.
Mild, temperate, coolForests, mountain thickets
Southeast of Europe, Southwest of AsiaBroad spreading
Tree/Shrub, deciduous broadleaf
Medlar XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
6.5 m
31. ( Mespilus germanica )
Medium
Young
Medlar ( Mespilus germanica )
XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
4 m
2.5 m
31.
Notes :
Shape :Origin :Environment :Climate :
Adult
The Norway Spruce is the traditional Christmas tree for all Europe. It’s the most important European conifer, with a native range from Scandinavia to Siberia to the Alps. The wood is of excellent quality and appreciated for making violins and furniture. In the ancient ages, it was used to prepare pitch, and the bark for tanning hides.
Cool, coldMountain forests up to 2,000 m., on humid soil
Northern and Central Europe (from Norway to the Alps)Narrow conical
Tree, evergreen conifer
Norway Spruce XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
25 m
( Picea abies ) 32.
Medium
Young
Norway Spruce ( Picea abies )
XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
10 m
3.5 m
32.
Notes :
Shape :Origin :Environment :Climate :
Adult
The Serbian spruce could survive the last Glacial era only in one place, the valley of river Drina, where it grasped on the rocky calcareous mountains, as it still does today. It is used for urban decoration in cold cities,because it is resistant to cold, wind, parasites, and pollution. It grows very slowly.
Cool, coldNear rivers, on limestone
Bosnia-Herzegovina, JugoslavijaNarrow conical
Tree, evergreen conifer
Serbian Spruce XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
23.5 m
( Picea omorika ) 33.
Medium
Young
Serbian Spruce ( Picea omorika )
XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
14.5 m
5.5 m
33.
Notes :
Shape :Origin :Environment :Climate :
Adult
This majestic tree can reach a considerable height in it’s native lands of Caucasus. It is also appreciated for urban decoration because of the elegant shape and the fact that it resists well to parasites. The wood has similar qualities to that of Norway Spruce.
Cool, coldMountain forests up to 2,150 m.
Caucasus, Northeast of TurkeyNarrow conical
Tree, evergreen conifer
Oriental Spruce XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
41 m
( Picea orientalis ) 34.
Medium
Young
Oriental Spruce ( Picea orientalis )
XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
20 m
6.5 m
34.
Notes :
Shape :Origin :Environment :Climate :
Adult
This small tree is, after the Mugo Pine, the second highest-altitude growing pine of Europe. It grows very slowly and keeps the lowest, near to ground branches while growing. This characteristics make it appreciated for urban decoration in cold climate cities. The wood is prized for handicraft work. The seeds are edible.
Cool, coldMountains, from 1,500 to 2,400 m.
Europe (Alps, Carpathians), Northern AsiaNarrow columnar
Tree, evergreen conifer
Swiss Stone Pine XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
20 m
( Pinus cembra ) 35.
Medium
Young
Swiss Stone Pine ( Pinus cembra )
XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
10 m
5.5 m
35.
Notes :
Shape :Origin :Environment :Climate :
Adult
The Mugo Pine is easily recognizable because of the prostrate shape, with dense laying branches pointing upwards. Only rarely it grows tree-tall. It plays a very important role in the Alpine ecosystem, because it shelters young trees and trunks of older trees from the freezing winds. It also creates a natural barrier against avalanches.
Cool, coldAlpine slopes and thickets, from 1,500 to 2,700 m.
Europe (Alps)Shrubby, broad spreading
Shrub/Tree, evergreen conifer
Mugo Pine XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
2.5 m
( Pinus mugo ) 36.
Medium
Young
Mugo Pine ( Pinus mugo )
XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
1.5 m
1 m
36.
Notes :
Shape :Origin :Environment :Climate :
Adult
Also known as Scots pine, it is probably the tree with the widest diffusion over Europe, from Spain to Siberia, Scandinavia to Apennines. It is a rustic tree that loves full sunlight and grows even on arid soils. The resin is used to produce turpentine and colophony, a paste that makes ships waterproof. The buds are balsamic.
Cool, coldMountains, on sandy soil
Whole Europe, AsiaBroad spreading
Tree, evergreen conifer
Scotch Pine XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
21 m
( Pinus sylvestris ) 37.
Medium
Young
Scotch Pine ( Pinus sylvestris )
XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
12 m
4 m
37.
Notes :
Shape :Origin :Environment :Climate :
Adult
The Oriental Planetree is the native European planetree. It can reach the age of 500 years. It is very much resis-tant to pollution but it can suffer from some parasites, and for this reason the London Planetree (Platanus acerifolia, a garden crossover) is often preferred for urban decoration.
Mild, temperateMountain forests and riversides, on deep, fertile soil
Southeast of EuropeBroad columnar
Tree, deciduous broadleaf
Oriental Planetree XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
30 m
( Platanus orientalis ) 38.
Medium
Young
Oriental Planetree ( Platanus orientalis )
XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
14 m
5 m
38.
Notes :
Shape :Origin :Environment :Climate :
Adult
The Pyrenean oak has characteristics that are similar to those of other European and Mediterranean oaks. it grows on hills and mountain woods, in pure stands or mixed with other species. It features long leaves and can also be found in a natural weeping variety.
Mild, temperateMountain forests
Southwest of Europe, Northern AfricaBroad columnar
Tree, deciduous broadleaf
Pyrenean Oak XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
20 m
( Quercus pyrenaica ) 39.
Medium
Young
Pyrenean Oak ( Quercus pyrenaica )
XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
9 m
5.5 m
39.
Notes :
Adult
Bloom :Origin :Environment :Climate :
The Latin “aucuparia” is because in the past, the berries of this tree were used as bird lure. Rich in vitamins, they were also medication to cure scurvy. In Scotland and Scandinavia this tree was believed to keep the Devil away, and planted in front of churches and houses. Celtic druids sacred this tree to the goddess Brigid.
Cool, coldAlpine forests, moorland, on moist, acetous soil
Europe, Northern Africa, AsiaMay-June
Tree/Shrub, deciduous broadleaf
European Mountain Ash XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
16 m
( Sorbus aucuparia ) 40.
Medium
Young
European Mountain Ash ( Sorbus aucuparia )
XfrogPlantsE U R O P E 2
8.5 m
4 m
40.