EUROCODE 8, PART 3 AND THE ROMANIAN SEISMIC CODE FOR … · EC8-3 Section 2.1 ≡ EN 1998:3-2005...
Transcript of EUROCODE 8, PART 3 AND THE ROMANIAN SEISMIC CODE FOR … · EC8-3 Section 2.1 ≡ EN 1998:3-2005...
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EUROCODE 8, PART 3 AND THE ROMANIAN EUROCODE 8, PART 3 AND THE ROMANIAN
SEISMIC CODE FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF SEISMIC CODE FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF
EXISTING BUILDINGS, P100EXISTING BUILDINGS, P100--3:3:
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCESSIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES
IOLANDA CRAIFALEANUIOLANDA CRAIFALEANU
European Center for Building RehabilitationEuropean Center for Building RehabilitationNational Institute for Research & Development in Construction, UNational Institute for Research & Development in Construction, Urban Planning &rban Planning &
Sustainable Spatial Development Sustainable Spatial Development ““URBANURBAN--INCERCINCERC””, INCERC Bucharest Branch, INCERC Bucharest Branch
Bucharest, RomaniaBucharest, Romania
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EUROCODE 8, PART 3 AND THE ROMANIAN SEISMIC CODE FOR THE EUROCODE 8, PART 3 AND THE ROMANIAN SEISMIC CODE FOR THE
ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING BUILDINGS, P100ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING BUILDINGS, P100--3:3:
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCESSIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES
�� About ECBRAbout ECBR
�� BackgroundBackground
–– Seismicity and seismic hazard in RomaniaSeismicity and seismic hazard in Romania
–– Vulnerability of existing buildingsVulnerability of existing buildings
–– Seismic assessment and rehabilitation programs: legal framework Seismic assessment and rehabilitation programs: legal framework and and
applicationapplication
�� Regulatory frameworkRegulatory framework
–– Past and present of Romanian regulatory framework concerning seiPast and present of Romanian regulatory framework concerning seismic smic
rehabilitation of existing buildingsrehabilitation of existing buildings
–– Implementation of EN 1998Implementation of EN 1998--3:20053:2005
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EUROCODE 8, PART 3 AND THE ROMANIAN SEISMIC CODE FOR THE EUROCODE 8, PART 3 AND THE ROMANIAN SEISMIC CODE FOR THE
ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING BUILDINGS, P100ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING BUILDINGS, P100--3/20083/2008
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCESSIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES
�� Comparison betweenComparison between EN 1998EN 1998--3:20053:2005 and the Romanian codeand the Romanian code
for the assessment of existing buildings,for the assessment of existing buildings, P100P100--3/20083/2008
plus:plus:
–– RomanianRomanian National National AnnexAnnex to EN 1998to EN 1998--3:20053:2005
–– ComparisonsComparisons withwith U.S. standardsU.S. standards
–– BenchmarkingBenchmarking studystudy
�� ConclusionsConclusions
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ECBR ECBR -- European Center for Building RehabilitationEuropean Center for Building Rehabilitation
•• Technical activities devoted to:Technical activities devoted to:
•• Preparation of regulatory framework for building Preparation of regulatory framework for building
rehabilitation and risk mitigationrehabilitation and risk mitigation
•• Strengthening of building structures damaged by Strengthening of building structures damaged by
earthquakesearthquakes
•• Mitigation of effects of natural disasters, including Mitigation of effects of natural disasters, including
earthquake educationearthquake education
•• Rehabilitation of building envelope and building equipmentRehabilitation of building envelope and building equipment
•• Other activities related to hazard, vulnerability and risk Other activities related to hazard, vulnerability and risk
managementmanagement
•• ECBR benefits from the facilities of INCERC Bucharest Branch labECBR benefits from the facilities of INCERC Bucharest Branch laboratoriesoratories
•• Promotes partnership with specialized institutions, agencies andPromotes partnership with specialized institutions, agencies and authorities authorities
related to building design and building rehabilitation from Romarelated to building design and building rehabilitation from Romania, UE and nia, UE and
worldworld--widewide
•• The establishment of the Center was decided at the 10The establishment of the Center was decided at the 10thth Ministerial Session of Ministerial Session of
EUREUR--OPA Major Hazard Agreement (2003)OPA Major Hazard Agreement (2003)
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Background: Seismicity and seismic hazard in RomaniaBackground: Seismicity and seismic hazard in Romania
VranceaVrancea zonezone –– located at located at
the Carpathian arc bendthe Carpathian arc bend
�� Strong earthquakes that Strong earthquakes that
affect affect Romania, Romania,
Moldova,Moldova, a large part ofa large part of
BulgariaBulgaria and southand south--
westernwestern UkraineUkraine
�� Total area influenced by Total area influenced by
Vrancea earthquakes:Vrancea earthquakes:
300 000 km300 000 km22
�� 25 million people25 million people in affected areas; in affected areas; 2 capitals2 capitals, , 2 2 NPPsNPPs
�� Other important seismogenic zones:Other important seismogenic zones: BanatBanat,, FagarasFagaras
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Background: Seismicity and seismic hazard in RomaniaBackground: Seismicity and seismic hazard in Romania
www.belene.orgwww.belene.org
SvishtovSvishtov, Bulgaria, BulgariaBucharestBucharest March 4, 1977March 4, 1977
(M=7.2)(M=7.2)
SvishtovSvishtov, Bulgaria, Bulgaria
BucharestBucharest
Other strong Vrancea earthquakes that Other strong Vrancea earthquakes that
caused severe damage and live losses, in caused severe damage and live losses, in
Romania and in neighboring countries:Romania and in neighboring countries:
�� November 10, 1940 (M=7.4)November 10, 1940 (M=7.4)
�� August 30, 1986 (M=7.0)August 30, 1986 (M=7.0)
BucharestBucharest
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Background: Vulnerability of existing buildingsBackground: Vulnerability of existing buildings
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Background: Seismic assessment and rehabilitation programsBackground: Seismic assessment and rehabilitation programs
•• In the early 90s, the Romanian government In the early 90s, the Romanian government
initiated a program of seismic assessment of initiated a program of seismic assessment of
buildings at risk, entirely financed from public funds buildings at risk, entirely financed from public funds
(i.e. totally free for owners)(i.e. totally free for owners)
•• In case structural intervention would have been In case structural intervention would have been
necessary, owners would have had to pay onenecessary, owners would have had to pay one--third third
of the cost of seismic rehabilitation, the rest being of the cost of seismic rehabilitation, the rest being
supported by the government and the municipalitysupported by the government and the municipality
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Background: Vulnerability of existing buildingsBackground: Vulnerability of existing buildings
•• However, even though a very large number of However, even though a very large number of
buildings were seismically assessed, only few were buildings were seismically assessed, only few were
also retrofittedalso retrofitted
•• Among the main causes there were:Among the main causes there were:
•• intervention could be performed only with the intervention could be performed only with the
agreement of agreement of allall owners, which was very difficult owners, which was very difficult
to obtain in case of multito obtain in case of multi--apartment buildingsapartment buildings
•• the reluctance of most occupants to leave the the reluctance of most occupants to leave the
building during rehabilitation works, even if building during rehabilitation works, even if
temporary housing was provided by the temporary housing was provided by the
governmentgovernment
•• the concerns about mortgages associated with the concerns about mortgages associated with
loans on a 20loans on a 20--year term, which were needed to year term, which were needed to
cover the amount of rehabilitation cost paid by cover the amount of rehabilitation cost paid by
the ownersthe owners
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Background: Vulnerability of existing buildingsBackground: Vulnerability of existing buildings
•• The Ministry of Public The Ministry of Public
Works and the Works and the
municipalities regularly municipalities regularly
publish the updated lists of publish the updated lists of
seismically assessed seismically assessed
buildings in Bucharest and buildings in Bucharest and
in all counties, with the in all counties, with the
corresponding risk classes corresponding risk classes
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Background: Vulnerability of existing buildingsBackground: Vulnerability of existing buildings
Source: http://www.riscseismic.ro/
Seismically assessed Seismically assessed
buildings in Bucharest buildings in Bucharest
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Romanian regulatory framework for seismic design, Romanian regulatory framework for seismic design,
assessment & rehabilitation of buildingsassessment & rehabilitation of buildings
Romania: Seismic regulation timelineRomania: Seismic regulation timeline
•• 19411941 –– First provisional instructions for the seismic design of buildiFirst provisional instructions for the seismic design of buildingsngs
•• 19451945, , 19581958 –– Instructions and tentative standard for seismic designInstructions and tentative standard for seismic design
•• 19631963 –– First seismic design code; revised in First seismic design code; revised in 19701970 ((P13P13--6363, , P13P13--7070))
•• 19781978 –– Major revision of seismic design code and macrozonation map aftMajor revision of seismic design code and macrozonation map after the er the
MMww=7.4 Vrancea earthquake (=7.4 Vrancea earthquake (P100P100--7878))
•• 19921992 –– Major revision of seismic code and macrozonation map, incorporaMajor revision of seismic code and macrozonation map, incorporating ting
conclusions after the conclusions after the 19861986 (M(Mww=7.1) and =7.1) and 19901990 (M(Mww=6.9 and M=6.9 and Mww=6.4) Vrancea =6.4) Vrancea
earthquakes (earthquakes (P100P100--9292); additions in ); additions in 19961996
�� 2 chapters dedicated to seismic assessment and rehabilitation2 chapters dedicated to seismic assessment and rehabilitation
�� quantitative assessment based on the seismic safety factor quantitative assessment based on the seismic safety factor ““RR””
�� decision of structural intervention decision of structural intervention –– depending on R valuedepending on R value
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Romanian regulatory framework for seismic design, Romanian regulatory framework for seismic design,
assessment & rehabilitation of buildingsassessment & rehabilitation of buildings
Romania: Seismic regulation timeline (continued)Romania: Seismic regulation timeline (continued)
•• 20062006 –– First Romanian seismic code harmonized with EN 1998First Romanian seismic code harmonized with EN 1998--1:2004 (1:2004 (P100P100--
1/20061/2006))
•• ~ 2004~ 2004……2010 2010 –– Translation and adoption of Translation and adoption of EurocodesEurocodes as National Standards as National Standards
((SR ENSR EN); enforcement of National Annexes); enforcement of National Annexes
•• 20092009 –– Enforcement of the Romanian code for the seismic assessment of Enforcement of the Romanian code for the seismic assessment of existing existing
buildings (buildings (P100P100--3/20083/2008))
•• 20132013 –– Commentary and examples for Commentary and examples for P100P100--3/20083/2008
•• January January 20142014 –– Estimated date for the enforcement of the new edition of the Estimated date for the enforcement of the new edition of the
Romanian seismic design code (Romanian seismic design code (P100P100--1/20121/2012))
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Comparative analysis of Romanian, EU and US codesComparative analysis of Romanian, EU and US codes
for the seismic assessment of existing buildingsfor the seismic assessment of existing buildings
Synthetic TableSynthetic Table
Features EN 1998:3-2005
SR EN 1998:3-2005
& NA for Romania
P100-3/2008 - Evaluation ASCE/SEI 31-03 IEBC 2009
Performance-based assessment
YES � State of damage in
the structure - defined based on limit states
� Seismic hazard levels - defined based on the mean recurrence interval (MRI) and on the corresponding probabilities of exceedance
EC8-3 Section 2.1
≡ EN 1998:3-2005
YES � Performance objectives � 3 performance levels for
specified seismic hazard levels
YES YES
Limit states 1. Near Collapse (NC) 2. Significant Damage
(SD) 3. Damage Limitation
(DL)
NA: choice of limit states to be checked: 1. Life Safety
(≡SD renamed)
2. Damage Limitation (DL)
Chosen for similar significance with LS for new buildings
1. Ultimate limit state, ULS (Life safety requirement)
2. Serviceability limit state, SLS (Damage limitation requirement)
Note: For ordinary buildings, check for SLS is not compulsory
1. Life Safety, 3-C 2. Immediate Occupancy,
1-B
1. Life Safety 2. Immediate
Occupancy 3. Collapse Prevention
Distinction between ductile and fragile structural elements
YES + Primary seismic and secondary seismic elements, according to EN 1998-1:2004 EC8-3 clause 2.2.1.6(P)
≡ EN 1998:3-2005
YES YES Deformation/Force-controlled elements ("ductile" / "brittle") + Primary seismic and secondary seismic elements
≡ ASCE/SEI 31-03 & 41-06
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Comparative and benchmarking studies for the Comparative and benchmarking studies for the
evaluation of the Romanian code for seismic evaluation of the Romanian code for seismic
assessment of existing buildingsassessment of existing buildings
•• Analysis on two R/C mediumAnalysis on two R/C medium--rise multistory rise multistory
buildingsbuildings
1.1. framesframes
2.2. shear wallsshear walls
•• P100P100--3/2008, EN 19983/2008, EN 1998--3:2005 & NA,3:2005 & NA,
ASCE 31ASCE 31--03, ASCE 4103, ASCE 41--0606
•• Comparative assessment of seismic safety degrees Comparative assessment of seismic safety degrees
or of equivalent criteria, according to the considered or of equivalent criteria, according to the considered
codescodes
•• Objective: evaluation of code performance, Objective: evaluation of code performance,
suggestions for potential future improvement of the suggestions for potential future improvement of the
Romanian codeRomanian code
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Comparative and benchmarking studies for the Comparative and benchmarking studies for the
evaluation of the Romanian code for seismic evaluation of the Romanian code for seismic
assessment of existing buildingsassessment of existing buildings
•• Buildings chosen for poor seismic performance: postBuildings chosen for poor seismic performance: post--
elastic incursions in most structural elements, damage elastic incursions in most structural elements, damage
in 1in 1stst floor columns, story mechanisms in upper levelsfloor columns, story mechanisms in upper levels
P100P100--3:20083:2008•• The assessment by the 1The assessment by the 1stst, 2, 2ndnd and 3and 3rdrd level level
methods resulted in a degree of seismic structural methods resulted in a degree of seismic structural
safety of min. 0.52safety of min. 0.52……0.58 (0.58 (RsIIRsII))
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Comparative and benchmarking studies for the Comparative and benchmarking studies for the
evaluation of the Romanian code for seismic evaluation of the Romanian code for seismic
assessment of existing buildingsassessment of existing buildings
EN 1998EN 1998--3:2005 & NA3:2005 & NA
•• Overall verification in terms of displacement, based Overall verification in terms of displacement, based
on nonlinear static analysis: results close to those on nonlinear static analysis: results close to those
obtained acc. to P100obtained acc. to P100--3/20083/2008
•• Overall verificationOverall verification in terms of displacement, based in terms of displacement, based
on nonlinear static analysis: slightly more severe on nonlinear static analysis: slightly more severe
results, without modifying general conclusions on results, without modifying general conclusions on
building statebuilding state
•• Verification based on nonlinear dynamic analysis: due Verification based on nonlinear dynamic analysis: due
to the different formulas used to evaluate plastic to the different formulas used to evaluate plastic
rotation, results less severe than P100rotation, results less severe than P100--3 were 3 were
obtained; however, differences were smallobtained; however, differences were small
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Comparative and benchmarking studies for the Comparative and benchmarking studies for the
evaluation of the Romanian code for seismic evaluation of the Romanian code for seismic
assessment of existing buildingsassessment of existing buildings
ASCE/SEI 31ASCE/SEI 31--0303
•• Less severe or qualitatively similar results as Less severe or qualitatively similar results as
compared to EN & P100compared to EN & P100
•• Inelastic displacements smaller than for EN & P100Inelastic displacements smaller than for EN & P100
•• Significant differences concerning verification Significant differences concerning verification
criteria criteria –– qualitative comparisonsqualitative comparisons
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Comparative and benchmarking studies for the Comparative and benchmarking studies for the
evaluation of the Romanian code for seismic evaluation of the Romanian code for seismic
assessment of existing buildingsassessment of existing buildings
ASCE/SEI 41ASCE/SEI 41--0606
•• Strength demands for linear analysis are greater than Strength demands for linear analysis are greater than
those corresponding to EN & P100those corresponding to EN & P100
•• Displacement demands for nonlinear analysis are Displacement demands for nonlinear analysis are
smaller, as compared to EN & P100 smaller, as compared to EN & P100 –– different different
calibration of displacement amplification factors in the calibration of displacement amplification factors in the
US standard, for the US standard, for the analysedanalysed casecase
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Comparative and benchmarking studies for the Comparative and benchmarking studies for the
evaluation of the Romanian code for seismic evaluation of the Romanian code for seismic
assessment of existing buildingsassessment of existing buildings
Conclusions of the studyConclusions of the study
•• Quantitative differences between evaluations performed Quantitative differences between evaluations performed
according to considered codesaccording to considered codes
•• General conclusions concerning building state General conclusions concerning building state –– quite quite
similarsimilar
•• Largest differences Largest differences –– those among Romanian & those among Romanian &
European codes, on one part, and U.S. codes, on the European codes, on one part, and U.S. codes, on the
other partother part
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Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!