EURECA Training

Target Audience: Procurement/DC/Legal/CSR/Environment

Introduction & Background

Introduction & Background

Climate Change & Energy

Climate Change

• Greenhouse Gases

• Change in Weather patterns

• Sea Level Rise

• Increase in Frequency of catastrophic weather events

• Cyclones/Typhoons/Hurricanes

• Flooding

• Heat Waves

Energy

• Decommissioning of Plant

• Transition to Renewables

• $, €, £, R- Money

• Reliability of Renewables

• Political Inertia

• Carbon Taxes

The Greenhouse GasesThe Gases DGWP* for 100 year horizon#

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 1

Methane (CH4) 25

Nitrous Oxide (N2O) 298

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFC’s) 100-14,800 depending on gas

Perfluorocarbons (PFC’s) 7390-12,200 depending on gas

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) 22,800

Ref: P27, “Climate Change, From science to sustainability”. Peake & Smith 2003, Oxford University Press/Open University

*Direct Global Warming Potential

# The choice of the 100 year timescale is arbitrary, but is generally chosen to avoid problems using shorter or longer timescales for comparison.

The “Hockey Stick” Graph

Latest Aggregated Data Sets

Environmental topicsbeyond Climate change

• Audience Participation

• 1. Are there environmental issues associated with ICT use?

• 2. If so, what are they (choose 3) ?

• 3. Who is responsible for mitigation/adaption measures ?

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Environmental Topics

Environmental topics... and Impact Assessment categories (robust and relevant for DC in bold)

Agriculture, open pit

mining, roads...Duration and kind of changing the unspoiled nature by humansLand use

HMs, acids.....Emissions in soil, air and water; disturbing the biocoenosis of

flora and fauna

Potential toxicity damage to aquatic and terrestrial

ecosystems (AETP / TEPT)

HMs, dioxinsEmissions into soil, air and water; harmful to health and

genomePotential toxicity damage to human beings (HTP)

CHn, Nox, ...Emissions into air; generating ozone near the groundPhotochemical Oxidant Creation Potential (POCP)

P and N comp.Eutrophication of waterbodies and soilsEutrophication Potential to land, freshwater, sea (EP)

NOx, SO2.....Emissions into air; causing an acidification of rainAcidification Potential (AP)

CFC, .....Emissions into air; depleting the tropospheric ozone layerOzone Depletion Potential (ODP)

CO2, CH4.....Emissions into air; influencing the earth‘s heat balanceClimate change / Global Warming Potential (GWP)

Net water abstractionNon sustainable consumption of water resourcesWater scarcity

Impact category Short description Examples

Crude oil, copper ore...Non sustainable consumption of fossile fuels, ores, mineralsMaterial and energy resource depletion

C-14, I-131, ......Emissions to air, water and soil of radioactive substancesIonising radiation

PM2.5, SOx, ...Emissions to air of fine particulate matter and of substances

that form particles after emissionsParticulate matter / respiratory inorganics

From emissions and resource extractions to Areas of Protection

Itsubo, modified

Inventory items

CFC

Mandatory

Characterization Normalization Area of protection

Weighting

Optional

Ozone layer depletion

Human toxicity

Ecotoxicity

Summer smog

Global warming

Acidification

Eutrophication

Resource consumption

Land use

Classification

Cd

Pb

Dust

VOC

CO2

SO2

NOx

POil

Land

Human health

Ecosystem

Resources

Singleindex

Ozone layer depletion

Human toxicity

Ecotoxicity

Summer smog

Global warming

Acidification

Eutrophication

Resource consumption

Land use

Weighting or Model

…

Environmental topicsPrimary energy demand is only one indicator ...

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This graphic shows the primary energy values per 1 kg of material for a wide range of chemicals. The graphic serves firstly to show that substances differ considerably in the energy intensity of the production chains.

Secondly, energy is not telling full story (as examples shown on next slides indicate)

Environmental topics... but for others the situation is often very different --> consider all relevant topics

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Environmental topicsStratospheric ozone depletion, Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP)

CFCNitrogen oxides

Stratosphere15 - 50 km Absorption Absorption

UV - radiationIn kg R11 equivalents

Environmental topicsAcidification, Acidification Potential (AP)

In kg SO2 equivalents

SO2

NOX

H2SO44

HNO3

Environmental topicsEutrophication of land, freshwater, and seawater; Eutrophication Potential (EP)

In kg PO4 equivalents

Sewage

Transport and deposition to soil and water

Fertilisation

PO 4-3 NO 3

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NH3

NOX

Environmental topicsPhotochemical Ozone (or: Oxidant) Creation Potential (POCP), „summer smog“

In kg C2H4 equivalents

HydrocarbonsNitrogen oxides

Dry and warmclimate

Hydrocarbons

Nitrogen oxides

Ozone

Environmental topicsParticulate matter / Respiratory Inorganics

In kg C2H4 equivalents

Particles

Sulphur dioxide

Dryweather Ammonia, particlesFine particles

PM2.5

-

Environmental topicsWater scarcity (net water abstraction in relation to water availability)

In m3 water equivalent

Evaporatioon (e.g. chillers, power plant cooling)

-

Water steam

Evapotranspiration from field and forest

Water steam

Water from/to groundwater, surface water Water from/to groundwater, surface water

Water scarcity

EU Energy Data

39%

20%

22%

14%

5%

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EU 28 Gross Inland Consumption (Energy Mix (%) Primary Products Only

Petroluem & Products

Gases

Solid Fuels

Nuclear Heat

Renewables

Waste - Non Recyclable

EU Energy DataElectricity – Installed Electricity Capacity

MW 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2015

DE 116 226 118 884 128 612 162 698 177 291 186 117

NL 19 034 21 062 21 800 26 686 29 920 30 532

FR 107 616 114 665 115 925 124 531 129 347 130 112

UK 70 125 78 393 82 378 93 658 94 623 91 522

EU Energy DataElectricity – Installed Electricity Capacity (By Fuel)

MW (2013) InstalledCapacity

Combustible Fuels

Hydro Nuclear Wind Solar PV Other

DE 186 117 91 368 11 240 12 068 34 660 36 335 446

NL 30 532 26 520 37 485 2 713 739 38

FR 130 112 27 200 25 443 63 130 8 202 4 625 1 512

UK 91 522 63 187 4 437 9 906 11 209 2 780 3

EU Energy DataGross Electrical Generation

TWh 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013

DE 537.28 576.54 622.58 632.98 629.81 633.16

NL 80.93 89.63 100.22 118.14 102.51 100.88

FR 494.27 539.98 576.23 569.25 565.77 572.52

UK 334.04 377.07 398.36 381.71 363.41 359.15

EU 202020

• The 2020 package is a set of binding legislation to ensure the EU meets its climate and energy targets for the year 2020.

• The package sets three key targets:

• 20% cut in greenhouse gas emissions (from 1990 levels)

• 20% of EU energy from renewables

• 20% improvement in energy efficiency

• The targets were set by EU leaders in 2007 and enacted in legislation in 2009. They are also headline targets of the Europe 2020 strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth.

• The EU is taking action in several areas to meet the targets.

EU 2030

• The 2030 climate and energy framework sets three key targets for the year 2030:

• At least 40% cuts in greenhouse gas emissions (from 1990 levels)

• At least 27% share for renewable energy

• At least 27% improvement in energy efficiency

• The framework was adopted by EU leaders in October 2014. It builds on the 2020 climate and energy package.

• It is also in line with the longer term perspective set out in the Roadmap for moving to a competitive low carbon economy in 2050, the Energy Roadmap 2050 and the Transport White Paper.

Lets Discuss….

Class Exercise

Climate Change

• Potential Impacts

• Solutions.

Energy Problems

• Potential Impacts

• Solutions

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