EURASIAN WATER CONFERENCE3rd ASEM Seminar on Urban Water Management

Urban development – water management13-14 September 2018 Budapest

Mr. Géza CSÖRNYEI, Budapest Waterworks, Hungary

www.asemwaterbudapest2018.hu

Summary

• Nowadays: about 50% of the population lives in urban areas.By 2030: the world’s urban population will increase to almost 5 billion.

• At the beginning of the last century: only 11 megacities in the world with populations of >1 million each. By 2030: more than 500 megacities in the world with populations of >1 million each.

• By 2030: without significant investment to improve the resilience of cities around the world, climate change could effect around 77 million urban residents dramatically.

• The resilience of cities is unimaginable without water management.

www.asemwaterbudapest2018.hu

Key issues and trends

• Rapid urban population growth

• Rise of megacities

• High urban poverty level

• Inadequate basic services

• Environmental degradation

www.asemwaterbudapest2018.hu

Key challenges

• Sustaining urban areas as engines of growth

• Managing urban growth

• Bridging supply and demand gap on infrastructure services

• Strengthening urban management capacity

• Decentralizing urban administration

• Responding to globalization

Key approaches in addressing urban issues and challenges

• Stakeholder partnerships

• Formulation of city development strategies

• Inter-local cooperation

• Cities as ecosystems

• City leaders as economic managers

Climate change• Europe:

– inequality in access to water is not only visible between countries and regions, but also between urban and rural areas and within certain cities,

– it can open the way before new development opportunities, for example the green economy and the production of renewable energy.

• Asia:– may threaten the sustainability of water use in urban centers by

reducing water avaliability and quality from surface andgroundwater sources,

– water demand for household and industrial use maysimultaneously increase as temperature rise.

www.asemwaterbudapest2018.hu

Effects of the climate change in 2018 – Heat, drought

• Japan, Asia (07/2018)• Austria, Europe (07/2018)• Germany, Europe (08/2018)• Norway, Europe (07/2018)• Australia (08/2018)

www.asemwaterbudapest2018.hu

Effects of the climate change in 2018 – Forest fires

• Greece, Europe (07/2018)• California, America (08/2018)• Portugal, Europe (08/2018)• Spain, Europe (08/2018)• Sweden, Europe (07/2018)

Effects of the climate change in 2018 – Floods

• Romania, Europe (06/2018)• Athens, Greece, Europe (07/2018)• India, Asia (08/2018)• Indonesia, Asia (02/2018)

CitiesCities in the world by population numbering, 2015

• Asia:– cities are growing rapidly, anothet 1.1 billion people will live in the region’s cities in the

next 20 years,– cities offer young people with higher levels of education greater opportunities to

integrate into urban life than they do for the less educated,– in many places, cities will merge together to create urban settlements on a scale never

seen before,– „liviable cities” will be fostered through support for infrastrure.

• Europe:– the age structure of cities is younger than the national averages and is predicted that

aging is much slower,– cities are mostly middle-sized settlements (250.000 to 5.000.000 people),– cities differ from urban settlements in other parts of the world.

Source: http://www.geopolitika.hu – Jelentés az európai városok helyzetéről, 2016http://www.abd.org – Cities and Urbanization in Asia, 2018

www.asemwaterbudapest2018.hu

Source: http://www.geopolitika.hu – Jelentés az európai városok helyzetéről, 2016

Increase of the urban population

• The most populated areas of our planet: the developed world (Europe, North America, Australia, New Zealand, Japan) + Latin America and the Caribbean,

• In these regions and countries, the urbanization rate (iethe proportion of urban population in total population) is above average 78%,

• In the developing world (Africa, Asia), the urbanization rate has not yet exceeded the 50%,

• A decisive proportion of urban population growth - 94% -is projected to be realized in the developing world.

Source: http://www.geopolitika.hu – A városok jövője

www.asemwaterbudapest2018.hu

The evolution of the population of the continent's urban population(1950-2050)

Source: http://www.geopolitika.hu – A városok jövője

Urbanization• Europe has a high urbanization rate: currently 74%• In terms of absolute population, one of the continents is Asia, where urban population is already more

than 2 billion• By the middle of the century more than half of our urban population will live in urban areas of Asia• By 2030, more than 55 % of the population of Asia will be urban• Metropolis: > 10,000,000 inhabitants, City: 5-10,000,000 inhabitants

Sources:http://www.geopolitika.hu – A városok jövője http://www.abd.org – Cities and Urbanization in Asia

www.asemwaterbudapest2018.hu

China India

2014 2030 2014 2030

6 metropolis: Sencsen, Tiencsin, Csungking,

Kanton, Sanghaj, Peking

+ 1 metropolis: (Csengtu) 3 metropolis: Delhi, Mumbai, Kalkutta

+ 4 metropolis: Csennai, Bengaluru, Haidarábád,

Amadábád

10 city + 6 city

Outside these two countries, there were 7 metropolis in Asia and 11 cities in 2014.

Population distribution on the basis of urbanization ratio by region, 2015

Source: http://www.geopolitika.hu – Jelentés az európai városok helyzetéről, 2016

www.asemwaterbudapest2018.hu

Urbanization levels and economic developmentUrban and total population growth, ECA versus the World

Integrated Urban Water Management (IUWM)

• promises a better approach than he current system, • estimate current and future demands, and anticipate the effects of climate change,• it also recognises that different kinds of water can be used for different purposes,• for countries with limited ability to invest in water infrastructure, appropriate policies

and well-functioning institutions make fundraising easier .

Source: http://www.gwp.org – Integrated Urban Water Management

www.asemwaterbudapest2018.hu

Integrated Urban Water Management (IUWM)Offers a set of principles that underpin better coordinated, responsive and sustainable resource management practice:• it recognises alternative water sources,• it differentiates the qualities and potential uses of water sources,• it views water storage, distribution, treatment, recycling, and disposal an

part of the same resource management cycle ,• is seeks to protect, converse and exploit water at its source,• it accounts for non-urban users that are dependent on the same water

source,• it recognises the relationships among water resources, land use and energy,• it simultaneously pursues economic efficiency, social equity and

environmental sustainability,• in encourages participation by all stakeholders.

Source: http://www.gwp.org – Integrated Urban Water Management

www.asemwaterbudapest2018.hu

IUWM management approaches and tools

• there is no one-site-fits- all IUWM model, rather, each contextwill demand a different mix of management approaches

– water reclamation and reuse,

– stormwater management,

– rainwater harvesting,

– ’green infrastructure’,

– payment for ecosystem services (PES),

– efficient water use.Source: http://www.gwp.org – Integrated Urban Water Management

www.asemwaterbudapest2018.hu

IUWM economic and financial instruments

• Functional responsibility for water services - local government.• Financial strategies, including fiscal transfers and cross-subsidies,

should be deployed in order to tackle resource depletion and inequality.

• The cost-recovery potential of commercial service providers – low average incomes among user groups.

• Successful microfinance, output-based aid and loan-financed ap-proaches may be adopted as core strategies particularly in the sanitation sector.

• Development of cities generates the multiplication of tasks to be solved.

Source: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org – Effective Models of Relisilient and Integrated Urban Water Management

www.asemwaterbudapest2018.hu