Euglenoids Domain Eukarya Kingdom Protista Phylum Euglenophyta/zoa.
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Transcript of Euglenoids Domain Eukarya Kingdom Protista Phylum Euglenophyta/zoa.
Euglenoids
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Protista
Phylum Euglenophyta/zoa
Looking Back at Bio 115The Organism as a Unit of Life
Cellular Structure (cell = unit of life)…one or many!
Metabolism = Homeostasis (PSN, Resp, N2fix, ferment, etc.)
Growth = irreversible change in size
Reproduction…failure = extinction
Acclimatization-short term responses = behavior
Adaptation-long term responses = evolution
Shifting Kingdoms2 3 5 6 8
Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria
Archaebacteria Archaebacteria Archaebacteria Archaebacteria Archaebacteria
Archezoans Archezoans Archezoans Archezoans Archezoans
Euglenoids Euglenoids Euglenoids Euglenoids Euglenoids
Chrysophytes Chrysophytes Chrysophytes Chrysophytes Chrysophytes
Green Algae Green Algae Green Algae Green Algae Green Algae
Brown Algae Brown Algae Brown Algae Brown Algae Brown Algae
Red algae Red algae Red algae Red algae Red algae
Slime Molds Slime Molds Slime Molds Slime Molds Slime Molds
True Fungi True Fungi True Fungi True Fungi True Fungi
Bryophytes Bryophytes Bryophytes Bryophytes Bryophytes
Tracheophytes Tracheophytes Tracheophytes Tracheophytes Tracheophytes
Protozoans Protozoans Protozoans Protozoans Protozoans
Myxozoans Myxozoans Myxozoans Myxozoans Myxozoans
Multicellular Animals
Multicellular Animals
Multicellular Animals
Multicellular Animals
Multicellular Animals
Lumpers SplittersPlantae Protista
How Many Kingdoms?
Mul
ticell
ular
Animals
Myx
ozoa
ns
Proto
zoan
s
Trache
ophy
tes
Bryop
hytes
True F
ungi
Slime M
olds
Red al
gae
Brown A
lgae
Green A
lgae
Chrys
ophy
tes
Euglen
oids
Archez
oans
Archae
bacte
ria
Bacter
ia
Original Cell
Extant
Extinct
Long Time with
Prokaryotes only
8
5
3
2
1
Euglenozoa
• Flagellated protists which can be photosynthetic
• Odd features Protein pellicle instead of cell wall
Odd mitochondria (discoid cristae)
Chromosomes condensed during interphase
• 400 species (many more likely unknown parasites!)
• Two sub-phyla:1. Kinetoplasta (Trypanosoma gambiense) sleeping sickness2. Euglenoida (Euglena) photosynthetic, chlorophyll a,b, paramylum
http://cal.vet.upenn.edu/paraav/images/10-16.jpg
Trypanosoma gambienseBlood-borne parasite
Flagellated undulating cell
Chemical agent causes African sleeping sickness
Vectored by Tsetse fly between alternate hostsNucleus Flagellum
http://niah.naro.affrc.go.jp/disease/fact/image/trypanosoma.jpg
http://www.ac-rennes.fr/pedagogie/svt/photo/microalg/euglena.jpg
Euglena gracilis
Nucleus
Eyespot
Anterior invaginationWith internal short flagellumLong flagellum rooted here also (not shown)
Paramylon grainChloroplasts
Protein pellicle(striations)
Posterior extension
Contractile vacuole
PyrenoidMitochondrion
http
://b
io.r
utge
rs.e
du/e
ugle
na/
How Many Kingdoms?
Mul
ticell
ular
Animals
Myx
ozoa
ns
Proto
zoan
s
Trache
ophy
tes
Bryop
hytes
True F
ungi
Slime M
olds
Red al
gae
Brown A
lgae
Green A
lgae
Chrys
ophy
tes
Euglen
oids
Archez
oans
Archae
bacte
ria
Bacter
ia
Original Cell
Extant
Extinct
Cyanobacterium endosymbiosis
Eukaryotes ARE Chim
eras!
Eubacteriumendosymbiosis
http
://b
io.r
utge
rs.e
du/e
ugle
na/
Though sketched here as single events, these endosymbioses were very likely multiple events!
Chlorophytealgal
endosymbiosis
For euglenoids, the chloroplast is a secondary endosymbiosis.
Euglenoid mitochondria
are unique!
Scarcodine and Actinopod Protozoans
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Protista
Phylum Sarcodina
http
://w
ww
.mic
rosc
opy-
uk.o
rg.u
k/m
ag/i
mag
smal
l/am
oeba
feed
ing3
.jpg
Pseudopodia
Contractile vacuole
Nucleus
Food vacuoles
Mitochondria
Amoeba proteusA freshwater amoeboid protistEngulfing a Staurastrum green alga
http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/deepeast01/logs/sep24/media/Foram_600.jpg
The pseudopodia assist in locomotion and phagocytosis, but they also secrete proteolytic enzymes to digest particles outside the cell.
Marine relatives, the foraminifera, secrete calcareous shells,
contributing to reefs and sands.
Freshwater amoeboid protist
Chitinous testHyaline connections to the cellFood vacuoles obviousSome have two or more nucleiPseudopodia protrude from the testFeeding here upon green algae
Arcella gibbosa
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/micropolitan/fresh/protozoa/arcella.jpg
http://plaza.ufl.edu/mrosenme/livingforam.jpg
A living foraminiferan demonstrates its many and delicate pseudopodia
In addition to capturing food items, the foram also receives nutrients from its endosymbionts
Orbulina universa, or Globigerina bulloides
Actinosphaerium eichhorni
It is related to many radiolarians which are known only from their
tests fossilized in silicate deposits.
This organism is an actinopod.
Its axipods are stiff projections rather than delicate pseudopodia.
The axipods are stiffened primarily by silicates taken from the water.
http://home.t-online.de/home/ghstanjek/hmic6.jpg
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/micro/gallery/radiolarians/largeradiohoff.jpg