Eugenics and Genocide in the Modern World, part 2 by Dr Romesh Arya Chakravarti (MD)

8/19/2019 Eugenics and Genocide in the Modern World, part 2 by Dr Romesh Arya Chakravarti (MD)

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+a#dy5 teb cn#cbnaus cnedmctdnts aj tecs wbditey ndtcan sujjbr5 cn hantrdst5

jraf dn dppdiicn stdtb aj ebdite5 wcte d icjb b>pbhtdnhy dmaut ; ybdrs ibss

tedn teb dvbrdb aj teb 3duhdscdn papuidtcan aj ,ustrdicd. +eb ciinbssbs tedt

,marccndi pbapib drb #ycn jraf cnhiu#b bdsciy hurdmib mdhtbrcdi cnjbhtcaus

#csbdsbs5 cnjbhtcaus #cdrreabd5 dn# fdinutrctcan cn d pdttbrn aj #csbdsb

haffan cn paar ndtcans. +eb ,marccndi papuidtcan aj ,ustrdicd cs disa

sumHbht ta d ece cnhc#bnhb aj #cdmbtbs fbiictus dn# eypbrtbnscan5 mate aj

weche prb#cspasb ta ebdrt #csbdsb dn# lc#nby #dfdb. +ebsb idttbr

han#ctcans drb disa cnhrbdscniy haffan cn teb #bshbn#dnts aj ,jrchdn

sidvbs cn arte ,fbrchd. Mbhdusb bnbtch rbidtcvbs stcii icvcn cn ,jrchd #a

nat sujjbr jraf hafpdrdmib rdtbs aj eypbrtbnscan dn# #cdmbtbs ds tebcr

rbidtcvbs wea wbrb tdlbn ta ,fbrchd5 ct cs hibdr tedt bnvcranfbntdi jdhtars

!'



14/475


(cnhiu#cn #cbtdry jdhtars dn# psyheaiachdi strbss) rdtebr tedn bnbtch

jdhtars fust mb rbspanscmib jar tecs cnhrbdsb.

-n teb hdsb aj ,marccndi pbapib cn ,ustrdicd5 fast aj teb ciinbss dn# #bdte

hurrbntiy ahhurrcn cs #ub ta hurdmib5 prbvbntdmib pramibfs weche drb mbcn

drdvdtb# dt prbsbnt my teb bnvcranfbnts cn weche ,marccndi pbapib drb

jarhb# ta icvb5 dn# teb jaa#5 #rcnl dn# fb#chdi trbdtfbnt teby drb pravc#b#

wcte dn# #bprcvb# aj. -n d##ctcan ta cnjbhtcans dn# #cbtdry #bjchcbnhy

#csbdsbs5 dihaeai1cn#uhb# heranch ciinbss dn# bdriy #bdte edvb mbbn jbdturbs

aj twbntcbte hbntury survcvcn ,marccndi haffunctcbs5 d pramibf

cntra#uhb# dn# fdcntdcnb# my teb wectb1hantraiib# dihaeai cn#ustry dn#

dmbttb# my 3affanwbdite5 tdtb dn# +brrctary avbrnfbnt suppart aj

dihaeai prafatcan my tecs fdsscvb cn#ustry. -t cs ecstarchdiiy bvc#bnt tedt

dihaeai eds mbbn usb# scnhb teb bdriy #dys aj $urapbdn haiancdi hanCubst ta

sumHudtb teb papuidtcans aj havbtb# idn#s5 bspbhcdiiy teb cn#cbnaus pbapib

aj tebsb idn#s5 wea amvcausiy edvb teb fast Hustcjcdmib hidcfs ta awnbrsecp

aj teb tbrrctarcbs cn Cubstcan. -n d##ctcan ta hduscn d##chtcan5 dihaeai hdn mb

dn# eds mbbn usb# ta hanjusb (vcd cnta>chdtcan) vdrcaus dihaeai1ndTvb<

papuidtcans5 dn# ct eds mbbn lnawn jar sbvbrdi hbnturcbs tedt b>hbsscvb

dihaeai cnbstcan hdusbs dhutb dn# heranch ciinbss N pdrtchuidriy #dfdb ta

teb mrdcn dn# nbrvaus systbf dn# ta teb icvbr. ,ihaeai eds teus pidyb# d lby

raib cn mcaiachdi dn# psyheaiachdi wdrjdrb strdtbcbs jar fdny hbnturcbs.

, jurtebr dtrahcty haffcttb# ddcnst ,marccndi pbapib cn ,ustrdicd wds teb

#bicmbrdtb cntra#uhtcan aj pidubs vcd midnlbts hantdfcndtb# wcte sfdiipa>5

fbdsibs5 cnjiubn7d dn# atebr cnjbhtcans (mcaiachdi wdrjdrb)5 cn d scfcidr

jdsecan ta teb bnahc#b aj ,fbrchdn -n#cdns my Mrctcse haiancsts cn tedt

hantcnbnt5 mut wcte bCudiiy jbw pumich rbhar#s aj teb hrcfb. 3ebfchdi

pacsans taa wbrb usb#. aen Pcibr cn D Xbhrbt Hauntry (!:=:) wrctbs aj

bvbnts cn teb !:te 3bntury?

Jebrb teb drfy haui# nat #bjbdt teb ,ustrdicdns5 hebfchdis wbrb

usb#. +eb Xyknby Fanctar haffbntb# tedt fdss pacsancn my

stryhencnb5 peaspearus dn# drsbnch cs fuhe sdjbr


15/475


6avbrnfbnt rbpart #bshrcmb# teb bjjbht? teb ncbrs ]wbrb cvbnX&

safbtecn rbdiiy stdrticn ta lbbp tebf Cucbt&teb rdtcans hantdcnb#

dmaut ds fuhe stryhencnb ds dnytecn dn# nat anb aj teb fam

bshdpb#&farb tedn d eun#rb# midhls wbrb strbtheb# aut my tecs rusb

aj teb awnbr aj an daan.<

J+eb prcnhcpdi lciicn jcbi#s wbrb cn 2ubbnsidn#5 webrb d spbhcdiiy

jarfb# haiancdi drfy5 teb dtcvb %auntb# 3divdry5 usb# nc#br rcjibs

weasb wc#b marb tarb pbapib dpdrt. +ecs jarhb apbrdtb# ds

b>tbrfcndtcan sCud#s aj 81! pbrsannbi sbnt ta JpdhcjyGb# jarhbG aj ,marccndi fbn un#br wectb haffdn#) tedt pdtraiib# teb

Jjrantcbr rbcanG aj 2ubbnsidn# mbtwbbn !=40 dn# !=:!. ,t teb hast aj

dppra>cfdtbiy anb fciican #aiidrs1pbr1ybdr5 teb dtcvb Paichb wbrb

astbnscmiy cntbntb# ta Jlbbp teb pbdhbG mbtwbbn wectbs dn# ,marccnbs5

wecib cn prdhtchb tebcr fdcn dhtcvcty wds euntcn ,marccnbs wcte uns5

dhhar#cn ta Prajbssar 9bynai#s5 wea Cuatb# aen auids5 b>1ebd# aj teb

dtcvb Paichb ds hidcfcn5 cn !==;5 tedt Jdt teb prbsbnt teb dtcvb Paichb #a

natecn mut seaat tebf #awn webnbvbr teby hdn bt dt tebfG. Prajbssar

9bynai#s pacntb# aut tedt tebrb wbrb5 dt teb tcfb5 na prcsans jar ,marccndi

pbapib5 suppartcn ecs hantbntcan tedt teb fdcn junhtcan aj teb dtcvb Paichb

cn 2ubbnsidn# wds ta lcii5 rdtebr tedn paichb< ,marccnbs.

3auntbrcn Prajbssar 9bynai#s< drufbnt cn teb tbibvcsb# #bmdtb5 wds teb

dutear Obcte cn#sheuttib5 anb aj sbvbrdi ecstarchdi haffbntdtars dn#

ecstarcdns wea hidcfs tedt tebrb wds nat d Jtaibn 6bnbrdtcanG cn ,ustrdicd5

nar bnahc#b5 dn# tedt5 an teb hantrdry5 teb wectb avbrnfbnts aj ,ustrdicd

edvb trbdtb# ,marccndi pbapib rbidtcvbiy wbii


16/475


%r cn#sheuttib5 #c# Cuctb d aa# Ham5 dn# dny rbpartb# fdssdhrbs wbrb

rassiy b>dbrdtb# dn# mdsb# an JfyteG. Jebrb wbrb teb paichb rbparts

dn# pdteaiay rbparts aj teb #bd# ,marccnbsDG cn#seuttib dslb#. ,rucn

tedt fast aj teb ,marccnbs #cb# aj vbnbrbdi #csbdsbs (eb ndfb# sypecics dn#

anarreabd spbhcjchdiiy)5 cn#seuttib pacntb# ta teb dmsbnhb aj JajjchcdiG

rbhar#s5 dn# fdss1rdvbs5 hidcfcn tedt fast hidcfs aj ,marccndi fdssdhrbs

cn ,ustrdicd drb mdsb# an dnbh#atdi bvc#bnhb. uhe bvc#bnhb wds nat tdlbn

sbrcausiy my rbdi ecstarcdns< suhe ds ecfsbij.

Obcte cn#sheuttib cs anb aj sbvbrdi wrctbrs dhhusb# my teb %bimaurnb

ecstarcdn 9ambrt %dnnb5 aj dtramb Rncvbrscty5 aj pbrpbtrdtcn Jwectb icbsG

dmaut ,ustrdicdtrdht jraf ecs bssdy !n "bncdi# [eb Xtaibn Gbnbrdtcan dnk teb

]cget cn [eb Dgb ('!.'.;;!) eb wrctbs?

J-n teb jcndi jaur cssubs aj $udkrdnt cn ;;;5 %h6ucnnbss ]b#ctar

aj teb fdd7cnbX pumicseb# dn drtchib my 6bajjrby Pdrtcntan an teb

jdciurb aj ,marccndi b#uhdtcanF dn drtchib my Obcte cn#sheuttib

hanhbrncn teb suppasb# mrbdl1up aj ,ustrdicd< tedt wds ta hafb ds d

rbsuit aj teb sbpdrdtcst< tecnlcn cn teb warl aj Ebnry 9bynai#s dn#

ubt 3aafmsF na jbwbr tedn jcvb ian drtchibs hbibmrdtcn5 jraf

#cjjbrbnt dnibs5 teb 3affanwbdite vchtary cn teb 3umciia16unnbr

staibn bnbrdtcans tbst hdsbF dn#5 fast dstancsecniy aj dii5 terbb

ibntey drtchibs my Obcte cn#sheuttib5 suppasb#iy b>pia#cn teb ibjt1

wcn fyte< aj teb !:te1hbntury jrantcbr fdssdhrbs dn# cts

fdnujdhturb aj d vdstiy cnjidtb# #bdte taii


17/475


Jctecn terbb ybdrs5 un#br teb b#ctarsecp aj %h6ucnnbss5

$udkrdnt ed# favb# jraf teb prafcsb aj bnucnb #bmdtb< an

,marccndi paichy ta teb rbdicty aj dtrahcty #bncdicsf cn teb dvc#

-rvcn fa#b. My tebcr pumich scibnhb5 - hdn aniy dssufb bancb

Ordfbr5 dvc# ,rfstran dn# bs %urrdy drb pibdsb#.G

"aiiawcn teb pumichdtcan aj teb Jectb cbsG drtchib5 9ambrt %dnnb wds

vchcausiy dttdhlb# cn teb prbss my teasb eb ed# dhhusb# aj d J9cet wcn

hdfpdcnG ta #bny teb stbdicn aj heci#rbn dn# #cshrb#ct teb ajjchcdi rbpart

tedt mrauet tebsb hrcfbs aj teb JdsscfcidtcanG paichy (pdrt aj teb ectb

,ustrdicd Paichy) ta pumich natchb. +ecs wds teb %dy !::0 rbpart my cr

9andi# cisan dn# teb ,marccndi bi#br %chl a#san5 tctib# %rcngcng tebf

eafb. +ecs rbpart5 jaiiawcn d spbhcjch cnvbstcdtcan cnta heci# rbfavdi

#urcn teb !:4;s dn# !:8;s5 hidcfb# tedt anb cn terbb ,marccndi pbapib

ta#dy rbpartb# edvcn mbbn staibn. Prajbssar %dnnb hidcfs tedt5 avbrdii5

dmaut ;5;;; ta 45;;; heci#rbn wbrb tdlbn jraf tebcr jdfcicbs ta prbvbnt

tebf jraf icvcn cn d trcmdi han#ctcan< mbtwbbn !:;; dn# !:0;5 diteaue

tecs haui# mb d scncjchdnt un#brbstcfdtb. +eb heci# rbfavdi paichy wds

spbhcjchdiiy #crbhtb# dt edij1hdstb< heci#rbn. Prajbssar %dnnb wrctbs?

J+eb hdfpdcn ddcnst %rcngcng tebf eafb wds nat rbstrchtb#

ta rcet1wcn haiufncsts dn# $udkrdnt fdd7cnb. -t wds suppartb#

bnteuscdstchdiiy my d jarfdi cmbrdi fcncstbr jar ,marccndi djjdcrs5

Pbtbr EawsanF my teb rbsc#bnt dnterapaiacst dt teb prcvdtb tecnl1tdnl

teb -nstctutb aj Pumich ,jjdcrs 9an MruntanF dn# my sbvbrdi rbtcrb#

pumich sbrvdnts dn# pdtrai ajjchbrs cnvaivb# cn teb rbfavdi paichy5

9bcndi# %drse5 bs Pbnedii dn# 3aicn %dhiba#. $vbn farb

cfpartdntiy teb hdfpdcn rbhbcvb# bnhaurdbfbnt jraf Prcfb

%cncstbr aen Eawdr# dn# ecs fcncstbr jar ,marccndi djjdcrs5 bndtar

aen Ebrran. urcn teb 3umciia16unnbr staibn bnbrdtcans tbst cn

drwcn5 teb 3affanwbdite ibdi tbdf5 ib# my auids %bdebr5 teb

san aj teb fcncstbr jar ,marccndi djjdcrs cn teb Maitb avbrnfbnt aj

teb !:8;s cn Ichtarcd5 drub# tedt teb artebrn +brrctary prdhtchb aj

!0



18/475


sbpdrdtcn edij1hdstb< heci#rbn jraf tebcr fatebrs dn# haffunctcbs

wds nat fbrbiy wbii1cntbntcanb# mut dhtudiiy wartey aj ece prdcsb.G

-n teb wbbl jaiiawcn teb pumichdtcan aj Prajbssar %dnnb


19/475


dmusb ar cfdcnb# dm#uhtcan my dicbns5 sujjbrcn jraf d han#ctcan hdiib#

jdisb fbfary syn#rafb


20/475


edvb sbbn5 teb amHbhtcvb aj teb Mrctcse $fpcrb


21/475


$nidn#5 3antcnbntdi $urapb dn# arte ,fbrchd teraue teb !=4;s dn#

!=8;s. 2ucbt rurdi vciidbs mbhdfb raw#y maaftawns avbrncet5 dn#

%bimaurnb mbhdfb d sprdwicn hcty. ,idn 6rass wrctbs cn ecs mcardpey aj

Ichtarcdn 6avbrnar 3edribs dtramb?

Jecib teb hanstctutcandi hednb wds mbcn fd#b5 teb bntcrb

han#ctcans aj ,ustrdicdn icjb wbrb trdnsjarfb#. 6ai# wds jaun#5 ar5

farb dhhurdtbiy5 pbrfcttb# ta mb jaun# scnhb cts ahhurrbnhb ed# mbbn

lnawn jar d bnbrdtcan. $dricbr rbparts ed# mbbn euseb#F b>hctbfbnt

aj suhe d ndturb wds teauet ta mb taa #dnbraus jar d haffuncty cn

weche teb hanvcht bibfbnt wds sa stran. %bdns wbrb jaun# ta scibnhb

haiancsts wea #dmmib# cn suhe baiay? webn d hanvcht rbpartb# d

jcn#5 eb wds jiab# jar stdtbfbnts #bhidrb# ta mb untrutejui. d

+ramb ed# d#fcncstbrb# ecs pravcnhb cn dhhar#dnhb wcte tecs paichy.G

,iteaue %bimaurnb rbw cnta d hcty #urcn teb tcfb aj dn# mdsb# an teb

jcndnhb aj teb Ichtarcdn ai# ruse5 cnctcdiiy teb hcty wds5 ta teb hanhbrn aj

6avbrnar d +ramb5 ibjt #bsbrtb# my haiancsts sbblcn cnstdnt wbdite teraue

teb #cshavbry aj ai#. J6ai#1jbvbrG dn# Jai# fdncdG mbhdfb haffan

#cdnasbs cn teb jcrst iundtch dsyiufs mucit ta try dn# hantdcn teb sctudtcan.

Prajbssar $rch 3unncnedf d> wrctbs cn &cstary aj ,syhecdtry?

J"aiiawcn upan teb #bvbiapfbnt aj teb waai cn#ustry jraf !=';

ta !=4;5 tebrb wds d turfaci hrbdtb# my teb #cshavbry aj ai# dt

Mdteurst cn bw aute dibs dn# dt 3iunbs cn Ichtarcd (ds ct wds

hdiib# webn amtdcncn cts cn#bpbn#bnhb jraf bw aute dibs5 cn

!=4;). %bn ibjt tebcr eafbs dn# Hams5 fcrdnts paurb# cn5 muserdnbrs

dmaun#b#5 rad#s wbrb hiab#5 ra seaps jiaurcseb#5 prchbs sadrb#

dn# jartunbs wbrb fd#b dn# iast avbrncet. +eb hafmcnb# papuidtcan

aj Ichtarcd dn# bw aute dibs wbnt up jraf 8454;' cn !=4;5 ta

==85':' cn !=8;&+ebrb haui# edr#iy edvb mbbn d pbrca# aj farb

rdpc# sahcdi hednb dn# d#Hustfbnt5 ar suhe dn appartuncty jar

sahcapdtech trdcts ta mb famcic7b#. uhe wds teb #bfdn# upan teb

fbntdi easpctdi sbrvchbs cn Ichtarcd tedt cn !=80 twa fbntdi easpctdis

cn ai# fcncn drbds5 dt appasctb bn#s aj teb stdtb5 wbrb apbnb# wctecn

!



22/475


tbn #dys aj anb dnatebr. , tecr#5 dt Obw5 d#fcttb# cts jcrst pdtcbnts aniy

jcvb ybdrs idtbr5 wcte teb amHbht aj rbicbvcn Bdrrd Mbn#5 teb jcrst

dsyiuf cn %bimaurnb.G

-ranchdiiy5 Bdrrd Mbn#5 webrb teb jcrst %bimaurnb iundtch dsyiuf wds

hanstruhtb# cn !=*=5 wds teb pidhb webrb aen Mdtfdn ed# Jtrd#b#G dn

bnarfaus drbd aj idn# wcte d jdisb prafcsb eb nbvbr cntbn#b# lbbpcn5 cn d

maus JtrbdtyG scnb# my terbb ,marccndi fbn weasb ndfbs drb rbhar#b#5

dii terbb5 ds Jcd cdG. %dnncn 3idrl5 cn D &cstary aj Dustrdicd wrctbs?

J+edt #dy ]cn %dy5 !='4X eb dvb teb fbn midnlbts5 tafdedwls5

lncvbs5 shcssars5 dn# iaalcn1idssbs dn# eun draun# teb nbhls aj

bdhe wafdn dn# heci# d nbhlidhb ]eb disa dvb teb fbn dihaeai5

dhhar#cn ta atebr rbparts N tecs mbcn hanscstbnt wcte teb trbdty

strdtby usb# my teb Mrctcse cn ,jrchd dn# arte ,fbrchdX. +eby

dppbdrb# eceiy rdtcjcb# dn# b>hctb#. +eb nb>t #dy eb b>pidcnb# ta

teb hecbjs tedt teb amHbht aj ecs vcsct wds ta purhedsb d trdht aj tebcr

hauntry5 scnhb eb cntbn#b# ta sbttib dfanst tebf wcte ecs wcjb5 sbvbn

#duetbrs5 ecs sebbp dn# ecs hdttib. Eb prapasb#5 eb sdc#5 ta bfpiay

teb pbapib aj tebcr trcmb5 hiateb dn# jbb# tebf5 dn# pdy tebf d

hafpbnsdtcan jar teb bnHayfbnt aj teb idn#.G

Mdtfdn ed# dhCucrb# 8;;5;;; dhrbs aj teb fast mbdutcjui dn# vdiudmib

tbrrctary cn Ichtarcd5 tabtebr wcte teb faute aj teb Bdrrd 9cvbr dn# teb part

ct rdn cnta jar d jbw trcnlbts. Kr sa eb hidcfb#. ,htudiiy5 ct wds d maus

trbdty5 ds dii suhe trbdtcbs wbrb. +eb terbb ,marccndi fbn wea scnb#< dwdy

tebcr< idn# ta Mdtfdn #c# nat awn ct N ct wds nat tebcr


23/475


ian mbjarb teb drbd wds sbc7b# my 6avbrnar d +ramb jar teb Mrctcse 3rawn5

dn# Mdtfdn wds jarhb# ta muy mdhl safb aj teb idn# jraf teb 3aiancdi

6avbrnfbnt. +eb Cubstcan aj wea rcetjuiiy awnb# dn# awns teb idn# aj

,ustrdicd eds nat mbbn sbttib# ybt. -t cs warte natcn tedt teb rbpart aj d

bibht 3affcttbb aj teb Eausb aj 3affans an ,marccnbs5 cn !='05 stdtb#?

J&cn teb rbhaiibhtcan aj fdny icvcn fbn bvbry pdrt aj tecs

tbrrctary wds teb prapbrty aj teb ,marccnbsG

d +ramb


24/475


bvbrdi rbfdcn5 dian wcte survcvcn jdfcicbs aj ,marccndi pbapib5 ta tecs

#dy.

,natebr b>dfpib aj fa#brn1#dy hanhbntrdtcan hdfps cn ,ustrdicd drb sa1

hdiib# J#btbntcan hdfps/hbntrbsG cn weche jarbcn dsyiuf sbblbrs

(#bncrdtcniy tbrfb# Jciibdi cffcrdntsG ar JciibdisG) drb cfprcsanb# an

drrcvdi ebrb N dn# fdy mb ebi# wcteaut trcdi ar hrcfb (atebr tedn hafcn ebrb

ciibdiiy


25/475


%asibfs my vdrcaus 6avbrnfbnt dn# an16avbrnfbnt ardnc7dtcans5

cnhiu#cn teb cffcrdtcan #bpdrtfbnt5 weche cs naw ndfb# teb Jbpdrtfbnt

aj -ffcrdtcan dn# %uitchuiturdi ,jjdcrsG.

-t cs haffaniy prahidcfb#5 tebsb #dys5 tedt ,ustrdicd eds d Jfuitchuiturdi

sahcbtyG. +eb hidcf cs ajtbn fd#b prau#iy5 bspbhcdiiy my teb 3affanwbdite

6avbrnfbnt aj ,ustrdicd. edt cs d Jfuitchuiturdi sahcbtyG5 b>dhtiy5 dn#

wedt avbrnfbnt paichcbs edvb mbbn #bvbiapb# dn# cfpibfbntb# ta hantrai

tecs fuitchuiturdi< sahcbty wb icvb cnD Eaw scfcidr cs teb ,ustrdicdn

6avbrnfbnt


26/475


cfpibfbntb# cn atebr Mrctcse haiancbs5 dn#5 ds wb edvb sbbn jraf teb

b>dfpib aj bapai#trbfb jarf cn teb tbdhecn5 my wectbs5 aj sa1hdiib#

JPc#cn1$nicseG cn bw 6ucnbd dn# teb +arrbs trdct -sidn#s. Pc#cn< cs

mdschdiiy mralbn $nicse< d styib aj spbbhe tedt prbvbnts dny spbdlbr jraf

bttcn debd#< cn teb $nicse1spbdlcn wari#


27/475


RncvbrsctcbsG. +eb sdfb mbcn teb hdsb rbdr#cn teb #afcndnt huiturb cn teb

R,5 3dnd#d5 bw [bdidn# dn# aute ,jrchd (untci rbhbntiy)5 tecs bictb

raup #afcndtb# teb pumich sbrvchb dn# teb avbrnfbnt5 ds wbii ds teb

b#uhdtcandi systbf dn# teb cn#ustrcdi wari#. +eby wratb teb idws dn# trdcnb#

teasb wea sdt cn Hu#bfbnt. +eby trdcnb#5 cn teb uncvbrsctcbs teby ed#

jcndnhb#5 fbn wea mbhdfb bnbrdis5 drhemcseaps5 prcfb fcncstbrs dn#

prbsc#bnts. +eby wbrb teb Jrdn#fdstbrsG aj teb Jai# may nbtwarlG. , sfdii

huiturdi fcnarcty wea dcnb# pbbrdbs dn# eanaurs jar sbrvchb ta teb 3rawn5

dn# fd#b #bdis djjbhtcn fciicans aj icvbs cn Madr#raafs dn# bictb aij1

hiums. , sfdii huiturdi fcnarcty wea cnscstb# an pdsscn teb part ta teb rcet5

dn# scncn J6a# dvb teb 2ubbnG (ar Ocn) an spbhcdi ahhdscansF wea

#rdnl teb Jjcnbst hathe wecslyG dn# icvb# cn jartrbss1iclb fdnscans webrb

sidvbs ambyb# tebcr bvbry wecf. 3bhci 9ea#bs dn# bapai# -- wbrb c#ais ta

tebsb fbn5 dn# ct cs teby wea ruib# teb Javbrnfbnt mbecn# teb

avbrnfbntsG. +a#dy5 ds ct #c# d eun#rb# ybdrs da5 teb hbntrbs aj tecs ai#

may nbtwarl< drb teb jrdtbrnctcbs< aj #cjjbrbnt %dHar Rncvbrsctcbs (dmaut ;

wari#1wc#b) dn# dssahcdtb# JPrcvdtb %bfmbrs %bn


28/475


J+a#dy farb tedn bvbr cs suhe un#brstdn#cn ]ds Edslbiitrdar#cndrciy

cntbrbstcn trdvbi maal. +eb rbvcbwbr (wea eds vcsctb# ,ustrdicd)

straniy rbhaffbn#s ct ta jbiiaw aucte ,jrchdns. +ebrb cs d fcety

iat teb wdrb ,jrcldnbr< hdn ibdrn jraf teb #cnluf ,usscbpbrts dt bstdmicsecn d Jectb 3aianyG.

+eb cn#b> aj Wditcng Fdtcikd# d %dhlgraunk ta Dustrdicd hantdcns na

rbjbrbnhbs ta ,marccnbs5 ,marccndi pbapib ar -n#cbnaus pbapib. Edslbii

fdlbs anb aj ecs jbw rbjbrbnhbs ta JndtcvbsG webn eb #bshrcmbs aen

Mdtfdn


29/475


JEb fbt teb ndtcvb hecbjs dn# cn b>hednb jar tafdedwls5 mbd#s

dn# fcrrars mauet 8;;5;;; dhrbs. ,s d scn aj drbbfbnt teb hecbjs

hut tebcr ndfbs wcte d tafdedwl an teb mdrl aj d uf trbb. -n

Mdtfdn


30/475


J+eb -n#cdns ebrb iaal dfd7cniy wbii jb# dn# hiateb#. +eb

aute ,jrchdn tbn#s ta prdcsb teb ndtcvb dn# spbdl #cspdrdcniy dmaut

teb -n#cdn wea eds haffcttb# teb fartdi scn aj fdlcn d suhhbss5 d

tecn tedt na anb wcte d pcfbntb# slcn seaui# #a. +eb pbapib dn# teb

prbss ebrb drb mrcsticn wcte teb fast stuitcjycn aj dii natcans5 rdhb

hanshcausnbss ]eb usbs d bupebfcsf jar prbHu#chb dn# mcatryX. +ruiy5

dnterapaiay cs teb anb stu#y tedt seaui# mb fd#b hafpuisary ta#dy.

+ebrb cs d midhl pramibf5 dn# -n#cdn pramibf5 dn# ,jrclddns pramibf5

dn# tebrb cs acn ta mb d aa#1sc7b# bwcse pramibf. +eb bws edvb

#anb wbii my aute ,jrchd N 9ea#bs lnbw tebcr vdiub N dt teb sdfb

tcfb teby edvb #anb wbii my tebfsbivbs5 dn unpdr#andmib scn. +eby

drb tebrb cn nufmbrs dn# d icttib farb jidfmaydnt tedn cs d#vcsdmib jar

tebcr awn aa#. -n jdht tebrb cs5 aj haursb5 na bwcse pramibf5 tebrb

nbvbr rbdiiy csF ct cs d hanvbncbnt favb jar teb paictchcdn wea cs

bntcrbiy mdnlrupt aj c#bds. +a #bhidrb tedt tebrb cs d bwcse pramibf cs

disa ta #bhidrb tedt teb 6bntcib eds cnjbrcar hdpdhctcbs. -t cs diwdys

#cjjchuit ta rbhanhcib tecs wcte 6brfdnch prc#b aj rdhb. a anb

lnawcn teb ecstary aj aute ,jrchd dn# cts rbdt pcanbbrs hdn d#fct

suhe d tecn5 teaue taa fuhe hanhbntrdtcan an spart fdy edvb

wbdlbnb# tebcr #bshbn#dnts. +ecs jbbicn aj rdhcdicsf5 dn#

hansbCubntiy d bnbrdi cntbrbst cn paictchs5 cs bvbn ta teb trcppbr d rbdt

dn# amvcaus hantrdst wcte ,ustrdicd. edt seb iasbs cn hebdp idmaur

seb dcns cn pbdhb aj fcn# dn# cn #bhbnt tecnlcn.G (p.8=)

-n !:*5 webn ecs maal wds pumicseb#5 Edslbii pramdmiy #c# nat lnaw tedt

teb Jpramibf aj teb bwsG wds5 dt teb tcfb5 mbcn Jsaivb#G my warlcn bws

ds sidvbs untci teby #cb# cn 6brfdny dn# 6brfdn1ahhupcb# $urapbF teasb

fbn5 wafbn dn# heci#rbn5 tedt cs5 wea wbrb nat dssb# ar Jsdhrcjchb#G jar

fb#chdi b>pbrcfbnts. -n jdht5 fdny aj teb bws wea wbrb mbhafcn d

JpramibfG cn teb bybs aj rdhcsts cn aute ,jrchd5 wbrb bshdpcn jraf d7c

pbrsbhutcan. %dny farb jib# ta ,ustrdicd.

Edslbii wrctbs pdtranc7cniy aj teb sd# jdtb aj teb Jdteibtch [uiuG5 rbibdtb#

ta puiicn rchlsedws cn ectb aute ,jrchd?

';



31/475


J[uius cn jdntdstch dttcrb5 d wan#brjui pcbhb aj iahdi haiaur5 rdhb

dian wcte tebcr rchlsedws5 mdrbjaatb# dn# b>trdar#cndrciy rdhbjui.

+ebcr jbbt sbbf ta slcf dian teb raun# wecib tebcr seaui#brs drb

fatcanibss ]d #bshrcptcan tedt scts wbii wcte 6ditanhbsscvb pbrspcrdtcan

]pbrspcrdtcan #abs nat hdusb iun traumib5 mut runncn dian rad#s

mrbdtecn cn jufbs5 dn# warlcn cn un#brraun# fcnbs #absX. +ebcr

hiatebs drb pchturbsCub mut jdr jraf eybcnch5 tebcr ma#cbs mbcn

sfatebrb# cn jurs dn# rds.G

Eb disa rbjbrs ta teb pramibf aj Jedij1hdstbsG cn aute ,jrchd5 diteaue eb

d#fcts teb JunpibdsdntnbssG aj teb tbrf5 dn# #bnaunhbs rdhcsf5 strbsscn

tedt dnterapaiacsts5 mbcn shcbntcjch tecnlbrs5 drb dmavb suhe prbHu#chbs?

Jb fcss teb dteibtch [uiu wea cs ebrb rbpidhb# my teb 3dpb

haiaurb#5 hdj/ du idct ]fcily hajjbb


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aj haiaur pramibf


33/475


-ffcrdtcan dn# %uitchuiturdi ,jjdcrs5 Peciicp 9u##ahl5 cvbs ecs prbpdrb#

dnswbr dmaut teb avbrnfbnt1Prcfb %cncstbr dn# cmbrdi Pdrty stranfdn

%dihaif "rdsbr eds #bshrcmb# ds Jebii eaibsG.

+eb earrcjch trbdtfbnt aj cfprcsanb# papuidtcans cn ,ustrdicd cs aniy naw

hafcn ta icet5 dn# bvbn sa5 aniy cn csaidtb# rbparts cn teb nbwspdpbrs.

bwspdpbr rbparts avbr teb pdst twa ybdrs cn %bimaurnb5 edvb pravc#b#

bnaue pcbhbs aj teb pchturb ta sbb tedt teb fast tbrrcmib dmusbs aj teb pdst

edvb mbbn systbfdtchdiiy #bncb#5 dn# tedt teb #bprdvb# fbntdicty tedt

rbsuitb# cn bdriy hrcfbs ddcnst eufdncty #urcn ybdrs ds d pbndi haiany

edvb pbrscstb# cn teb fa#brn prcsans systbf5 dn# teasb wea run ct.

+bn#bnhcbs tawdr#s sd#csf edvb diwdys mbbn jdvaurb# my teasb wea

dppacnt udr#s avbr prcsanbrs5 ds teb ecstarchdi rbhar# dfpiy #bfanstrdtbs.

d#cstch Judr# huiturbsG hdn teus mb b>pbhtb# ta #bvbiap dn# prapddtb

tebfsbivbs cn dny pbrfdnbnt cnstctutcan webrb pbapib drb ebi# ddcnst tebcr

wcii.

-n ,ustrdicd5 pbapib drb hurrbntiy cfprcsanb# cn sbvbrdi #cjjbrbnt typbs aj

cnstctutcan. +ebsb cnhiu#b pumichiy< dn# prcvdtbiy awnb# prcsans5 pumichiy

dn# prcvdtbiy awnb# easpctdis< dn# nurscn eafbs< dn# bpdrtfbnt aj

-ffcrdtcan #btbntcan hbntrbs


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dhlbneut 3arrbhtcans 3arpardtcan eds avbr *;5;;; prcsanbrs (b>hiu#cn

stdjj fbfmbrs). Mdsb# dt *;; dhlbneut rcvb5 Pdif Mbdhe 6dr#bns5

"iarc#d5 teb hafpdnybhutcvb Kjjchbr5 r 6barb 3. [aiby madsts5

cn teb WHH Dii ,acnts %uiibtcn (d pumichdtcan my teb hafpdny Jjar

bfpiaybbs dn# tebcr jdfcicbsG) tedt?

J-t cs d pibdsurb ta natb tedt 33 cs nat aniy anb aj teb idrbst

harrbhtcandi dn# spbhcdic7b# ebdite sbrvchbs ardnc7dtcans cn teb wari#5

mut disa anb weche cs un#bracn hantcnub# rawte dt d ebditey pdhb

dn# anb weche pravc#bs cnnavdtcvb saiutcans ta avbrnfbnt

hediibnbs&+eb hantcnub# rawte wds #bfanstrdtb# #urcn teb pdst

terbb fantes ds teb hafpdny cnctcdtb# fdndbfbnt aj teb jcrst

prcvdtc7b# prcsan cn bw [bdidn#5 teb '='1mb# ,uhlidn# 3bntrdi

9bfdn# PrcsanF dn# disa apbnb# teb nbwiy rbnavdtb# bstbrn 9bcan

btbntcan "dhcicty dt dn cba5 3dicjarncd wcte d hantrdht ta eausb up

ta 8!8 #btdcnbbs jar teb R.. %drsedis brvchb.G

-n bw [bdidn#5 d #csprapartcandtb nufmbr aj prcsan cnfdtbs drb -n#cbnaus

pbapib (%darcs) dn# Pdhcjch -sidn#brs5 ds cn ,ustrdicd. -n teb R, d

#csprapartcandtb nufmbr aj prcsanbrs cn tdtb1awnb# dn# prcvdtbiy1awnb#

prcsans drb hidsscjcb# ds JMidhlG ar JEcspdnchG. +eb ajjchcdi stdtcstchdi #dtd

haiibhtb# my fb#chdi5 paichb5 dn# fcictdry cnstctutcans dn# ardnc7dtcans cn

teb R, edvb hidsscjcb# teb papuidtcan aj teb R, ds JectbG5 JMidhlG5

JEcspdnchG ar JKtebrsG jar fdny ybdrs. ,ifast dii teb paictchdi ibd#brs dn#

muscnbss ibd#brs cn teb R, drb5 my tecs hidsscjchdtcan5 JectbG5 cnhiu#cn dii

teb peatardpeb# JmassbsG aj dhlbneut 3arrbhtcans 3arpardtcan. r

6barb 3. [aiby5 teb 3ecbj $>bhutcvb Kjjchbr (3$K) dn# Ichb 3edcrfdn aj

teb Madr#5 cs seawn cn teb cnsc#b havbr5 nb>t ta ecs d##rbss ta ecs bfpiaybbs

tctib# JPrajbsscandicsf N teb sbb#s jar juturb rawteG5 ds d sfcicn5 tdnnb#5

fc##ib1db# fdn wcte #drl edcr rbycn dt teb tbfpibs5 wbdrcn d #drl

#aumib1mrbdstb# suct5 wectb secrt dn# ardnb tcb.

Eb cs pchturb# ddcn an pdb * aj teb '1pdb# muiibtcn


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vbry scfcidr hafpib>can5 rby edcr5 dn# disa wbdrcn d #drl suct. b>t ta teb

sfdii5 miurrb# peatardpe cs teb #bhbptcvb hdptcan?

J6barb [aiby rbhbntiy taurb# aur jdhcictcbs cn ,ustrdicd dn# ed#

ahhdscan ta ibdrn d nbw typb aj cntra#uhtcan. Eb cs pchturb# ebrb

fbbtcn dn +ufdecn#5 3ecbj aj teb %aarc (teb ,marccndis) dn#

b>tbn#cn teb trd#ctcandi %aarc rbbtcn (aur vbrscan aj teb

edn#sedlb). Prcar ta ibdvcn5 dn prbsbntb# 6barb wcte d pdtu5 d

%aarc edn# d>.G

ea cs Jdn +ufdecn#5 3ecbj aj teb %aarcG5 b>dhtiyD +ebrb cs na

rbhancsb# JhecbjG aj teb ,ustrdicdn ,marccndi pbapib5 dn# +ufdecn#< #abs

nat saun# iclb dn ,marccndi ndfb. dn< cs hbrtdcniy nat. ecib teb

-n#cbnaus pbapib aj bw [bdidn# drb lnawn ds %darcs


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Ichtarcd ("uiedf 3arrbhtcandi 3bntrb dn# %bimaurnb 3usta#y 3bntrb)

cn#cndtcan fcet turn ta autrdb. -j ct wbrb rbvbdib# tedt dhlbneut

3arrbhtcans 3arpardtcan5 cs mdsb# cn "iarc#d5 teb tdtb 6avbrnar aj weche cs

b# Muse5 mratebr aj 6barb . Muse dn# nbpebw aj b>13-, mass dn# b>1

prbsc#bnt 6barb Muse bncar5 dn# tedt 6barb . Muse5 ds 6avbrnar aj

+b>ds5 rbjusb# fbrhy ta dii mut aj avbr ;; pbrsandi pibds jraf J#bdte

rawG cn ecs tdtb mbjarb eb mbhdfb R Prbsc#bnt5 wedt hdn wb b>pbhtD edt

drb wb ta fdlb aj teb prarbss aj JrbhanhcicdtcanG cn aute ,jrchd5 webn d

prcvdtb prcsans harpardtcan run my wectb ,fbrchdn fbn bntbrs cnta d 41ybdr

hantrdht ta mucit dn# apbrdtb d '5;*1mb# fd>cfuf sbhurcty prcsan cn d Hacnt

vbnturb wcte aute ,jrchdn 3usta#cdi brvchbs (,3)5 ds cs prau#iy

dnnaunhb# cn teb dhlbneut 3arrbhtcans 3arpardtcan JmuiibtcnG jar cts

mrdcnwdseb# stdjjD

-n prafatcn teb nbw Jfd>cfuf sbhurctyG prcsan mbcn hanstruhtb# cn

aute ,jrchd5 teb 33 muiibtcn Cuatbs 3$K 6barb [aiby?

Jr. 6barb 3. [aiby5 Ichb 3edcrfdn dn# 3ecbj $>bhutcvb

Kjjchbr5 stdtb#5 +ecs prcvdtb1pumich pdrtnbrsecp wcte teb aute ,jrchdn

6avbrnfbnt cs dn cfpartdnt stbp jar aur hafpdny cn jurtebr

b>pdn#cn 33bhutcan aj teb

PraHbht bvbiapfbnt ,rbbfbnt (P..,) cn uiy5 !:::. +eb P..,

pbrfcttb# warl an teb praHbht ta mbcn wecib teb jcndi hantrdht

nbatcdtcans wbrb mbcn hafpibtb#. -t cs mbcn hanstruhtb# my ,3


37/475


muci#cn hantrdhtars5 3anhar 3anstruhtcan Pty.t#.5 6raup 4

3anstruhtcan Pty.t#.5 dn# %dleasc Eai#cns Pty.t#. "uii hantrdhtudi

hiasurb wds dhecbvb# an ,uust !85 ;;;.G

tbpebn Oardmcb5 teb jcrst %dndcn crbhtar aj teb nbw hafpdny tedt eds

mbbn jarfb# my 33 ta run teb Outdfd1bnteufuib %d>cfuf bhurcty

Prcsan< prbvcausiy warlb#5 dppdrbntiy jar ; ybdrs5 ds teb aute ,jrchdn

bpdrtfbnt aj 3arrbhtcvb brvchb


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hanstruhtcan N teus teb fcncn5 hebfchdi dn# pidstchs cn#ustry (weche disa

suppiy teb rdw fdtbrcdis jar drfs fdnujdhturb) prajct. Muci#cn prcsans

mbnbjcts teb hanstruhtcan cn#ustry N weche disa muci#s rad#s dn# rdciwdys5

fdnscans jar teb rche dn# ebttas jar teb paar5 mdrrdhls jar teb drfy dn#

edrmaurs teb ndvy5 easpctdis dn# sheaais5 fcnbs dn# #dfs5 slyshrdpbrs dn#

nuhibdr scias. ,fan teb fyrcd# hanstruhtcans mbcn brbhtb# dt teb #dwn aj

teb !st hbntury5 teb jdstbst rawcn hanstruhtcan cn#ustry cs sdc# ta mb teb

prcsans cn#ustry.

,n b>pdn#cn prcsans cn#ustry disa fbdns rawcn prajcts jar teb drfs dn#

sbhurcty< cn#ustry. 6udr#s dn# wdr#bns< drb pravc#b# wcte mdtans5 uns5

ebifbts5 secbi#s dn# edn#hujjs dn# tduet ta usb tebf. hdnncn #bvchbs dn#

vc#ba survbciidnhb5 hafputbrs ta trdhl prcsanbrs favbfbnts dn# bibhtranch

#btbhtars jar wbdpans drb Hust d jbw aj teb purhedsbs tedt teb pumich pdy jar

webn teby muy teb sbrvchbs aj prcvdtb prcsan hantrdhtars suhe ds dhlbneut

3arrbhtcans 3arpardtcan dn# teb hdn#cndvcdn 6raup *< harpardtcan (weche

disa run prcsans cn ,ustrdicd).

$ibhtranch survbciidnhb aj prcsanbrs cs d pdrtchuidr spbhcdity aj dhlbneut

3arrbhtcans 3arpardtcan5 dn# teb R hafpdny eds rbhbntiy sbt up d

warrycn nbw prardf cn Mrctdcn5 cn d hantrdht wcte teb Mrctcse 6avbrnfbnt

(33 dirbd#y eds 4 prcsans cn $nidn# dn# anb cn hatidn#). +eb Dii ,acnts

%uiibtcn b>pidcns?

JPrbfcbr %anctarcn brvchbs t# (P%) wds d hafpdny

spbhcjchdiiy hrbdtb# dn# tdciarb# ta fbbt teb #bfdn#s aj teb

murbancn rbCucrbfbnt cn teb RO ta $ibhtranchdiiy %anctar

Kjjbn#brs. P% fdndbs twa aj teb jaur %anctarcn 3antrdhts ibt

my teb RO 6avbrnfbnt. +ebsb havbr d papuidtcan aj avbr 4 fciican

cn teb an#an5 $dstbrn dn# %c#idn#s drbds aj $nidn#5 dn# dii aj

dibs. a atebr hantrdhtar cs idrbr ar muscbr.

J+eb fanctarcn rbCucrbfbnt hanscsts aj twa tdsls. Kur jcrst tdsl

cs ta fanctar prcsanbrs wea drb rbibdsb# bdriy jraf prcsan cn ar#br ta

fdcntdcn hantrai dn# struhturb cn ]avbrX tebcr icvbs wecist djjar#cn

'=



39/475


tebf teb appartuncty ta rb1cntbrdtb cnta sahcbty. +eb sbhan# tdsl cs ta

fdndb hurjbws cvbn ds sbntbnhbs my teb haurts teraueaut aur twa

hantrdht drbds. b b>pbht ta fanctar up ta ;;; hurjbwbbs dt dny tcfb

wea edvb mbbn rbibdsb# un#br Eafb 3urjbw btbntcan cnta aur drbd.

b dntchcpdtb tecs jcurb rcscn ta *;;; wcte teb d##ctcan aj haurt1

sbntbnhb# hurjbws.

Jb drb disa pdrtchcpdtcn cn $ibhtranch %anctarcn trcdis warl

jar mate teb Eafb Kjjchb dn# teb hattcse Kjjchb. Mdsb# upan dn apbn

drhectbhturb ardncsdtcan dn# -+ ]cnjarfdtcan tbhenaiayX systbf5

P% cs dmib ta rbdht rdpc#iy ta cnhrbdsb# #bfdn# jar cts sbrvchb.G

pbhcdicsb# bibhtranch bCucpfbnt eds mbbn #bvbiapb# my d hafpdny hdiib#

Prbfcbr 6bardjc> cfctb#< weche pra#uhbs mate teb edr#wdrb< dn#

sajtwdrb< jar Kjjbn#br %anctarcn1prcsanbrs< eafb ar pidhb aj warl tedt trdhls ecs ar

ebr favbfbnts)5 %anctarcn 3bntrb ajtwdrb< dn# %anctarcn Kjjchbr

+rdnsfcttbrspiarb#.

+eb Dii ,acnts %uiibtcn aj teb dhlbneut 3arrbhtcans 3arpardtcan pravc#bs d

icst aj 44 hantrdhts teb hafpdny eds wcte rbibvdnt avbrnfbnts ta run

prcsans cn teb R,5 ,ustrdicd5 $nidn#5 hatidn#5 aute ,jrchd5 bw

[bdidn# dn# 3dnd#d. ,ii tebsb hauntrcbs5 ds wb edvb sbbn5 wbrb fdHar

hbntrbs aj wectb1suprbfdhy bubnchs cn teb ;te hbntury. +eb muiibtcn disa

cnhiu#bs teb nufmbr aj mb#s< cn bdhe prcsan (harrbhtcandi jdhcictycfuf1sbhurcty prcsan cn nartebrn aute ,jrchd.

Kj teb rbfdcncn5 '85*:= mb#s5 =04 drb cn $nidn# (#cstrcmutb# dfan 4

prcsans)5 4*= drb cn hatidn# (Ebr %dHbsty


40/475


[bdidn# dn# teb rbst drb cn arte ,fbrchd. ,iteaue hantdhts cn 3dnd#d drb

fbntcanb#5 dii teb prcsans fbntcanb# drb cn fdcnidn# R,5 wcte teb

b>hbptcan aj teb Mdydfan 3arrbhtcandi "dhcicty cn Pubrta 9cha5 weche eds

4;; mb#s. -t seaui# mb natb# tedt ecstarchdiiy teb nufmbr aj mb#s cn fast

prcsans eds mbbn ibss5 ajtbn #rdfdtchdiiy ibss5 tedn teb nufmbr aj pbapib

ebi# cn teb prcsan N nat bvbry prcsanbr eds ed# d mb#5 cn atebr war#s. +ecs cs

ibss bnbrdiiy teb hdsb cn "crst ari# prcsans5 mut farb ajtbn tedn nat teb

sctudtcan wcte avbrhraw#b# prcsans cn teb +ecr# ari#5 dn# fcet rbdsandmiy

mb b>pbhtb# ta mbhafb teb hdsb cn teb nbw aute ,jrchdn prcsan.

,iteaue teb harpardtcan cs mdsb# cn "iarc#d5 fast aj 33ds5 webrb teb harpardtcan eds !' Hdcis

wcte d tatdi aj 0!00 mb#s


41/475


harnbr aj teb 6uij aj %b>cha. -t cs iahdtb# cn teb fc##ib aj teb sa1hdiib#

Jmcmib mbitG N teb mdn# aj sautebrn stdtbs5 cnhiu#cn ,rc7and5 bw %b>cha5

Klideafd5 ,rldnsds5 aucscdnd5 %csscsscppc5 ,idmdfd5 6barcd dn# aute

3draicnd5 tedt jauet ddcnst teb dmaictcan aj midhl sidvbry my teb artebrn

tdtbs. +ebsb stdtbs hantdcn teb straneai#s aj teb Oiu Oiu> 3idn5 dn#

sbvbrdi hantcnub# midhl1wectb sbrbdtcan cn sheaais dn# pumich pidhbs ds

rbhbntiy ds teb !:4;s dn# !:8;s. +ebsb drb teb stdtbs webrb midhls wbrb

iynheb# my wectb fams dn# teb paichb taal na dhtcan N ar taal pdrt cn teb

lciicn. +ebsb stdtbs drb teb straneai# aj teb wectb suprbfdhy favbfbnt<

cn teb Rnctb# tdtbs5 dn# disa eafb ta d rdnb aj nba1nd7c raups5 dn# teb

pawbr mdsb aj teb cnjiubntcdi ,fbrchdn un iammyds5 6barb . Muse ed# teb appartuncty (fdny waui#

sdy teb amicdtcan) ta stap teb b>bhutcan aj avbr ;; pbapib (fdcniy yaun5

midhl fbn) wea dppbdib# ta ecf jar hibfbnhy wecib an bdte 9awan (jar wdr hrcfbs cn

Icbtndf)5 9andi# 9bddn (jar teb 6uij wdrs suppart aj wdrs cn aute

,fbrchd dn# ,jrchd)5 6barb Muse bncar (jar teb 6uij wdrs dn# suppart aj

wdrs cn aute ,fbrchd5 ,jrchd dn# ,scd)5 dn# Mcii 3icntan (jar ar#brcn teb

R dcrjarhb ta mafm hauntrcbs webnbvbr paictchdiiy b>pb#cbnt). +ebsb

hanhiuscans haui# mb rbdheb# mbjarb hansc#brcn webtebr ,- cs teb rbsuit

aj d R1mdsb# ar R1suppartb# mcaiachdi wdrjdrb prardf. -j E-I wds

fd#b cn "art btrchl idmardtarcbs dn# usb# ta dttdhl paictchdiiy1sbibhtb#

tdrbts my teb R avbrnfbnt5 amvcausiy sbvbrdi R prbsc#bnts drb ucity aj

hafpichcty cn teb warst hrcfb ddcnst eufdncty aj dii tcfb N teb bnahc#b aj

tbns aj fciicans aj pbapib. cnhb teb ,- bpc#bfch mbdn5 cn ,jrchd dn# teb

R,5 cn !:=*5 dii teb R prbsc#bnts scnhb 9andi# 9bddn anwdr#s drb

*!



42/475


cfpichdtb#5 dian wcte tebcr Ichb1Prbsc#bnts dn# hecbjs aj stdjj5 fcictdry dn#

shcbntcjch d#vcsbrs dn# sbncar pumich ebdite ajjchcdis cj teb dhhusdtcans aj r

aen bdib dn# atebrs drb harrbht.

Kn ;.*.;;! %bimaurnbpiardtcanG dn#5 ta teb hanhbrn aj ecs yaunbr mratebr bm5 eds dppravb#

teb sdib aj .* fciican ebhtdrbs aj sbd1mb# ajj teb bdst hadst aj "iarc#d jar

b>piardtcan dn# #rciicn. +eb rbsc#bnts aj "iarc#d vdiub teb mbduty aj tebcr

hadstdi drbds dn# #a nat wdnt farb aci rcs tebrb. bm Muse5 hanhbrnb# tedt

Jjbw atebr cssubs sa hafpibtbiy unctb "iarc#dnsG5 wratb d ibttbr ta ecs ai#br

mratebr5 b>pidcncn tedt J"iarc#d


43/475


,fbrchdns dn# Ecspdnchsans aj bstbrn $urapbdn dn# Mrctcse arccn. $vbry

,fbrchdn Prbsc#bnt sa jdr eds mbianb# ta tecs raup5 dn# bvbry ,fbrchdn

prbsc#bnt eds mbbn fdib. ,ii mut aen ". Obnnb#y edvb mbbn Pratbstdnt

3ercstcdns (Obnnb#y wds d 3dteaich). %dny edvb disa mbbn "rbbfdsans5 dn

un#csputb# jdht tedt eds ecstarchdi scncjchdnhb ta teb ecstary aj bubnchs5

sidvbry dn# bnahc#b N cn teb R, dn# disa cn ,ustrdicd5 aute ,jrchd5 aute

,fbrchd dn# ,scd.

*'



44/475


=/# [B *[B D,X[]D'*D 4A'*H%& B,-BN*HX DNK

-BNAH*KB

-t cs bnbrdiiy suppasb# tedt teb ectb ,ustrdicd paichy wds cnstctutb# cn teb

!=8;s prcfdrciy ta prbvbnt teb b>piactdtcan aj ai# my 3ecnbsb fcnbrs (wea

wbrb disa ajtbn Jcn#bnturb#G ar atebrwcsb bnsidvb#) dttrdhtb#5 iclb teb

Mrctcse5 ta teb eub jcn#s. ,natebr passcmib fatcvb jar tebsb #cshrcfcndtary

idws5 teaue5 wds ta prbvbnt jrbb# midhl sidvbs jraf hafcn ta ,ustrdicdjraf ,fbrchd5 webrb d scfuitdnbaus ai# ruse wds ahhurrcn cn 3dicjarncd.

Mdschdiiy5 teb Mrctcse haiancsts wea bstdmicseb# tawns5 dn# idtbr

JstdtbsG5 cn ,ustrdicd #c# nat iclb JmidhlsG5 webrbvbr teby hdfb jraf. +eby

rbdr#b# tebf ds d weaib ds #crty5 #cseanbst dn# atebrwcsb cnjbrcar. +ecs

rdhcst ibdhy mbdn mbjarb teb ajjchcdi jaun#cn aj teb Jbubnchs favbfbntG

cn ,ustrdicd5 mut pravc#b# jbrtcib raun# jar teb prbHu#chb# #ahtrcnbs aj

Jsurvcvdi aj teb rchebstG ta raw.

"raf %dnncn 3idrl


45/475


J+eb aniy #afbstch dncfdi teby edvb cs teb #a5 weche cn tebcr

idnudb cs hdiib# cna5 dn# d aa# #bdi rbsbfmibs teb ja> #a aj

$nidn#. +ebsb dncfdis drb bCudiiy sey aj us5 dn# dttdheb# ta teb

ndtcvbs. Knb aj tebf cs naw cn teb passbsscan aj teb 6avbrnar5 dn#

taibrdmiy wbii rbhanhcib# ta ecs nbw fdstbr. ,s teb -n#cdns sbb teb

#csiclb aj teb #as ta us5 teby drb safbtcfbs fcshecbvaus bnaue ta

sbt tebf an scnib pbrsans weaf teby hednhb ta fbbt cn teb waa#s. ,

suriy jbiiaw wds anb #dy aut seaatcn5 webn teb ndtcvbs dttbfptb# ta

#cvbrt tebfsbivbs cn tecs fdnnbr dt ecs b>pbnsb. +eb fdn marb teb

tbdscn dn# ndwcn aj teb #a dt ecs ebbis jar safb tcfb5 mut

dpprbebn#cn dt ibnte5 tedt ecs pdtcbnhb fcet bfmai#bn tebf ta usb

stcii jurtebr icmbrtcbs5 eb turnb# raun# dn# seat paar cna #bd# an teb

spat? teb awnbrs aj ecf sbt ajj wcte teb utfast b>pb#ctcanG. (p.:)

,s jar teb ,marccndi pbapib wea Jawnb#G teb cnas5 +bnhe cs farb

cntbrbstb# cn tebcr slcn haiaur tedn tebcr huiturb5 idnudb ar bnucnb fatcvbs

cn Jsbttcn tebcr #asG an teb cntru#brs dn# cnvd#brs?

J+ebcr haiaur5 %r. 3aal ]3dptdcn dfbs 3aalX cs cnhicnb# ta tecnl

rdtebr d #bbp heahaidtb5 tedn dn dmsaiutb midhl5 teaue eb hanjbssbs5

teby edvb teb dppbdrdnhb aj teb idttbr5 weche eb dttrcmutbs ta teb

rbdsy jcite tebcr slcns drb iad#b# wcte. Kj tebcr wdnt aj hibdnicnbss

wb edvb ed# sujjchcbnt praajs5 mut - df aj apcncan tedt dii teb wdsecn

cn teb wari# waui# nat rbn#br tebf twa #brbbs ibss midhl tedn dn

,jrchdn nbra. ,t safb aj aur jcrst cntbrvcbws5 wb ed# sbvbrdi #raii

cnstdnhbs aj tebcr fcstdlcn teb ,jrchdns wb mrauet wcte us jar tebcr

awn hauntryfbn.G (p.:;)

lcn haiaur cs5 iclb miaa# raup5 dn# fdny peyschdi dttrcmutbs5 bnbtchdiiy

#btbrfcnb#5 mut tecs waui# nat edvb mbbn lnawn my 3dptdcn +bnhe ar

3dptdcn 3aal5 scnhb teb hanhbpt aj JbnbsG ed# nat ybt mbbn biuhc#dtb#5

eawbvbr hanhbpts aj cnebrctb# trdcts tedt run Jcn teb miaa#G drb teausdn#s aj

ybdrs ai#. +ebsb edvb mbbn dssahcdtb# wcte vdrcaus sahcdi dn# paictchdi

paichcbs cn fdny pdrts aj teb wari#5 cn weche teb supbrcar pidhb aj ruicn

*4



46/475


bictbs (dn# bictb miaa# icnbs) eds mbbn Hustcjcb# my drufbnts tedt teby drb

ndturdiiy farb #bsbrvcn dn# teus #bstcnb# ta #afcndtb teb Jiawbr hidssbsG.

+eby cnhiu#b teb hdstb systbf cn -n#cd5 ds wbii ds teb Jjbu#di stdtbsG aj

dnhcbnt 3ecnd5 dpdn5 ,jrchd5 $urapb dn# ,scd. +eb prbHu#chbs tedt icb mbecn#

suhe ecbrdrhecbs5 diteaue wc#bsprbd# dn# bn#urcn5 edvb nat mbbn d

umcCuctaus jbdturb aj eufdn sahcbty5 dn# fdny pbapib cn fa#brn ds wbii ds

dnhcbnt sahcbtcbs edvb mbbn jun#dfbntdiiy unprbHu#chb#5 bdictdrcdn5 dn#

rbspbhtjui aj atebr idn#s5 huiturbs dn# pbapib.

+a#dy tebrb drb jbw ,marccnbs icvcn cn %bimaurnb dn# teb #bnsbiy

papuidtb# sautebdst aj ,ustrdicd. +ecs cs mbhdusb avbr teb pdst twa eun#rb#

ybdrs fast aj teb cn#cbnaus pbapib wea icvb# cn tecs drbd edvb mbbn #rcvbn

dwdy5 pacsanb#5 euntb# ar iahlb# up. Bbt jar teausdn#s aj ybdrs nufbraus

jdfcicbs aj ,marccndi pbapib ed# icvb# cn teb jbrtcib5 jarbstb# drbds aj wedt

wb naw hdii autebrn JIchtarcdG. +ecs drbd5 pdrt aj d fdsscvb vaihdnch pidtb5

pravc#b# d mauntcjui suppiy aj jaa#5 jrbse wdtbr5 dhhbss ta teb sbd

(hantdcncn jcse dn# sebiijcse) dn# atebr ndturdiiy ahhurrcn nbhbssctcbs jar d

ian5 edppy5 ebditey icjb. aute1$dstbrn ,ustrdicd dn# +dsfdncd disa

hantdcnb# safb aj teb fast fdncjchbnt jarbsts cn teb wari#5 hantdcncn teb

wari#piact.

+eb trbdtfbnt aj cn#cbnaus pbapib cn ,ustrdicd my Mrctcse haiancsts cs wbii

suffdrcsb# my teb Haurndicst tudrt 9cntaui cn teb cntra#uhtcan aj ecs !::'

maal [eb Wdcicng# D .dtcandi %idhl Ardi &cstary?

J+eb twbntcbte hbntury wds na ibss mrutdi. ,jtbr teb lciicns aj teb

bcetbbnte dn# ncnbtbbnte hbnturcbs hdfb farb vcaibnhb5 farb dmusb5

cfprcsanfbnt5 eufcicdtcan5 d ratbsCub diibry aj idws weche #bncb#

cn#cbnaus pbapib tebcr jun#dfbntdi eufdn rcets. +eb fcsscandrcbs

*8



47/475


dvb tebf d edvbn jraf teb muiibts aj teb paichb dn# teb wectb

idn#awnbrs


48/475


JdsyiufsG5 JeaspctdisG5 JprcsansG5 J#btbntcan hbntrbsG dn# Jdmarccndi

hafpaun#sG.

-n D Xbhrbt Hauntry5 aen Pcibr #bshrcmbs han#ctcans cn dn Jdmarccndi

rbsbrvbG ndfb# teb Jdntd +brbsd %csscanG cn teb !:8;s?

J,maut terbb eun#rb# ,marccndi pbapib icvb# cn teb hdfp5 cn #bd#

hdrs dn# un#br sebitbrs aj ibdvbs dn# nbwspdpbrs stcjj wcte jicbs dn#

wedt jicbs ed# ibjt. +eb wectb d#fcncstrdtar ed# hafpibtb dutearcty

avbr tebcr icvbs. Eb haui# #cvc#b jdfcicbs my sbn#cn traumib fdlbrs<

cnta teb muse dn# heci#rbn ta eafbs< cn teb hctcbs jraf weche teby

waui# nbvbr rbturn. ,s puncsefbnt eb haui# wcteeai# jaa# dn# wdtbr

dn# hanjcshdtb fanby dn# pbrsandi passbsscans. Ebrb ,marccnbs wbrb

mbcn pedsb# cnta sahcbty< my wdy aj dn cran seb#5 d pratatypb aj

weche wds an #cspidy mbecn# teb drmdb #ufp. +eby


49/475


dn# #c# natecnD Eaw fdny rbpartbrs lnbw dn# wratb natecnD Eaw

fdny b#ctars ed# dn unwrcttbn paichy an ,mas< dn# waui# pumicse

natecn tedt hdst #aumt an teb rdhcdi dn# fardi supbrcarcty aj teb

fdHarctyD

J+eb prbss5 - ajtbn ebdr# ct drub#5 haui# nat pumicse rufaurspidcnb# #bdtes cn paichb dn# prcsan

hbiis scnhb !:=;. $vbry jbw wbbls ybt dnatebr #bdte cs d##b# ta teb

icst. -j wectb pbapib wbrb #ycn cn d scfcidr rdtca5 teb #bdte taii waui#

mb =5;;; cn bcet ybdrs. ,s ,ustrdicdn avbrnfbnts aj teb !:=;s edvb

hidcfb# teb fardi rcet ta hbnsurb aute ,jrchd5 teb rdtb aj

cfprcsanfbnt aj midhls cn ,ustrdicd eds rcsbn ta dt ibdst ds ece d ibvbi

ds cn aute ,jrchd dn# teb rdtb aj #bdtes cn husta#y cs tecrtbbn tcfbs

ecebr tedn cn aute ,jrchd.G (p.*')

Pcibr pacnts aut tedt fdny aj tebsb #bdtes drb dttrcmutb# my paichb ta

Jsuchc#bG5 webn ct cs wds hibdriy wcteaut fatcvb ar fbdns. +eb dppdiicn

rdtb aj cnhdrhbrdtcan aj ,marccndi pbapib5 dn# teb trcvcdi rbdsans jar suhe

cnhdrhbrdtcan5 wbrb teb hdusb aj pumich autrdb idst ybdr webn ybt dnatebr

yaun dmarccnb #cb# cn husta#y5 tecs tcfb d jcjtbbn1ybdr1ai# may cn d drwcn

prcsan. Ecs hrcfb wds tebjt aj safb stdtcandry dn# pbns5 warte5 dhhar#cn ta

teb Dgb rbpart aj !!..;;;5 :; #aiidrs (idtbr rbparts hidcfb# 4;.;; aj

+b>tds dn# pbns aniy). Eb wbnt ta Hdci mbhdusb aj Jfdn#dtary sbntbnhcn

idwsG cn pidhb cn teb artebrn +brrctary dn# bstbrn ,ustrdicd (tedt edppbn

ta mb eafb ta teb idrbst prapartcan aj dmarccnbs cn ,ustrdicd ta#dy). Eb

ed# jcvb #dys ta a mbjarb rbibdsb5 dn# wds dn arpedn jraf 6raatb $yidn#t

wea spalb icttib $nicse. +eb #crbhtar aj teb %ctwdHi ,marccndi brvchb5 %r

biwyn Edusfdn5 wea ed# vcsctb# teb may cn Hdci5 sdc# tedt teb heci# ed# Jna

hanhbpt aj teb rbcfb tedt cnhdrhbrdtb# ecfG5 dn# tedt eb Jwds #cstrbssb# dn#

wdntb# ta ibdvb tebrbG. +eb artebrn +brrctary


50/475


Murlb5 eawbvbr hidcfb# tedt Jct wds d icb ta hannbht teb maycmcictcbs5 pdrtchuidriy ds jdr

ds yaun pbapib drb hanhbrnb#.G

4;



51/475


bvbrtebibss5 prafcnbnt ,ustrdicdn ibdi jcurbs edvb (unhedrdhtbrcstchdiiy)

mbbn vahdi dmaut teb nbb# jar dmaictcan aj teb fdn#dtary sbntbnhcn idws aj

teb artebrn +brrctary dn# bstbrn ,ustrdicd. r ciicdf ands5

3affcsscanbr jar ,marccndi dn# +arrbs trdct -sidn#br ahcdi ustchb dt teb

Eufdn 9cets dn# $Cudi Kppartuncty 3affcsscan wratb5 cn teb Dustrdicdn5

an !8..;;;?

J9brbttdmiy5 tecs #bdte cs nat dn dmbrrdtcan. +eb 9aydi

3affcsscan cnta ,marccndi bdtes cn 3usta#y rbpartb# cn !::! tedt

cn teb prbvcaus #bhd#b tebrb ed# mbbn dn dppdiicn :: suhe #bdtes. -n

teb !::;s teb jcurb rasb ta !*0&9brbttdmiy5 dutearctcbs cn ,ustrdicd

edvb lnawn jar ybdrs tedt cn#cbnaus pbapib drb vdstiy avbr1

rbprbsbntb# cn teb Huvbncib Hustchb dn# hrcfcndi Hustchb systbfs. +eby

edvb lnawn jar ybdrs tedt teb hdusbs drb systbfch5 raatb# #bbp cn d

ecstary aj #cshrcfcndtcan dn# #csd#vdntdb5 aj bhanafch #bprcvdtcan

dn# sahcdi #csruptcan.

J+eb hannbhtcan mbtwbbn rdhb dn# Hdci eds mbbn haffan cn

cn#cbnaus cssubs jar safb ; ybdrs. +eb 9aydi 3affcsscan cnta

,marccndi bdtes cn 3usta#y rbhaffbn#b# tedt stdtb dn# tbrrctary

idws dn# paichcbs seaui# ajjbr ditbrndtcvbs ta cnhdrhbrdtcan webrbvbr

passcmib. Prcsan seaui# mb d idst rbsart. +eb !::0 dtcandi -nCucry

cnta teb bpdrdtcan aj ,marccndi dn# +arrbs trdct -sidn#br heci#rbn

jraf +ebcr "dfcicbs b>pasb# teb trdufdtch hansbCubnhbs aj

sbpdrdtcan. -nhdrhbrdtcan5 an teb shdib naw b>pbrcbnhb# my aur

cn#cbnaus haffunctcbs5 cs sbpdrdtcan un#br d nbw ucsb.

J%dn#dtary sbntbnhcn5 cntra#uhb# cn bstbrn ,ustrdicd cn !::8

dn# cn teb artebrn +brrctary cn !::05 eds fd#b d md# sctudtcan warsb.

J+eb ibcsidtcan cs edvcn d pdrtchuidriy #bvdstdtcn cfpdht an

cn#cbnaus yaute. ,marccndi heci#rbn dhhauntb# jar =; pbr hbnt aj teb

Jterbb strclbsG hdsbs cn teb 3eci#rbn


52/475


J+eb ibcsidtcan jarhbs haurts ta edn# #awn fcncfuf sbntbnhbs

jar fcnar prapbrty ajjbnhbs suhe ds tebjt (crrbspbhtcvb aj teb vdiub aj

teb prapbrty)5 unidwjui bntry ta muci#cns5 unidwjui usb aj d fatar

vbechib (webtebr ds pdssbnbr ar #rcvbr)5 dn# rbhbcvcn staibn aa#s

(ddcn5 rbdr#ibss aj vdiub). +eb haurttbnudtcn hcrhufstdnhbs eds mbbn dmaicseb#5 dn# tebrb cs na rcet aj

dppbdi.

JEaw #abs tecs trdnsidtb cnta prdhtchbD , *1ybdr1ai# cn#cbnaus

fatebr wea rbhbcvb# d staibn hdn aj mbbr warte .4;5 dn# dn !=1

ybdr1ai# fdn wea staib d hcdrbttb icetbr dn# tebn ambyb# ecs jdtebr

dn# d#fcttb# ct ta teb paichb5 wbrb bdhe cfprcsanb# jar !* #dys. , !41

ybdr1ai# ,marccndi may wea mralb d wcn#aw djtbr ebdrcn dmaut teb

suchc#b aj d hiasb jrcbn# wds sbntbnhb# un#br fdn#dtary #btbntcan jar

#dfdcn prapbrty5 tebn eb dttbfptb# suchc#b. ,t safb ibvbi aj

huipdmcicty5 teb ibcsidtcan trdnsidtbs cnta teb idtbst #bdte.G

+eb pumich wbrb cvbn safb spdhb cn Jibttbrs ta teb b#ctarG my teb %ur#ahe

prbss ta b>prbss tebcr dnbr dt fdn#dtary sbntbnhcn. Kn !8..;;;5 teb

Dustrdicdn hantdcnb# sbvbrdi ibttbrs5 cnhiu#cn anb jraf +an1+edt 2uyne1u

aj ,3+?

Jecib - eapb tedt teb jb#brdi 6avbrnfbnt wcii mb pbrsud#b# ta

avbrrc#b teb + fdn#dtary sbntbnhcn idws5 - df nat eai#cn fy

mrbdte.

Jbt us nat jarbt tedt %r ednb tanb5 teb arccndi cnstcdtar dn#

prcfb drhectbht aj teasb idws5 cs teb jb#brdi prbsc#bnt aj teb cmbrdi

Pdrty.

J,n# ct wds Prcfb %cncstbr Eawdr# wea mrauet ecf ta teb

jb#brdi prbsc#bnhy&G

-dn bffbi aj 2ubbnsidn# wratb?

J- wan#br eaw fdny stdtb dn# tbrrctary fbfmbrs aj pdricdfbnt

haui# stdn# up dn# eanbstiy sdy tedt teby edvb nbvbr staibn dnytecnD

4



53/475


Jbvbr pcnheb# dnytecn jraf d seap webn teby wbrb yaun5

nbvbr tdlbn pbns ar +b>tds eafb jraf teb ajjchb dn# cvbn tebf ta teb

lc#s5 ar nbvbr lbpt dny fanby teby jaun#.

J+eb #bdte aj aenna cn teb artebrn +brrctary wds nat d trdch

dhhc#bnt. Eb #cb# ds d #crbht rbsuit aj teb #bicmbrdtb dhtcans aj teb

artebrn +brrctary d#fcncstrdtcan. ,nyanb wea rbfdcns scibnt sedrbs

teb ucit.G

Mdrry +eafsan jraf bw aute dibs wratb?

J-t waui# mb d mct prbfdturb jar aen Eawdr# ta sdy sarry ta teb

staibn heci#rbn. Ecs fdtbs cn drwcn drb stcii dt ct.G

+wa #dys idtbr5 an "rc#dy5 !=te "bmrudry5 farb autrdb# ibttbrs wbrb prcntb#

cn teb Dustrdicdn. 3edribs Ebr#y5 aj bw aute dibs seawb# d rbdtbr

dwdrbnbss aj ,ustrdicdn ecstary tedn aur sa1hdiib# Jpaictchdi ibd#brsG webn

eb wratb?

J, fdn cn teb artebrn +brrctary eds mbbn sbntbnhb# ta d ybdr


54/475


secppb# ta teb atebr sc#b aj teb $drte ds puncsefbnt jar hrcfbs suhe ds

stbdicn mrbd#.G

3an Idctsds5 aj 2ubbnsidn# dslb# d rebtarchdi Cubstcan?

J-j d fdn hdn mb sbnt ta Hdci jar stbdicn d pdhlbt aj mcshucts wey

drb na paictchcdns idnucsecn cn Hdci jar fcsuscn tebcr trdvbi

diiawdnhbDG

dvc# Pbbt7 aj 2ubbnsidn# b>prbssb# ecs cn#cndtcan?

JRnHust. Ebdrtibss. auiibss. 3ynchdi. Kppartuncst. -nardnt. afb

war#s hdn #bshrcmb teb idws tedt bCudtb d ybdr aj d fdnpbhtdtcans aj safb5 teb R

hecbj #c# nat rdcsb teb fdttbr aj teb autrdbaus nufmbr aj dmarccndi pbapib

cn ,ustrdicdn Hdcis ar teb nufmbr wea #cb tebrb5 wcte %r Murlb (dhhar#cn ta

sumsbCubnt prbss rbparts). Eb #c# nat sbbl bvc#bnhb ta mdhl hidcfs tedt

tdtb1sdnhtcanb# fur#brs drb rautcnbiy #csfcssb# ds suchc#bs< cn ,ustrdicd5

dn# tedt fdny atebrs drb #bshrcmb# ds dhhc#bnts


55/475


eb ed# nat mbbn cnjarfb# dmaut. Eb #c# nat cnvbstcdtb hidcfs aj mcaiachdi

wdrjdrb dn# hebfchdi wdrjdrb arccndtcn cn ,ustrdicd ar #ru wdrjdrb mbcn

cnstctutb# ddcnst ,ustrdicdn pbapib. Eb #c# nat dsl unhafjartdmib Cubstcans

dmaut harruptcan cn ,ustrdicdn paictchs5 fb#chcnb dn# idw. Eb waui# edvb nat

mbbn cvbn trutejui dnswbrs bvbn cj eb ed# dslb# suhe Cubstcans5 mut teby

wbrb Jnat an teb dbn#dG.

%r ,nndn


56/475


mbbn #bncb# my bvbry avbrnfbnt cn teb hauntry jar ;; ybdrs. +arturb dn#

tbrrarcsf aj ,marccnbs (ar dnyanb bisb) my teb vdrcaus tdtb dn# "b#brdi

avbrnfbnts edvb disa mbbn #bncb# ds wbii ds drmctrdry cfprcsanfbnt my

avbrnfbnt jarhbs (suhe ds teb paichb5 psyhecdtrch sbrvchbs dn# prcsan

systbf). Mut surbiy5 cvbn teb wbii1bstdmicseb# hansbCubnhb aj csaidtcan5

saictdry puncsefbnt5 stcfdtcsdtcan dn# #cspassbsscan ds ahhurs

systbfdtchdiiy teraue teb prahbss aj mbcn Jjaun# ucityG dn# Jsbnt ta

prcsanG5 rbsuitcn cn #bprbsscan dn# suchc#b5 avbrnfbntdi dn# Hu#chcdi

haiiuscan cn d fur#braus rbcfb seaui# mb hansc#brb#. $vbn wcteaut teb

d##b# jdhtars aj systbfdtch edrrdssfbnt dn# muiiycn ]dn# fur#brX my wectb

paichb aj yaun midhl Jajjbn#brsG5 ct cs hibdr tedt Jfdn#dtary sbntbnhcnG

idws cn ,ustrdicd drb farb tedn #bsbrvcn aj cntbrndtcandi han#bfndtcan.

-n d##ctcan ta #crbht vcaibnt fur#br5 ,marccndi pbapib edvb mbbn sumHbht ta

fdss1fur#br my wcteeai#cn rbd#ciy dvdcidmib fb#chdi hdrb5 weche wds

jrbbiy dvdcidmib ta wectbs dt teb tcfb. ,n b>dfpib aj fdss1fur#br my

cnhdrhbrdtcan5 nbibht dn# #bprcvdtcan aj fb#chdi hdrb jraf teb twbntcbte

hbntury cs cvbn my 9cntaui cn teb cntra#uhtcan aj [eb Wdcicng ?

J+ebrb wbrb spbhcdi ,marccndi prcsans5 tebrb wbrb teb cnjdfaus

iahl easpctdis< an arrb dn# Mbrncbr csidn#s webrb cn#cbnaus pbapib

sujjbrcn jraf vbnbrbdi #csbdsbs dn# atebr hantdcaus han#ctcans wbrb

cnhdrhbrdtb#5 weche teb fcsscandry dcsy Mdtbs hdiib# teb -sibs aj teb

bd#


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hedcnb# ta pasts cn ct my teb ib dn# teby ed# mbbn tebrb jar ybdrs iclb

tedt. +ebrb wds na trbdtfbnt jar tebf&


58/475


ibd# my shcbntcsts wea hidcfb# ebr hrdncuf sc7b wds farb iclb dn

dpb


59/475


fur#brb#. +eb twa paichbfbn wea ib# teb pdrty drb put an trcdi5 ta teb

autrdb aj teb wectb papuidtcan weche sbts up d jun# ta fbbt tebcr

ibdi hasts. +eb paichb drb jaun# ta edvb dhtb# cn sbij1#bjbnhb5

dhCucttb# dn# prafatb# aut aj teb #cstrcht. 6rcmmib ed# jcrst mbbn fd#b

dwdrb aj teb fur#brs my paichb dn# stahlfbn cn !:5 webn eb wds

tai# my ,marccndi pbapib teb hauntry dii stcnl jraf teb #bd#

jbiiaws


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$vbn ta#dy fast ,marccndi pbapib drb trdppb#5 fdcniy #ub ta bhanafch dn#

sahcdi rbdsans (rdtebr tedn my idw)5 wctecn JrbsbrvbsG5 JstdtcansG dn#

JfcsscansG webrb teby drb #bprcvb# aj teb mdsch nbhbssctcbs jar ebdite? hibdn

wdtbr5 jrbse jructs dn# vbbtdmibs dn# sdjb5 eycbnch eauscn. -n tebsb

stdtcans


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wbrb pdrbnts jraf heci#rbn5 dn# teasb sedrcn icnucstch5 bardpechdi ar

jdfcicdi mdhlraun# wbrb trdnspartb# ta #cjjbrbnt fcsscans5 bspbhcdiiy cj

Hu#b# ds patbntcdi JtraumibfdlbrsG.

+eb ,marccndi ecstarcdn +any Mcrhe wrctbs5 aj sbpdrdtcan dn# JdsscfcidtcanG

paichcbs cn teb sautebrn tdtb aj Ichtarcd?

J, ibcsidtcvbiy sdnhtcanb# rdhcdi hdtbary aj edij1hdstb< wds

bstdmicseb# my teb Ichtarcdn 6avbrnfbnt teraue teb !==8 ,marccnbs

,ht. +ecs ,ht sauet ta hafmdt teb vctdicty dn# rbHuvbndtcan aj fdny

Oaarc haffunctcbs ]Oaarc cs teb ndfb usb# my Ichtarcdn dn# atebr

saute1bdstbrn ,marccndi pbapib ta rbjbr ta tebfsbivbsX. +eb edij1

hdstb dht< ibctcfcsb# teb jarhb# sbpdrdtcan aj Oaarc jdfcicbs. -n

hanHunhtcan wcte teb ibcsidtcan5 d #cshaursb aj hantrdstcn rbdi<

,marccnbs wcte teb edij1hdstb< mbhdfb d prb1ahhupdtcan jar wectb

,ustrdicd ]dn# jar ,fbrchdn dn# Mrctcse bubncsts5 dt prbhcsbiy teb

sdfb tcfbX.

Jbw saiutcans5 cnhiu#cn teb 3affanwbdite


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hediibnb eb cnjichtb# an teb ,marccndi pbapib aj ,ustrdicd wcte ecs

Jdsscfcidtcan paichyG5 weche wds hibdriy mdsb# an nbdtcvb bubnch

strdtbcbs ds bspausb# my teb $ubnchs $#uhdtcan ahcbty ebd#b# my

bandr# drwcn cn teb Jfatebr hauntryG. +eb dutears aj D ,idhb Dpdrt 5

Prajbssar aen Payntbr (prajbssar aj Ecstary) dn# r 3draiyn 9dsfussbn

(9bsbdrhe ,ssahcdtb cn teb bpdtfbnt aj Ecstary) aj teb Rncvbrscty aj

%bimaurnb jdci ta fbntcan teb paictchdi dhtcvctcbs aj Mdi#wcn pbnhbr dt dii N

dn# teb sbpdrdtcan dn# #cspassbsscan aj ,marccndi pbapib cs hbrtdcniy d

paictchdi dht. +eb dppacntfbnt aj J3ecbj Pratbhtar aj ,marccnbsG cs

amvcausiy d paictchdi dppacntfbnt5 rdtebr tedn dn dhd#bfch anb. +eb rbd#br

jcn#s na hiubs cn tecs JecstaryG aj teb Rncvbrscty aj %bimaurnb ds ta teb hrubi

tebarcbs dn# prdhtchbs aj cr Mdi#wcn pbnhbr. -nstbd#5 wb rbd#?

JMy rbdt aa# jartunb5 teb bdriy dppacntfbnts aj cr +eafds

yib5 cr dvc# Krfb %dssan dn# cr ditbr Mdi#wcn pbnhbr ed#

bstdmicseb# stdn#dr#s aj shcbntcjch sheaidrsecp aj cntbrndtcandi

Cudicty&G (p.8;)

ebn Mdi#wcn pbnhbr bstdmicseb# teb jcrst #bpdrtfbnt dnterapaiay dt teb

Rncvbrscty aj %bimaurnb5 teb dhd#bfch systbf cn dii ,ustrdicdn Rncvbrsctcbs

wds fa#biib# an teasb dt K>jar# dn# 3dfmrc#b5 mut bspbhcdiiy dt

3dfmrc#b N teb eafb aj bubnchs. +eb Rncvbrscty aj %bimaurnb cs5 cn jdht5

jarfdiiy djjcicdtb# wcte 3dfmrc#b Rncvbrscty ta tecs #dy. pbnhbr mbhdfb

Prbsc#bnt aj teb %bimaurnb Rncvbrscty Prajbssarcdi Madr#5 d pasctcan tedt

fd#b ecf Jebd# aj teb cntbrndi aicdrheyG aj teb uncvbrscty (Payntbr5

9dsfussbn5 !::05 p.8). +ecs fbdnt tedt bubnchs5 weche un#brpcnnb# teb

bntcrb #cshcpicnb aj dnteapaiayhiu#cn teb wbst


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Jece drt sheaaisG eun cn teb dtcandi 6diibry5 wecib ,marccndi drt wds

rbibdtb# ta fusbufs ds Jdrtcjdhts aj d #ycn rdhbG.

+eb Jdsscfcidtcan paichyG wds d jarfdiiy dn# ajjchcdiiy dhhbptb# avbrnfbnt

paichy5 dn# wds mdsb# an teb prbsufptcan tedt Jteb ,ustrdicdn ,marccnb

mbianb# ta d #ycn rdhbG. +eb b>pbrts an rdhb tebary wbrb dnterapaiacsts.

,ii teb prafcnbnt dnterapaiay prajbssars aj Mdi#wcn pbnhbr

8/19/2019 Eugenics and Genocide in the Modern World, part 2 by Dr Romesh Arya Chak

Eugenics and Genocide in the Modern World, part 2 by Dr Romesh Arya Chakravarti (MD)

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Transcript of Eugenics and Genocide in the Modern World, part 2 by Dr Romesh Arya Chakravarti (MD)