EU-UN Cooperation in the field of Crisis Management THE UNITED NATIONS IN A TURBULENT WORLD 70 years...
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Transcript of EU-UN Cooperation in the field of Crisis Management THE UNITED NATIONS IN A TURBULENT WORLD 70 years...
EU-UN Cooperation in the field of Crisis Management
THE UNITED NATIONS IN A TURBULENT WORLD70 years in building peace and security
NUPS Mobile Academy, Budapest 06 MAY 2015
Bgen Gabor HORVATH CDR, HDF 25th INF BDE,
The briefer:
- 2003-2006 – Deputy Military Representative of Hungary to the EU Military Committee (Brussels)
- 2006-2007 – Head of the NATO Permanent Liaison Team to the EU Military Staff (EUMS) (EUMS, NATO HQ, SHAPE, Brussels-Mons)
- 2007-2008 – Principal Staff Officer to the HUN Chief of Defence, responsible for multilateral military cooperation (Budapest)
- 2009-2011 – Director, Concepts and Capabilities Development, EU Military Staff (EUMS, Brussels)
In the end of 2011, 24 EU Member States contributed with407 police, 222 observers and 6312 military troops
to UN peacekeeping operations, thus providing 7,02% of UN PK troop contribution
but more interestingly, at the same time the EU Member States provided
40,7% of the UN peacekeeping budget
even more interestingly, the EU MS troop contribution(6943 personnel out of 98 829 including all involved in 15 UN PKOs)
to the 5 UN PKOs in Africawere only 204 EU MS personnel out of the 70 308 UN
personnel deployed (0,29%).
In Medias Res…
History of EU-UN relationship in the field of Global Security;
From Political Declarations, Expectations, Aspirations,to Field Cooperation
Theoretical Scenarios and Models of Cooperation
What Future holds
Agenda
History of EU-UN relationship
September 2003 Joint Declaration on UN-EU Cooperation in Crisis Management
June 2007Joint Statement on UN-EU cooperation in Crisis Management
December 2003EU Security Strategy (ESS)
December 2008Follow-up to the European Security Strategy (ESS)
European Council of Nice (2000)
June 2001European Summit of Gothenburg
October 2000 UN Secretary-General and the EU High Representative regular meetings start
June 2001EU General Affairs Council defined three themes of cooperation (conflict prevention, crisis management and regional issues),
Political Declarations
Joint Declaration on UN-EU Cooperation in Crisis Managementfour areas of cooperation that should be further developed
Planning: including reciprocal assistance in assessment missions and greater contact and cooperation between mission planning units; Training: the establishment of joint training standards, procedures and planning for military and civilian personnel the synchronisation of pre-deployment training; and the institutionalisation of training seminars, conferences and exercises; Communication: greater cooperation between situation centres; exchange of liaison officers whenever required establishment of desk-to-desk dialogue through the respective liaison offices in New York and Brussels;
Best practices: regular and systematic exchange of lessons learned and best practices information, including information on mission hand-over and procurement
Political Declarations
Joint Declaration on UN-EU Cooperation in Crisis Management
A mechanism for consultations: the Steering Committee
between the Department for Peacekeeping Operations(DPKO) and the Department for Political Affairs (DPA) of the UN Secretariat, and the structures of the EU (General Council Secretariat, including the EU Military Staff, and the Commission, now the EEAS)
The Steering Committee usually meets twice a year.
This does not prevent the Head of DPKO from regularly briefing the EU Political and Security Committee (PSC)on operations where both organisations are involved, and the EU High Representative – now the High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy of the European Union – from doing the same in front of the Security Council.
Political Declarations
EU principles and prerequisitesfor participating in crisis management and for putting its civilian and military instruments at the
disposal of other organisations.
The EU will retain through the PSC the political control and strategic direction of any of its operations; Such cooperation will take place on a case-by-case basis; There would be no automatic involvement; The EU does not constitute a pool of forces but can only intervene by conducting specific missions or operations, and there would be no earmarked forces to any stand-by arrangements
Expectations and Aspirations
UN:
Following its agenda towards the creation of an effective multilateralism;
Alleviating the burden on its institutions caused by the increasing demands for crisis management (finding „implementers”, instead of „sub-contractors”);
Finding solutions to some strategic and operational shortfalls, to include the planning and to reach a shorter reaction time;
Finding solutions to some chronically missing peacekeeping capabilities, especially in the area of operational enablers;
EU:
Providing a global visibility to the CFSP/ESDP, thus fulfilling the ambitions set forth in the ESS;
Making value of the existing comprehensive crisis management capabilities;
Creating a strong legitimacy in the field of Crisis Management for the EU;
Following the agenda of a number of Member States, traditionally involved in multinational peacekeeping; but also adding value to some national foreign policy interests for others;
Reinforcing the EU positions within the UN and in its peacekeeping instances;
Field Cooperation
Until 2007: Reinforcing and bridging2003 – CONCORDIA (under UN mandate, based on Berlin+)2003 – ARTEMIS (by specific UN request to assist MONUC)2003 – EUPM BiH (taking over from UNBiH)2004 – ALTHEA (taking over under UN mandate from NATO SFOR)2006 – EUFOR RD CONGO (reinforcement of MONUC)
Since 2007: „Parallel Missions” (little cooperation)EUPOL – UNAMA (Afghanistan)EUSEC RD CONGO and EUPOL RD CONGO – MONUSCO (RDC)EUNAVFOR ATALANTA – UNPOS (Somalia)
Some more positive examplesEULEX – UNMIK (Kosovo)EUFOR CHAD/RCA – MINURCAT (Chad, RCA)
Return toPolitical Declarations
Joint Declaration on UN-EU Cooperation in Crisis Managementfour areas of cooperation that should be further developed
Planning: including reciprocal assistance in assessment missions and greater contact and cooperation between mission planning units; Training: the establishment of joint training standards, procedures and planning for military and civilian personnel the synchronisation of pre-deployment training; and the institutionalisation of training seminars, conferences and exercises; Communication: greater cooperation between situation centres; exchange of liaison officers whenever required establishment of desk-to-desk dialogue through the respective liaison offices in New York and Brussels;
Best practices: regular and systematic exchange of lessons learned and best practices information, including information on mission hand-over and procurement
Theoretical Scenarios(by Prof. Alexandra Novosseloff)
an EU operation mandated by the UN Security Council conducted with or without NATO’s assets („CONCORDIA model”)
the EU provides “a strategic reserve to a UN peacekeeping operation to strengthen its deterrent capacity, to be able to face any substantial disruption of the security situation. (EUFOR RD CONGO)
an EU-led operation, authorized by the UN Security Council, followed by a UN peacekeeping operation – (also called “INTERFET model”)
an EU-led operation in charge of the security presence, with the UN in charge of the civilian presence” – (“Kosovo model”).
the EU Political and Security Committee to play the role of a “clearing house” for UN peacekeeping operations
an EU generated force component operating under an EU Flag within a UN Force
NotesProbability
All ESDP/CSDP CMOsfollowed this model
EU ambition: addressing the crisis comprehensively
EU will not give up political control and strategic direction
No utility – UN has its own force generation process
Misunderstanding of the role of a FR OPRES Battalion during EUFOR RD CONGO – they were RES to the EU OPS, NOT the UN !
One ESDP/CSDP CMO (Aceh Monitoring Mission- AMM) followed this model
Description
Practical Modelsby Thierry Tardy
1. National contributions ex. UNIFILEU MS contribution (clearing house?)
2. Stand alone operations ex. ALTHEAUNSC mandated EU-led operation
3. Bridging model ARTEMIS, EUFOR Chad/RCAEU operations in support/reinforcementof an existing UN mission
4. Supporting model EU assistance to AMIS (Darfur)EU individuals/equipment/funds in supportof an existing UN mission
5. Modular approach no example yetUN-led mission with an EU component
6. Joint/hybrid operation no example yetUN/EU running jointly an operation
Futureof EU-UN relationship
UKRAINE, ISIS, Migration, Mediterranean, Sahel
The EU, first time during its existence is in the middle of a geopolitical power game accused (and, in fact perceived by some) as part of the conflict in UKR and
not as a neutral benefactor;
facing challenges related to a contradiction between values (security) and interests (economy) that probes its internal cohesion;
struggles with migration and the revival of national identity.
The UN, was continuously in the middle of geopolitical power games now the geopolitical poles are multi-faceted;
facing challenges of long overdue reforms;
remains, however, the only all-accepted security broker.
EU-UN Cooperation in the field of Crisis Management
THE UNITED NATIONS IN A TURBULENT WORLD70 years in building peace and security
NUPS Mobile Academy, Budapest 06 MAY 2015
Bgen Gabor HORVATH CDR, HDF 25th INF BDE,
SPARE SLIDES
OHQSHAPE
FHQEU
POLMILBXL
OHQPAR
FHQEU
POLMILBXL
OHQPOTS
FHQEU
POLMILBXL
EU military C2 in practice1. – Completed operations
EU military C2 in practice2. - Ongoing
operations and missions
OHQSHAPE
FHQEU
POLMILBXL
OHQNTW
FHQEU
POLMILBXL
MHQEU
POLMILBXL
OHQLARISSA
FHQEU
POLMILBXL
IMS
EUMS
CEUMC UNSEC
Comparison 2:EU military to NATO and UN military C2
Politico-Militarylevel
Military Strategiclevel
Military Operationallevel
Military Tacticallevel
OHQ
FHQ
CC
SC(ACO,ACT)
JFC(Brunssum, Naples)
CCs
PermanentService HQs
NAC
MC
MHQ
ComponentHeads
UNSC
SG
HoM
EU Council
PSC
deployed
deployed
Military Illustrative Scenarios 2010
Separation Of Parties by Force
SOPF
Stabilisation, Reconstruction and MA to 3rd
Countries SR
Conflict Prevention
CP
Evacuation Operation in a non-permissive
environment EO
Assistance to Humanitarian
Operations
HA - Tasks of
combat forces in crisis management
- Peacemaking
- Secure Lines of Communic-ations
- Peace Keeping
- Election monitoring
- Institution Building
- Security Sector Reform
- Support 3rd Countries in Fight against Terrorism
- Preventive
Engagement
- Preventive Deployment
- Joint Disarmament Operations
- Embargo Operations
- Counter Proliferation
Non-combatant Evacuation Operation
- Prevent
Atrocities
- Consequence Management
MilitaryStrategicLevel
MilitaryStrategicLevel
PoliticalStrategicLevel
PoliticalStrategicLevel
With recourse to NATO assets and capabilities
EU OHQat SHAPE EU OHQ
at SHAPE
COUNCIL/PSC COUNCIL/PSC
EU Ops Centre
EU Ops Centre
COUNCIL/PSC COUNCIL/PSC
autonomous
EU OHQin a national OHQmulti-nationalised
EU OHQin a national OHQmulti-nationalised
COUNCIL/PSC COUNCIL/PSC
autonomous
EU MILITARY C2 – Three Options
E U M S
EU BATTLEGROUPS CONCEPTEU BATTLEGROUPS CONCEPT
Battlegroup (approx 1500 troops)
Infantry Battalion• HQ
• HQ Company
• 3x Infantry Coy
• Fire Support
• Reconnaissance
• Combat Support
• Combat Service support
• Staff Support
Strategic Enablers
Air Sea Log Other
• Readiness of 5-10 days
• Sustainable for 30 days initial operation, extendable to 120 days
• A distance of 6000km from Brussels
• 2 concurrent single BG-size rapid
response operations
Capabilities
E U M S