Eu Coal Policy

7/31/2019 Eu Coal Policy

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Flexible and efficient coal-fired generation

in relation to EU energy policyAd Hoc Group of Experts on Cleaner ElectricityProduction from Coal and Other Fossil Fuels

8th Session

UNECE, Geneva

Brian RICKETTSSecretary-General, EURACOAL

14-15 November 2011


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EURACOAL: 35 members from 20 countriesCOALPRO - Confederation of UK Coal Producers(GBR)DEBRIV - Deutscher Braunkohlen-Industrie-Verein(DEU)GVSt - Gesamtverband Steinkohle (DEU)MMI - Mini Maritza Istok (BGR)PPC - Public Power Corporation (GRC)PPWB - Confederation of the Polish LigniteProducers (POL)ZPWGK - Polish Hard Coal Employer s Association(POL)ENEL (ITA)ZSDNP - Czech Confederation of Coal and Oil

Producers (CZE)APFCR - Coal Producers and SuppliersAssociation of Romania (ROU)BRGM - French Geological Service (FRA)CARBUNIN - Federation of Spanish CoalProducers (ESP)CoalImp - Association of UK Coal Importers (GBR)D.TEK (UKR)

EPS - Electric Power Industry of Serbia (SRB)GIG - Central Mining Research Institute (POL)HBP - Hornonitrianske bane Prievidza (SVK)

ISFTA Institute for Solid Fuels Technology &Applications (GRC)

Mtrai Kraftwerke (HUN)

PATROMIN - Federation of the Romanian Mining

Industry (ROU)Premogovnik Velenje (SVN)

RMU Banovici D.D. (BIH)

Swedish Coal Institute (SWE)

TKI - Turkish Coal Enterprises (TUR)

Ukrvuglerobotodavtsy - All-Ukrainian Coal EmployersAssociation (UKR)

Vagledobiv Bobov dol EOOD (BGR)

VDKI - Verein der Kohlenimporteure (DEU)

Coaltrans Conferences Limited (GBR)

EMAG (POL)

Finnish Coal Info (FIN)

Golder Associates (GBR)

Geocontrol (ESP)

ISSeP - Institut Scientifique de Service Public (BEL)

KOMAG (POL)

University of Nottingham (GBR)

UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 2 EURACOAL, 2011
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Finland.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Turkey.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Sweden.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Slovenia.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Hungary.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Slovakia.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Civil_Flag_of_Serbia.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ukraine.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Romania.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Poland.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Greece.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Bulgaria.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Belgium.svg


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A new publication from EURACOAL

EU hard coal production: 133 Mt

EU lignite production: 396 Mt

EU coal imports: 188 Mt

Coal and lignite are the European Unions most important energy resources.



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Global energy resources, reserves and use

lignite, 8.1%

hard coal, 69.5%

unconv. gas, 16.9%

natural gas, 1.5%

unconv. oil, 2.1%

oil, 0.7% thorium, 0.4%

uranium, 0.9%

8.1%

45.0%

0.4%

18.3%

7.0%

16.9%

1.0%3.2%

Resources21 000 Gtce

Reserves1 400 Gtce

Production16 Gtce

R/P = 87 years


source:AnnualReport201

0R

eserves,

Resourcesan

d

AvailabilityofEnergyReso

urces,

Bundesanstaltfr

GeowissenschaftenundR

ohstoffe


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Fuel sources for electricity generation, 2009EU-27: 3 178 TWh (15.8%)World: 20 055 TWh

sources: IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2011 and IEA databases

lignite 3.4%

+ hard coal 37.1%= 40.5%

other

hydro

nuclear

gas oil

lignite 10.6%

+ hard coal 16.1%

= 26.7%other

hydro

nuclear

gas

oil



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Coal-fired generation in selected countries, 2010

* 2009 data for non-OECD countries source: IEA databases



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World commercial energy use to 2030


source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2011, BP, London

Coal, oil and gas shares converge at around 25-27% in 2030 (others = 7%).


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Technologies to reduce global CO2 emissions


CCS and efficient coal-fired power generation are key future technologies.

source: Energy Technology Perspectives 2010, International Energy Agency, OECD/IEA, Paris


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Why is efficiency important?


A one percentage point (1%-age point) improvement in coal-firedpower plant efficiency would save 0.23 GtCO2 per year the total

CO2 emissions from the Netherlands and Denmark.

Best practice at all plants would save 1.7 GtCO2 per year.

The energy supply chain: energy resources to meeting consumer needs.

source: Power Generation from Coal - measuring and reporting efficiency performance and CO2emissions,OECD/IEA Coal Industry Advisory Board, Paris, 2010.


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G8 Gleneagles Summit, 2005


Scenarios & strategies aimed at a clean, clever & competitive energy future.

G8 leaders agreed to support efforts to improve theefficiency of traditionalcoal-fired power stations, through a programme of work by the IEA to identifyand promote the use of leading-edge technology and operating practice.


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IEA / CIAB report on power plant efficiency


International Energy AgencyCoal Industry Advisory Board

working group: E.ON (lead) , RWE,VGB PowerTech, EPRI, World EnergyCouncil, IEA Clean Coal Centre, FEPC,KETEP, Eskom, J Power, PolishMinistry of Economy, Rio Tinto, Suek,

Shenhua Coal, Arch Coal, Epcor,Leonardo Technologies.

Recommendations:

International database of coal-firedplant efficiency should be establishedwith non-commercial data reconciledcentrally on a consistent basis.

Global coal fleet efficiency toolidentify opportunities, future projections.


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Energy flows in a typical 500 MW power plant


source: Power Generation from Coal - measuring and reporting efficiency performanceand CO2emissions, OECD/IEA Coal Industry Advisory Board, Paris, 2010.


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Development of coal-fired power plant efficiency


source: Efficiency Improvements in coal-fired power plants, Dr. Rainer Quinkerz, IEA Workshop on Energy Efficiency and Clean CoalTechnologies, Moscow, 25-27 October 2010

Coal-fired power plant efficiency should rise above 50% in the near future.


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Specific CO2 emissions from coal-fired plants



Improving efficiency reduces CO2 emissions with certainty and at a low cost.


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CO2 emissions from coal-fired power plants


OECDChina

India

state-of-the-art

RD&D

0

500

1000

1500

2000

15% 25% 35% 45% 55%

efficiency (LHV)

gCO

2/kWh

SUBCRITICAL SUPER-

CRITICAL

ULTRA-

SUPERCRITICAL / IGCC

Chinese new build

Indian new build

fleet averages

single plants

Rich developed countries are lagging behind the emerging economies.


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Parameters that influence efficiency


Design, fuel selection and location factors:

Cooling medium temperature and system type

Fuel moisture, ash and sulphur content

Ambient temperature

Export/import of heat (cogeneration & CHP)

Use of flue gas desulphurisation and low-NOx combustion systems

Operational factors:

Average load and load factor

Operating regime, transients, unit starts

Maintenance related factors:

Average level of deterioration from new

Equipment reliability and availability


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Evolution of coal-fired power plant efficiency



annual data and 5-year moving averages


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State-of-the-art coal-fired power plants


Genesee 3,Canada (570C/570C, 41.4%)

Isogo New Unit 1,Japan (600C/610C, 42%)

Niederaussem K,Germany (580C/600C, 43.7%)

Nordjyllandsvrket 3,Denmark (582C/580C/580C, 47%)

Younghung,South Korea (566C/566C, 43.3%)

E.ON Wilhelmshaven Kraftwerk 50plus,Germany (700C, >50%)

source: Fossil-fired Power Generation

case studies of recently constructed coal- andgas-fired power plants, OECD/IEA, Paris, 2007.


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EURACOAL response to DG Energy consultationPower plant renewal and modernisationin short term, highestefficiencies in medium term, strong drive towards CCS in long term.

EU Emissions Trading Scheme: an objective assessment of itsimpact on global emissions and EU industry should inform policydecisions about its future. Introducing command & control

emission limits would undermine the scheme.

Energy storageis vital to energy security. The cheapest virtualstore of electricity is coal stocks at power plants.

Power system flexibilityto balance intermittent renewablesrequires flexible backup and incentives, e.g. capacity payments.

Energy efficiency should extend beyond end-use to upstream

efficiency where gains can be large and easily realised.

Biomass co-firing at coal power plants is the most efficient way toconvert biomass into electricity.

DG Energy must balance security, sustainability and affordability.



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Power plant flexibility


Coal-fired power plants are flexible and complement intermittent renewables.

source: RWEGas-fired CCGT: 10 MW/min to 38 MW/min ramp rates


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Modernisation and CO2 capture & storage

Continuous power plant modernisation and new CCS-ready plants.

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

2000 2010 2020

av

erageCO2emissionsperunitofele

ctricity

ge

neratedatcoal-firedpowerplants(g/kWh) world

700C

CCS

state-of-the-art

EU

4 400 MW Bechatw power plant, Poland

source: VGB PowerTech e.V., Essen



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ConclusionsCoal and lignite are super abundant: 80% of EU fossil fuel reserves.

Coal is No.1 today and will remain an important pillar of competitiveelectricity supplies tomorrow.

A balanced energy mix is a winning policy: switching from coal to gasimposes an enormous economic burden with price and supply risks,while lower end-use emissions come at the expense of higherupstream emissions.

Continuous investment is needed to modernise power plants across theEU a clean coal investment strategy can reduce emissions by onethird from older plants.

CO2 capture & storage (CCS) is a vital part of the internationalresponse to climate change: it is expected to deliver almost 20%of very ambitious CO2 reductions by 2050.

EURACOAL supports the European Commissions efforts to demonstrate

a wide range of CCS technologies, including in heavy industry.

Governments should guarantee non-discriminatory access to a CO2transport infrastructure and ensure sufficient CO2 storage capacityin the future.



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Thank you!

Brian RICKETTS, Secretary-GeneralEuropean Association for Coal and Lignite AISBL168 avenue de Tervueren, Bte 11BE-1150 BrusselsBelgiumricketts euracoal.orgwww.euracoal.org

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