EU and Sustainable Development

● The development of the EU in one slide● How the EU works in one slide● EU - SDS● The EU Development policy● EU 2020 a growth strategy● Some environmental activities and strategies

(EIT, Res eff, Circular Economy)● Working method for implementing strategies

A time perspective on EU and the Env/Sust DevECSC/Coal and steel community– 1951 Paris –6 countries–Peace, economyEEC/EG – 1957 Rom – 6 countries – Peace, economyEEC/EG – 1973 – 9 countriesEEC/EG – 1979 – 1:st election to the ParlamentEEC/EG – 1981/1986 – 12 countriesEU – 1992 Maastricht – Integration of social issues in the treaty EU – 1995 – 15 countries EU – 1997 Amsterdam treaty – Sust Dev as an overarching objective EU – 1998 Cardiff-process – Integration of env. in all decisions EU – 2000 Lissabon-process – Become best in the economic and social areaEU – 2001 Göteborg – Env dimension into the Lissabon strategy – EU SDSEU – 2004 – 25 countriesEU – 2006 – 27 countriesEU – 2006 – Renewed EU SDSEU – 2006/7 – ”The ketchup effect” Stern, Gore, IPCC-reports, warm winter

→ EC-Top level groups, Energipolicys, CO2 from new cars, EU - 2009 - Treaty of Lissabon (konstitution) EU – 2010 Europe 2020 - A strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growthEU – 2013 – 28 countriesEU – 2016 – Brexit 27 countries?

European Council Europeiska rådet (Heads of state +President + Repr for foreign aff + Pres of the Comm4 ggr/year Raises questions, determines foreign policy, asks the Commission to submit proposals ...

The Council of the EU (Rådet/Ministerrådet) MinistrarMany meetings in 10 different version with different ministers

Legislation, budget, develop foreign policy, international agreements

COREPER Officials at the permanent representation in Brussels + Arbetsgrupper

Council of Europe Europarådet

European Commission 28 Commissioners1 President, 7 v pres + 20 with DGsMore than 20 DG’s, and 30 dep

Not rep for his/her country, The president proposed by the European Council, decided by the EP. Pres choose one from each country, on a proposal from the country. EP must approve the entire Commission

Proposing legislation, implementing policies, benefits contributions, monitors compliance with legislation, representing international

Karmenu Vella from Malta - DG Environment

European Parliament

751 MEPs, 22 Committees

Directly elected by EU voters every 5 years

Legislative, budgetary and supervise other institutions

Economic and Social Committee (EESC)

Committee of the Regions (CoR)

Friends of the Presidency

EU-SDSEU SDS = The sustainable development strategy of the EU Launched in 2001 in GothenburgRenewed in 2006, evaluated in 2009

”KEY CHALLENGESClimate Change and clean energySustainable TransportSustainable consumption and productionConservation and management of natural resourcesPublic HealthSocial inclusion, demography and migrationGlobal poverty and sustainable development challenges”

No big hit?! At least not the document as such

Eurostat keeps measuring

EU-SDS – what instead?

To some extent it has become two parallell pathways, one more oriented on environmental issues and one focussing on global development

But the overall strategy, Europe 2020, could perhaps be regarded as embracing all three dimensions of Sust dev? However, still the Europe 2020 is targeting European conditions

There is another strategy for promoting development internationally; The EU Development Policy

The EU Development Policy is based on the European consensus on development

The European Consensus on Development is a policy statement from 2005Made jointly by the 3 main EU institutions Commission, Parliament and Council • reducing poverty — also impacting sustainability, HIV/AIDS, security,

conflict prevention, forced migration, etc.• democratic values — respect for human rights, democracy,

fundamental freedoms and the rule of law, good governance, gender equality, solidarity and social justice

• nationally-led development — by the beneficiary countries themselves, based on national strategies (developed in collaboration with non-government bodies) and domestic resources

Providing over 50% of all global development aid, the EU is the world's leading donor.

EU has also been an active part in the MDG and SDG processes

For example for financing the implementation of the SDGs:

▪ The EU will help developing countries to mobilise more domestic resources, including by investing € 42 million in a new flagship programme (Domestic resource mobilisation (DRM), mainly helping the countries to implement taxes)

▪ The EU will leverage more development funding through blending, by investing up to € 8 billion to help mobilise over €100 billion by 2020. (The principle of blending is to combine EU grants with loans or equity from public and private financiers)

▪ The EU and its Member States continue to be the world's largest provider of Official Development Assistance (ODA) with € 58.2 billion in 2014

Europe 2020

Europe 2020

• Smart growth: developing an economy based on knowledge and innovation.

• Sustainable growth: promoting a more resource efficient, greener and more competitive economy.

• Inclusive growth: fostering a high-employment economy delivering social and territorial cohesion.

Europe 2020Flagship initiative:

• Innovation Union (EU-patent, partnerships (EIPs) omhealthy ageing, water, raw materials, cities, agriculture)

• Youth on the move• A Digital Agenda for Europe• Resource efficient Europe (a road map)• An industrial policy for the globalisation era • An Agenda for new skills and jobs • European Platform against Poverty

EIT – European Institute of Innovation and Technology

The EIT’s mission is to increase European sustainable growth and competitiveness by reinforcing the innovation capacity of the Member States and the EU

(“to match MIT and Stanford”)

or to facilitate the following transitions: • from idea to product• from lab to market • from student to entrepreneur by integrating the three sides of the Knowledge Triangle

(research, education and innovation)

Most important activity of EIT is the KICs –Knowledge and Innovation Communities

2010 – the first three KICs:• Climate KIC (climate challenges) (…, Chalmers, …)

• KIC InnoEnergy (sust energy) (…, KTH, UU, Vattenfall, ABB, …)

• EIT Digital (ICT - information and communication) (, … KTH, LTU, LU, SU, Ericsson, Kista, …)

2014 – two new KICs:• EIT Health (healthy living and active ageing) (KTH, KI, UU, Stockholm stad)

• EIT Raw materials (sust production and use of raw materials) (Luleå TH, UU, Chalmers, KTH, IVL, Sandvik, Höganäs, Boliden, Atlas Copco, ..)

2016 - 2018 – three new KICsEIT Food, EIT Manufacturing, EIT Urban Mobility

The flagship Resource efficient Europe includes e.g.:

• The Roadmap to a resource efficient Europe(backed up by e.g. the Ecoinnovation action plan,

EcoAP, or the Energy Related Products directive, ErP, …)

• Towards a circular economy (backed up by legislation changes and a palette of

different activities like GPP, BAT/BREF, Ecolabel, quality standards for secondary raw materials, …)

Waste PackagingLandfill Producer responsibility

Working strategy of the EUEstablish a common framework Policy/Strategy in a certainfield (EU-SDS, Health, Biodiversity, ICZM, the EU Development Policy ..)

Implement the Policy/Strategy using a variety of measures▪ Financing in many different ways (ODA, EIF, EIT, Cohesion and

Structural funds, … )▪ Directive and regulations (REACH, Natura 2000, …)▪ Name and Shame by using statistics (Eurostat, EEA, …)▪ Information and knowledge – ”production and distribution”,(spread of good exampl, newslett, reports, EEA, dissimination of proj, …) ▪ R&D, innovation support (Horizon 2020, Innovation union, Life +, CIP, …)▪ Support networking (CIVITAS, EuroCities, …)

Belgien (1952)Bulgarien (2007)Cypern (2004)Danmark (1973)Estland (2004)Finland (1995)Frankrike (1952)Grekland (1981)Irland (1973)Italien (1952)Lettland (2004)Litauen (2004)Luxemburg (1952)Kroatien (2013)Malta (2004)

Nederländerna(1952)Österrike (1995)Polen (2004)Portugal (1986)Rumänien (2007)Slovakien (2004)Slovenien (2004)Spanien (1986)Storbritannien (1973 - 2017 ?)Sverige (1995)Tjeckien (2004)Tyskland (1952)Ungern (2004)