EU and Migrant Crisis
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Transcript of EU and Migrant Crisis
THE EU & THE MIGRANT CRISIS
Anastasiia PotsiluikoSamah Filali AlaouiThanh Ha Nguyen
OUTLINE
Background
The situation
Impacts
EU Reactions
Suggestions
BACKGROUND
GLOBAL REFUGEE CRISIS
- the number of forcibly displaced people
worldwide
Millionrefugees
Millionasylum-seekers
Million Syrian refugees in 2014 - the largest
refugee group
Million Afghan refugees were the largest refugee
group for 3 decades
THE REALITY
The phrases "European migrant crisis" and "European refugee crisis" became widely used in April 2015, when five boats carrying almost
2,000 migrants to Europe sank in the Mediterranean Sea, with a combined death toll estimated at more than 1,200 people.
MIGRANT & REFUGEES DEFINITIONS
An asylum seeker is defined as a person fleeing persecution or conflict, and therefore seeking international protection under the 1951 Refugee Convention on the Status of Refugees
A refugee is an asylum seeker whose claim has been approved
The UN considers migrants fleeing war or persecution to be refugees, even before they officially receive asylum
A mixed-migration phenomenon
COMMON EUROPEAN ASYLUM SYSTEM
Asylum seekers apply through Asylum
Procedures
Asylum applicants receive material
reception conditions
Applicant’s fingerprints are
taken and sent to a Eurodac
Interviewed by a caseworker to determine
whether he/she may qualify for refugee status or subsidiary protection
If asylum is not granted to the applicant at first
instance, this refusal may be appealed in
court
If the court confirm this decision, the applicant
may be returned to his/her country of origin
or transit
If refugee status is granted, people can access to a
residence permit
Overturning of the negative first instance decision
by the court
DUBLIN REGULATIONS
Asylum seekers must remain in the first European country they enter and that country is solely responsible for examining migrants' asylum applications
Migrants who travel to other EU states face deportation back to the EU country they originally entered
Reformation of the Dublin Regulation
THE SITUATION
THE SITUATION
How many migrants are going to the EU?
Where do they come from?
How do they get to the EU?
What are their destinations?
HOW MANY MIGRANTS ARE GOING TO EUROPE
people have been reaching Europe by sea since the
start of 2016
people reached Europe by sea and land in 2015
HOW MANY MIGRANTS ARE GOING TO EUROPE
new asylum applications in Germany in 2015
people claimed asylum in 2015
applications in 2015 in Hungary
applications in 2015 in Sweden
HOW MANY MIGRANTS ARE GOING TO EUROPE
Asylum applications per 100,000 local population in 2015
SWEDEN: more than 1,575 refugees/100,000 residentsHUNGARY: 1,508 refugees/100,000 residentsGERMANY: 520 refugees/100,000 residentsUK: 42 refugees/100,000 residents
WHERE DO THE MIGRANTS COME FROM
56% adult men17%
women
27% children
HOW DO THEY GET TO THE EU
WHAT ARE THEIR DESTINATIONS
IMPACTS
ECONOMIC IMPACTS
Migrants lead to increases in social sector spending: Host countries must house and educate refugees until they become productive members of the local economy
€8,000per applicationfor first year
Refugees increase aggregate demand: New migrants represent potential markets for new services leading to: In real income and GDP for their host countries as native workers and professional migrate to new forms and types of work
Europe Economyin 2016 - 2017
ECONOMIC IMPACTS
Migrants alter the local labour market: Skilled refugees may compete with local workers for jobs, which may result in a temporary increase in unemployment numbers
By the end of 2016
EEA labour force
Germany labour force
The labour market of host countries may become flexible with migrant workers taking jobs that locals shun
Asylum seekers can only enter the labor force if they gain refugees status (from 3 months – a few years)
ECONOMIC IMPACTS
The influx from Cuba into the U.S. in the 1960s - Combination of highly skilled & low skilled migrants was a good source for growth
Sweden lets in 25 times as many immigrants as the U.S does—and economy is in excellent shape
In both optimistic & pessimistic scenarios there is a positive increase in projected income of Germany in the long run
POLITICAL IMPACTS
Disintegration of the travel-free Schengen Agreement• Several EU members temporarily re-established
border checks in an effort to contain the influx of asylum seekers
• The establishment of internal border controls is exactly the opposite of the Schengen Area’s raison d’être. Creating tension between the member states and affecting Trade as it delays the movement of goods
POLITICAL IMPACTS
The German power/ EU division: by responding to the refugee crisis independently, Germany has shown the way to purely national responses by others This can turn into a downward spiral: an integrated EU
response is made more difficult as a result of go-it-alone policies
The resulting absence of a convincing EU response will lead Germany and others to further act on their own initiative, thus fuelling souverainiste forces overall
The systematic practice of souverainisme by each member state is not conducive to the emergence of the EU as a single strategic actor
POLITICAL IMPACTS
Advantage for the UK exit debate: the migration crisis strengthens the UK's negotiating and increase the risk of positive vote for the Brexit
Turkey holding the key power and this could be in its favour: Turkey has the ability to promt further emigration towards the EU, which gives Turkey negotiation power
Changes in the European priorities in the Middle East: avoiding large scale of refugee flows; eliminating ISIS; providing the non-jihadi component of the Syrian rebellion with the ability to resist Russian and Iranian operations in support of Assad, while seeking his removal by political means
SOCIAL IMPACTS
Reduction in the social welfare budget/ benefits: Asylum seekers only have the ability to earn money by way of social welfare, therefore it could reduce the basic state services to citizens of the host countries
Idleness and porverty within a refugee camp may cause an excalation of security and social problems such as crimes, prostitution and alcoholismDifferent ethnicity, failures in communication and understanding caused by language and culture can form serious barriers with the local population and create conflicts.
EUREACTIONS
SAVING LIVES & SECURING
TRIPLED the budget for Frontex to reinforce its joint operations Triton and Poseidon in order to save lives
EU ACTION PLAN against migrant smuggling (2015 – 2020)
EU NAVAL OPERATION against human smugglers and traffickers - EUNAVFOR Med
lives have been rescued in the Central Mediterranean
since June 2015
arriving during the month of August 2015, the same
as 2014
RELOCATION & ASSISTANCEMade a commitment to
relocate 160,000 people from Greece, Italy and the most affected members
HOTSPOT APPROACH in Italy and Greece to identify, register and fingerprint migrants & refugees
people have been relocated until 13 January 2016
Till the end of 2015, only 1/5
hotspot in Greece (Lesvos) & 2/6 hotspots in Italy (Lampedusa and Trapani) are operational
€1.3 millionTo cover new staff for
2015
€700 millionEmergency Funding (2015: €100 million
2016: €600 million)
SUPPORT THIRD COUNTRIESMade a commitment to RESETTLING 22,504 displaced persons till the end of 2017
had been effectively resettled until 13 January 2016
EU Budget Member State
050
100150200250300350400450500
Extra support of
€500m €442.74mShortfall€57.26m
Funds for Humanitarian Aid
EU Budget Member State
050
100150200250300350400450500
Extra support of
€500m €434.48m
Shortfall€465.52m
EU Trust Fund for the Syrian crisis
EU Budget Member State
050
100150200250300350400450500
Initial Capital Contribution
€1800m €81.27m
Shortfall€1718.73m
Emergency Trust Fund for Africa
COOPERATING WITH THIRD COUNTRIES
Meeting on the Western Balkans Migration Route
Providing temporary shelter, food, healthcare, water and sanitation
Managing the migration flows together by sharing information about flows and avoiding taking unilateral decisions
Strengthening border management by bilateral border-related confidence-building measures
COOPERATING WITH THIRD COUNTRIES
EU – Turkey Action Plan
Offer temporary protection to Syrian refugees
Strengthen cooperation with the EU & implement a series of repressive measures against irregular migration
Mobilize funds in the most flexible and rapid way
Consider the visa liberalisation dialogue with Turkey
FURTHER REGULATION PROPOSALS
Establish a European Border and Coast Guard – reinforcing the mandate of Frontex
Legal migration package including revision of Blue Card
A long-term, EU-wide system of resettlement and relocation
A credible and effective return policy
SUGGESTIONS
SUGGESTIONS
Reinforce the resettlement and relocation systems
Considering private sponsorship
Improve the living conditions at refugee centers in Turkey and Europe
Create new system that allows asylum-seekers to register requests from their home countries or states adjoining the EU
Open legal channels for economic migrants seeking work in the EU, both high and low qualified employees
THANK YOU