Etruscan Heritage and the Rise of the Roman Republic
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Transcript of Etruscan Heritage and the Rise of the Roman Republic
Etruscan Heritage Etruscan Heritage and theand the
Rise of the Roman Rise of the Roman RepublicRepublic
Moving WestIn the Mediterranean World
Etruscan Heritage and the Rise of Rome
I.I. Trade and the Rise of Trade and the Rise of the Western the Western Mediterranean WorldMediterranean World
II. The EtruscansII. The Etruscans– GeographyGeography– GovernmentGovernment– Society and CultureSociety and Culture
III. Roman SocietyIII. Roman Society– LegendsLegends– Family, Society, Family, Society,
ReligionReligion– Government Government
Development and Development and StructureStructure
Terms to be familiar with: •Etruria, Latium •Pietas, manus, paterfamilias, materfamilias, patrimonial, imperium, ancestor cult•Patrician, plebeian, nobiles, clientage •manumission, latifundia, & coloni.•Senate, Centuriate Assembly, Roman constitution, Consuls, Censors, Dictators, Struggle of the Orders, Twelve Tables
Trade and the Mediterranean World
6th Century BC
TradeTrade
Amphorae to transport wine
Trade inMinerals: silver, copper & tinPotteryPerfumesSpicesWine Oil and OlivesWheat
Map of Map of Ancient ItalyAncient Italy
To EtruriaTo Etruria
The Importance of TradeIts Impact on Culture and Society
Etrurian Government and Etrurian Government and SocietySociety
EtruscansEtruscansThe ImportanceOf Death
Barrows of Necropolis at Caere
Etruscan tomb interiors
Fresco from an Etruscan Tomb
The FuneralBanquet
Women in Etruscan SocietyWomen in Etruscan Society
Sculpture of Etruscan Woman
More Freedom than Greek Society• Not segregated from public• Evidence of matrilinealism
Italy
Places to be familiarWith: EtruriaApennine MountainsArno RiverTiber RiverLatiumRomeSicilyCarthage
Rise of Rome
The Early RomansThe Early Romans– LegendsLegends– Family and Society Family and Society – GovernmentGovernment
•Important terms: •Pietas, manus, paterfamilias, materfamilias, patrimonial, imperium, ancestor cult
•Patrician, plebeian, nobiles, clientage
•Manumission, latifundia, & coloni.
The Legend of RomeThe Legend of Rome
Romulus and Remus
Aeneas flees the sack of Troy Aeneas flees the sack of Troy carrying his father Anchises on his carrying his father Anchises on his
backback
Jacques-Louis David, The Oath of the Horatii (1784)
Rise of RepublicRise of Republic
Mid 8Mid 8thth century BC- 509 BC: Rome Ruled century BC- 509 BC: Rome Ruled by Monarchyby Monarchy
509 BC 509 BC – Raids of Celts on Italy lead to expulsion Raids of Celts on Italy lead to expulsion
of kings and founding of Roman of kings and founding of Roman Republic.Republic.
– Rome distances itself from EtruriaRome distances itself from Etruria 392 BC- Fall of Etruria to Rome392 BC- Fall of Etruria to Rome
Family and Society in Rome
Social Organization– Tribe– Clan– Family
Paterfamilias: Father held absolute power imperium, patria potestas and manus
Materfamilias: Mother’s influence in household
Naming conventions– For males– For females
Rome as a Patrilineal Society
Naming your son:
Name of Individual:Gaius, GnaeusMarcus, Lucius, Titus, Publius, Marcus
Name of the Clan:JuliusLiciniusCornelius
Name of the Family:CaesarCrassusScipio
Your Son’s Name: Gaius Julius CaesarMarcus Licinius CrassusPublius Cornelius Scipio
Naming your daughter:
Name of Clan: Julius Name of daughter: Julia Second daughter: Julia
secunda
Family and Society in Rome
Social Hierarchy
Sculpted tomb of a family of ex-slaves[Note man holding tablets, pigeon, wife’s hairstyle. All indicate that family was both literate and stylish.]
Patricians: Landowning Elite
Plebeians: Commoner– Not necessarily poor
Nobiles: By 3rd Cent. BC, elite of Patrician & Plebian
Slaves: At least 1/3 of pop.– Household vs.Agricultural
Work latifundia: “broad fields” manumission: from manus Coloni: Tenant Farmers
– Serflike- tied to the land (bonded)
Ancestor CultAncestor Cult
Role of Pietas: “I sought to equal the deeds of my father”Role of Ancestor Cult, Wax Masks, Marble Busts, and Funeral Rituals
Virtues of Tradition and Respect
Dimensions of Family and Virtue
Marcus Porcius Cato (b. 234 BC) and his wife
Family Politics and MarriageFamily Politics and Marriage
Women move from protection of fathers to protection of husbands (per manus)
Usually with wealth came independenceFathers can act as agents to protect assets/dowry
Example: Tullia (daughter of Marcus Tullius Cicero)
Betrothed at 12, married at 16, widowed at 22Example: Cornelia (aristocratic woman)
Widowed/ intellectual/ bore 12 children3 children lived (2 boys and 1 girl)Sons: Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus