Etps Feasibility Report

7/31/2019 Etps Feasibility Report

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PROJECT REPORT

In the partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Technology

Degree In

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

From

Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra

SUBMITTED TO:- SUBMITTED BY-

Er. Gaurav Mehta ABCDZ (2708200)

AP-ME Deptt. Mech. 8Th

Sem.

June-2012

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

JAN NAYAK CHAUDHARY DEVI LAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

SIRSA


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It gives us a great pleasure to present this SSI project report on

XYZ Pvt. Ltd. I would like to express our sincere thanks, with a

deep sense of gratitude to our Guide Er. Gaurav Mehta, AP-ME

Department for his keen interest, valuable guidance and constant

motivation which is primarily responsible for completion of this

Project report.

I am thankful to all the Mechanical Engineering Department

for their valuable guidance, suggestions and timely help. The well

experienced and skilled staff of Mechanical Department imparted

us technical knowledge to a great extent by preparing this Project

Report under the guidance of our guide and Mechanical

department.

ABCZ (2708200)

B. Tech. (Mechanical Engg.)


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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that me the students of B.Tech. VIIIth

Semester

(Mechanical Engineering) have successfully completed the SSI

project report entitled Concrete pipe in the partial fulfillment

for the award of Bachelor of Technology Degree in Mechanical

Engineering from Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra during the

academic year 2011.

I wish him a prosperous & bright future with all the great

silvery success in their career.

ABCZ (2708200)

Er. Gaurav Mehta Er. Rajdeep Singh

AP-ME Deptt. HOD -ME Deptt.


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PROJECT REPORT

Under Small Scale Industries Schemes

1. Firm Name:-XYZ Pvt. Ltd.

.2. Address:- Plot no 41, Phase-II, Industrial Area, Sirsa

(Haryana)-125055

3. Nature of Business: -Manufacturing of XYZ Products.

4. Target: - 500 Units per month.


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CONTENTS

Description Page No.

Introduction to Small Scale Industry 7 MSME 8 How to Start a Small Scale Industry 9 Financial Requirements 31 Small Industrial Development Organization 32 Important schemes of Financial SFC 34 Concept of Marketing 36 Steps In Marketing Management 40 Product Classification 41 Organization Structure of SSI 47 Organization Under SSI 48 SWOT analysis 50 Market Potential 73 Basis and Presumption 74 Raw Material 87 Conclusion 89


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INTRODUCTION TO SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY

The SSI (SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY) today is immense for the

growth of the country. Small scale industries are the industries

which are run with the help of hired labors and which also use

some simple machine and power.

The investment scale in this industry from 5 lakh to 1crore for

fixed assets. Irrespective number of worker engaged is small scale

industry unit.

In India these type of industries are permuted to meet with the

problem of excess population & unemployment so the government

of India praise entrepreneur to step up small scale industries by

aiding him by giving loans, land, guidance etc. The strategy

adopted by the government is:-

1. Public entrepreneurship should remain confined only to those

industries & sector where private enterprise, individual or

corporate, is generally not attracted. Existing public

entrepreneurship be improved through better management & by


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putting relative greatly emphasis on research &development. There

is need to streamline the R&D wing of public sector enterprise.

2. All possible efforts are made very seriously (not casually) for

the development of an industrial culture. It should be realize that

the central core of entrepreneurship is the motive force since by its

nature; entrepreneurship implies positive action and individual

with the right kind of combination of ability can pursue their goal

with unremitted courage and enthusiasms.

3. There is need to development management education and

industrial training.

4. The development of backward region / area constitutes a new

challenge. Program for their development be drawn up and should

be effective implemented.

5. Adequate measure is a must for mobilizing & casting the

entrepreneurs talent in the country. In this context, it should be

realized that entrepreneurs are not the grief of a particular classes.


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6. Economic administration by the state should be improved and

made more effective so that economic policy may be fully

achieving their objective in the overall interest of economy.

7. Financial institute should provide adequate and timely credit and

timely create and technical assistance, especially to the small and

medium sized enterprise. They may also impart knowledge about

the need of economy and they should file their massive data in

term of growth of new entrants or entrepreneurs in the field of

industry.

Definitions of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises

In accordance with the provision of Micro, Small & Medium

Enterprises Development (MSMED) Act, 2006 the Micro, Small

and Medium Enterprises (MSME) are classified in two Classes:

(a) Manufacturing Enterprises- The enterprises engaged in the

manufacture or production of goods pertaining to any industry

specified in the first schedule to the industries (Development and

regulation Act,1951). The Manufacturing Enterprise are defined in

terms of investment in Plant & Machinery.


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(b) Service Enterprises: The enterprises engaged in providing or

rendering of services and are defined in terms of investment in

equipment. In India, the Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs)

sector plays a pivotal role in the overall industrial economy of the

country. It is estimated that in terms of value, the sector accounts

for about 39% of the manufacturing output and around 33% of the

total export of the country. Further, in recent years the MSE sector

has consistently registered higher growth rate compared to the

overall industrial sector. The major advantage of the sector is its

employment potential at low capital cost. As per available

statistics, this sector employs an estimated 31 million persons

spread over 12.8 million enterprises and the labour intensity in the

MSE sector is estimated to be almost 4 times higher than the large

enterprises.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India


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Enterprises Investment in plant & machinery

Micro

Enterprises Does not exceed twenty five lakh rupees

Small

EnterprisesMore than twenty five lakh rupees but

does not exceed five crore rupees

Medium

Enterprises

More than five crore rupees but does not

exceed ten crore rupees

Service Sector

Enterprises Investment in equipments

MicroEnterprises Does not exceed ten lakh rupees:

Small

Enterprises

More than ten lakh rupees but does not

exceed two crore rupees

Medium

Enterprises

More than two crore rupees but does not

exceed five core rupees

MINISTRY OF MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUMENTERPRISES

The President under Notification dated 9th

May 2007 has amended

the Government of India (Allocation of Business) Rules, 1961.

Pursuant to this amendment, Ministry of Agro and Rural

Industries (Krishi Evam Gramin Udyog Mantralaya) and Ministry

of Small Scale Industries (Laghu Udyog Mantralaya) have been

merged into a single Ministry, namely, MINISTRY OF MICRO,

SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES ( SUKSHMA LAGHU


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AUR MADHYAM UDYAM MANTRALAYA) Worldwide, the

micro small and medium enterprises (MSME) have been accepted

as the engine of economic growth and for promoting equitable

development. The major advantage of the sector is its employment

potential at low capital cost. The labour Intensity of the MSME

sector is much higher than that of the large enterprises. The

MSME constitute over 90% of total enterprises in most of the

economies and are credited with generating the highest rates of

employment growth and account for a major share of industrial

production and exports. In India too, the MSME play a pivotal

role in the overall industrial economy of the country. In recent

years the MSME sector has consistently registered higher growth

rate compared to the overall industrial sector. With its agility and

dynamism, the sector has shown admirable innovativeness and

adaptability to survive the recent economic downturn and

recession.

As per available statistics (4th

Census of MSME Sector), this sector

employs an estimated 59.7 million persons spread over 26.1

million enterprises. It is estimated that in terms of value, MSME

sector accounts for about 45% of the manufacturing output and


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around 40% of the total export of the country.

TRAINING INSTITUTES

National Entrepreneurship Development Institutes

National Institute for Entrepreneurship and Small BusinessDevelopment (NIESBUD), NOIDA

National Institute of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises(NIMSME)

(Formerly National Institute of Small Industry Extension

Training (NISIET))

Indian Institute of Entrepreneurship (IIE), GuwahatiOthers

MSME Development Institutes

Tool Rooms

Central Footwear Training Centres, Agra & Chennai Fragrance and Flavour Development Centre, Kannauj

Process-cum-Product Development Centre, Agra

Electronics Service & Training Centre, Ram Nagar

Institute for Design of Electrical Measuring Instruments,Mumbai
http://niesbud.nic.in/http://niesbud.nic.in/http://niesbud.nic.in/http://niesbud.nic.in/http://www.nimsme.org/http://www.nimsme.org/http://www.nimsme.org/http://www.nimsme.org/http://iie.nic.in/http://www.laghu-udyog.com/sido/sisi.htmhttp://www.laghu-udyog.com/sido/sisi.htmhttp://www.laghu-udyog.com/sido/sisi.htmhttp://www.laghu-udyog.com/NASApp/senetwar/ctrlDRSearch.jsp?MethodType=getOffTypeListinghttp://www.laghu-udyog.com/NASApp/senetwar/ctrlDRSearch.jsp?MethodType=getOffTypeListinghttp://www.laghu-udyog.com/NASApp/senetwar/ctrlDRSearch.jsp?MethodType=getOffTypeListinghttp://www.laghu-udyog.com/sido/ktdfw01x.htmhttp://www.laghu-udyog.com/sido/ktdfw01x.htmhttp://www.laghu-udyog.com/sido/ktdfw01x.htmhttp://www.ffdcindia.org/training.htmhttp://www.ffdcindia.org/training.htmhttp://www.ffdcindia.org/training.htmhttp://www.ppdcagra.com/http://www.ppdcagra.com/http://www.ppdcagra.com/http://www.estcindia.com/http://www.estcindia.com/http://www.estcindia.com/http://www.idemi.org/training.htmhttp://www.idemi.org/training.htmhttp://www.idemi.org/training.htmhttp://www.idemi.org/training.htmhttp://www.idemi.org/training.htmhttp://www.idemi.org/training.htmhttp://www.estcindia.com/http://www.ppdcagra.com/http://www.ffdcindia.org/training.htmhttp://www.laghu-udyog.com/sido/ktdfw01x.htmhttp://www.laghu-udyog.com/NASApp/senetwar/ctrlDRSearch.jsp?MethodType=getOffTypeListinghttp://www.laghu-udyog.com/sido/sisi.htmhttp://iie.nic.in/http://www.nimsme.org/http://www.nimsme.org/http://niesbud.nic.in/http://niesbud.nic.in/


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ECOMOMIC PERFORMANCE

Production

The small-scale industries sector plays a vital role in the growth of

the country. It contributes almost 40% of the gross industrial value

added in the Indian economy. It has been estimated that a million

Rs. of investment in fixed assets in the small scale sector produces

4.62 million worth of goods or services with an approximate value

addition of ten percentage points. The small-scale sector has grown

rapidly over the years. The growth rates during the various plan

periods have been very impressive. The number of small - scale

units has increased from an estimated 0.87 million units in the year

1980-81 to over 3 million in the year 2000. When the performance

of this sector is viewed against the growth in the manufacturing

and the industry sector as a whole, it instills confidence in the

resilience of the small-scale sector.

Employment

SSI Sector in India creates largest employment opportunities for

the Indian populace, next only to Agriculture. It has been estimated


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that 100,000 rupees of investment in fixed assets in the small-scale

sector generates employment for four persons

Generation of Employment - Industry Group-wise

Food products industry has ranked first in generating employment,

providing employment to 0.48 million persons (13.1%). The next

two industry groups were Non - metallic mineral products with

employment of 0.45 million persons (12.2%) and Metal products

with 0.37 million persons (10.2%). In Chemicals & chemical

products, Machinery parts except Electrical parts, Wood products,

Basic Metal Industries, Paper products & printing, Hosiery &

garments, Repair services and Rubber & plastic products, the

contribution ranged from 9% to 5%, the total contribution by these

eight industry groups being 49%. In all other industries the

contribution was less than 5%.

Per unit employment

Per unit employment was the highest (20) in units engaged in

beverages , tobacco & tobacco products mainly due to thehigh employment potential of this industry particularly in

Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Assam and Tamil

Nadu. Next came


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Cotton textile products, Non- metallic mineral products, Basic

metal industries and Electrical machinery and parts. Per unit

employment was the highest in metropolitan areas and

lowest in rural areas. However, in Chemicals & chemical

products, Non-metallic mineral products and Basic metal

industries per unit employment was higher in rural areas as

compared to metropolitan areas/urban areas. In urban areas

highest employment per unit was in Beverages, tobacco

products (31 persons) followed by Cotton

textile products , Basic metal industries and Non-metallicmineral products.

Location-wise Employment DistributionRural

Non-metallic products contributed 22.7% to employment

generated in rural areas. Food Products accounted for 21.1%,

wood products and chemical products shared between them 17.5%.

Urban

As for urban areas, Food Products and Metal Products almost

Equally shared 22.8% of employment. Machinery parts except

Electrical , Non-metallic mineral products, and Chemicals &

Chemical products between them accounted for 26.2% of

Employment. In metropolitan areas the leading industries were

Metal products, Machinery and parts except electrical and Paper


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products & printing .

Export

SSI Sector plays a major role in India's present export

performance .45%-50% of the Indian Exports is contributed by SSI

sector . Direct exports from the SSI Sector account for nearly 35%

of total exports. Besides direct exports, it is estimated that small-

scale industrial units contribute around 15% to exports indirectly.

This takes place through merchant exporters, trading houses and

export houses. They may also be in the form of export orders from

large units or the production of parts and components for use for

finished exportable goods. It would surprise many to know that

non-traditional products account for more than 95% of the SSI

exports. The exports from SSI sector have been clocking excellent

growth rates in this decade. It has been mostly fuelled by the

performance of garments, leather and gems and jewellery units

from this sector. The product groups where the SSI sector

dominates in exports, are sports goods, readymade garments,

woolen garments and knitwear, plastic products, processed food

and leather products. The SSI sector is reorienting its export


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strategy towards the new trade regime being ushered in by the

WTO.

Opportunity

The opportunities in the small-scale sector are enormous due to the

following factors:

:-Extensive Promotion & Support by Government

:-Less Capital Intensive

:-Reservation for Exclusive Manufacture by small scale

sector

:-Project Profiles

:-Funding - Finance & Subsidies

:-Machinery Procurement

:-Raw Material Procurement

:-Manpower Training

:-Technical & Managerial skills

:-Tooling & Testing support

:-Reservation for Exclusive Purchase by Government

:-Export Promotion

:-Growth in demand in the domestic market size due to

overall


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:-economic growth

:-Increasing Export Potential for Indian products

:-Growth in Requirements for ancillary units due to the

increase in number of green field units coming up in the large

scale sector.

:-Small industry sector has performed exceedingly well

and enabled

:-our country to achieve a wide measure of industrial growth

and diversification.

By its less capital intensive and high labour absorption nature, SSI

Sector has made significant contributions to employment

Generation and also to rural industrialisation. Thissector is ideally

suited to build on the strengths of our traditional skills and

knowledge, by infusion of technologies, capital and innovative

marketing practices. This is the opportune time to set up projects in

the small-scale sector. It may be said that the outlook is positive,

indeed promising, given some safeguards. Thisexpectation is based

on an essential feature of the Indian industry and the demand

structures. The diversity in production systems and demand

structures will ensure long term co-existence of many layers of


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demand for consumer products / technologies / processes. There

will be flourishing and well grounded markets for the same

product / process, differentiated by quality, value added and

sophistication. This characteristic of the Indian economy will allow

complementary existence for various diverse types of units. The

promotional and protective policies of the Govt. have ensured the

presence of this sector in an astonishing range of products ,

particularly in consumer goods. However, the bugbear of the sector

has been the inadequacies in capital, technology and marketing.

The process of liberalization coupled with Government support

will therefore , attract the infusion of just these things in the sector.

Small industry sector has performed exceedingly well and enabled

our country to achieve a wide measure of industrial growth and

diversification. By its less capital intensive and high labour

absorption nature, SSI sector has made significant contributions to

employment generation and also to rural industrialization. This

sector is ideally suited to build on the strengths of our traditional

skills and knowledge, by infusion of technologies, capital and

innovative marketing practices. So this is the opportune time to set

up projects in the small scale sector. It may be said that the outlook

is positive, indeed promising, given some safeguards . This


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expectation is based on an essential feature of the Indian industry

and the demand structures. The diversity in production systems

and demand structures will ensure long term co-existence of many

layers of demand for consumer products / technologies / processes.

There will be flourishing and well grounded markets for the same

Product / process, differentiated by quality , value added and

sophistication. This characteristic of the Indian economy will allow

complementary existence for various diverse types of units. The

promotional and protective policies of the Govt. have ensured the

presence of this sector in an astonishing range of products,

particularly in consumer goods . However, the bug bear of the

sector has been the inadequacies in capital , technology and

marketing . The process ofliberalization will therefore, attract the

infusion of just these things in the sector.

MSME and their role in socio economic development

The importance of Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME)

for its contribution in the Indian economy growth is a matter of

record and needs no further elaboration. However with the

changing focus from economic growth to inclusive growth, MSME

sector role in the socio economic development of India needs to be


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understood, explored and facilitated. What is so significant about

MSME that makes them special in their relation to socio

economic development of the country?

Here are few facts which may give answer to this question.

Wide spread reach: There are around 12.34 million (1) MSMEs,

including 1.9 million registered one which are spread out across

the length and breadth of India. They may be touching the lives of

123.4million directly or indirectly which is roughly 10% of Indias

population.

Major share in GDP: MSMEs combined output is roughly 7%

of countrys Gross Domestic Production (GDP).

Big employment generator; MSME sector is the second largest

manpower employer in the country next only to agriculture sector.

It provides employment to more than 20 million people which is

roughly 2 % of countrys population. Looked from social angle, it

helps in solving the unemployment and under-employment

problem in the society.

Facilitates balanced regional development: Dispersion of


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MSMEs in all parts of the country helps in removing regional

imbalances by promoting decentralized development of industries.

MSME can be found everywhere, which may be rural, urban,

coastal, desert, mountains, forest, backward/ forward areas. This

decentralized concept also helps in reducing the other problems

like pollution, congestion, housing, sanitations etc.

Helps in equitable distribution of wealth/ income: When the

entrepreneurial talent is allowed to grow in different regions and

areas, the income is also distributed instead of being concentrated

in the hands of few. This help in solving a big social issue of

bridging the gap between rich and poor.

Act as nursery for entrepreneurship: MSMEs provide a natural

habitat for entrepreneurs. Through this platform, the latent/ raw

talent available locally can hone their skills and talents, to

experiments, to innovate and transform their ideas into goods and

services needed by the society.

HOW TO START A SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY

The steps involved in starting a small scale industry are:-


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Product Identification: Conduct market survey and study theproduct as regard their demand in the market.

Check whether it is a seasonal product or it has demandedthroughout the year.

Study similar product available in the market that can beprobable competitor. Analyze them as regards their utility,

quality and cost.

Find whether can be exported. Decide the product that you are going to manufacture, on the

basis of:-

a) Market Surveyb) Financial implication involvedc) Technical knowhow availabled) Experience in the line, etc.

Preparation of preliminary project report to get rough idea on

machinery, raw material and financial requirement.

Select a proper site for locating the unit.


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1. Take a building for factory on hire or construct your ownfactory building.

2. Get yourself conversant with the rules and other informationavailable from small-scale industries, Ministry of Industry,

New Delhi.

3. Prepare a scheme in detail to manufacture the selected productsuch a scheme should include the requirement of and the

approximate cost of:-

i. Land and buildingii. Machinery, tools and other equipment

iii.

Direct labour

iv. Indirect labourv. Direct material cost

vi. Indirect material costvii. Selling and distribution overheads

viii. Working Capital for a unit timeix. Depreciationx. Total production cost per unit time


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xi. Percentage of profit. Make a detailed project report Apply for registration. The scheme after it has been prepared is sent for

approval to the Directorate of Industries of the

particular state.

A small scale unit has to get itself registered with theDirectorate of industries in order to avail various

facilities provided by the government, such as:-

I. Financial assistanceII. Raw materials water and power

III. Import licenseIV. Factory accommodationV. Government order

If required apply for loan.

Apply for income tax and sales tax numbers. Recruit personnel.


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REGISTRATION OF SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES

REQUIREMENT

Even if State Directorate of Industries does not demand for

licensing under development of SSIs but we should go for its

registration for our profit. Some special things are there which are

necessary to be licensed. The incentive scheme provided by the

government is also provided to those firms which are registered so

for this reason registration is beneficial.

The registration of SSI is of two types:-

1)Provisional registration.2)Permanent registration.

The provisional registration is provided to the unit for starting two

years. This is provided before production. If still the firm could not

run in actual production it can also be renewed by state directorate

of industries.

INCENTIVE FACILITIES


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In every state various incentive schemes are provided for

development of these SSIs. The methods and amounts are

depending on the industrial policy and financial state of that area.

Various facilities are:-

Capital subsidy Diesel generator subsidy Electricity subsidy Project report subsidy Technical know how subsidy Interest subsidy Sales tax subsidy Interest free loan against commercial taxes Seed money assistance

TYPES OF CONSTITUTIONS

The criteria of classification may be depend on limits of statutory

norms, capital investment, quantum of loan, annual income etc.


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Basic names of constitutions are:-

Proprietorship: as its name implies only one person is theowner of the company. All the machinery setup, all

facilities, workers, money investment is in the hand of a

single body. He is the only responsible person for all types

of profits and losses. The only problem in this case is that

all losses and accidents happened are only suffered by the

owner only.

Partnership: in this type two or more person shared thefirm. According to INDIAN PARTNERSHIP ACT 1932 a

partnership deed is prepared in which all the terms and

conditions are included. The firm is drive according to

these terms. In case of any problem all the partners will

suffer equally.

Private limited company: in private limited companythere is minimum two and maximum fifty promoter

director. The registration is done under the company act

1956 under REGISTRAR OF COMPANIES. Company


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made its MEMORANDUM & ARTICLES OF

ASSOCIATION and all the scope of work is regulate

under these.

Public limited company: private limited and publiclimited are almost of same configuration with the only

difference that public limited company can sale its shares

in general public but private limited company is not

authorized to do so.

Co-operative society: under co-operative society act thefirms are registered by state co-operative department. The

group can be minimum of ten members. These are also

work under the norms and conditions made by its own

memorandum and articles of association.

FINANCIAL REQUIREMENT

Since independence, government of India has been giving all

possible encouragement of SSI. A number of organizations have

been step up by the government of India to provide assistance and


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incentive to small scale industry. These packet ages of assistance

are providing to SSI by a large number of organization operative at

national &state level. Development program are being carried out

at two level

1.National Level2.State Level

AGENCIES WHICH WORK AT NATIONAL LEVEL ARE:-

a) Small Scale Industrial Board (SSIB)

b)Small Scale Industries Development Organization (SIDO)c)National Small Scale Industrial Corporation (NSIC).

AGENCIES WHICH WORK AT STATE LEVEL ARE:-

a)State Directorate of Industries (SDI)b)District Industrial Centre (DIC)c)State Small Industrial Corporation (SSIC)d) State Financial Corporations (SFCs)e)Commercial Banksf) Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI).

NATIONAL LEVEL SSIB


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It is all advisory body and comprises state government ministry

office and representative of several institution & association. Its

functioning is to plan, advice &coordinate the activities of center

and state government. As such it does not render direct help to

entrepreneur. However, it helps to government in involving new

polices and program for small scale sector.

SMALL INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION

(SIDO)

Its headquarter at Nirman Bhavan, new Delhi headed by the

development commissioner (SSI) has a network of small industries

Service Institute (SISIs) one in each state which help In

economical, technical, industrial information services,

management casualty services, training & marketing.

NSIC

Its headquarter at New Delhi & regional office at Kolkata,

Mumbai, Chennai, Guwahati etc.

Facilities provided:-


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Supply of machine and equipment on hire purchase

1.) Distribution of scare raw material imported components.

2.) Marketing assistance

3.) Assistance to SSI in securing order for railway and defense.

4.) Operating a credit guarantee scheme for those units which are

registered within.

STATE FINANCIAL CORPORATION

Almost every state has its own financial cooperation to provide

machine and long term loans small and medium sale industries.

Amount of loan varies from Rs. 5000 to Rs. 6 Lakh and these are

repayable in equal installments spread over a period of 10-12

years.

Important schemes of financing SFC are

1) A loan scheme for financing of village and cottage industries.

Under this scheme they are financed to the extent of Rs. 25,000

and the interest rate is very low.


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2) Assistance to tiny units these grant assistance up to Rs. 2.00

lakh.

3) Scheme for technical entrepreneur in order to encourage self

employment these corporation provide financial assistance up to

Rs.2.00 lakh at very low interest rate to such technical

entrepreneurs who have acquired a diploma or degree in any

discipline of engineering .

4) Loans to hotel industry

5) Scheme for SC/ST Grant financial assistance to SC/ST

entrepreneurs at a nominal margin rates are charged at the rate of

10%.

6) Scheme for physically handicapped these provide financial

assistance up to Rs. 3.00 lakh at a rate of 10%.

COMMERCIAL BANKS

SBI and its subsidiary banks and other nationalized banks provide

liberal term loans and working capital to small scale entrepreneurs

and these loans are advanced for purchase of machine and material


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and to the technical entrepreneurs to encourage self employment.

Specialized institute like, Central Institute of Tool Design,

Hyderabad, Central Tool Room, Ludhiana and Kolkata, Central

Institute of Hand Tool Jalandhar, Institute for Design of Electrical

Measuring Instruments (IDEMI) Mumbai, Integrated Trading

centre, Nilokhedi, National institute of small Industry Exton,

Hydrabad and National Institute for Entrepreneurship and Small

Business Development. They conduct special courses,

programmers, Workshops, training programmers for the benefits of

small scale industries.

Credit Support

Credit is the prime input for sustained growth of small scale sector

and its availability continued to be a matter of concern. To provide

credit support to the various SSI units various policies have been

formulates by the GOI. Various institutes like SFC, SIDC,

NISC, and SIDBI are providing financial supports to various SSI

units

CONCEPT OF MARKETING


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Studies reveal that different organizations have different

perception of marketing and these different perceptions have led to

the promotion of different concept of marketing. It is found that at

least 5 distinct concept of marketing have guided and are still

guided business terms. They are:

1. Exchange concept.

2. Production concept.

3. Product concept.

4. Sales concept.

5. Marketing concept.

1. Exchange concept:- the exchange concept of marketing as the

name indicates hold that the exchange of a product b/w the seller a

buyer is a central idea of marketing. But a proper scrutiny of the

marketing would readily reveal that marketing is very much

broader than exchange. The other important aspect of marketing

such as concern for the customer, the generation of the venue

satisfaction, the creative selling and integrated action for service


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the customer get completely overshadowed in this concept of

marketing.

2. Production concept: - According to the production concept

marketing is a merely related to production .They believe that

marketing can be managed by managing production. The concept

hold that consumer would as a rule supported these product that

are product in a great volume and allow unit cost organization

voting for this concept are influenced by a drive to produce all that

they can .They do achieve high production efficiency and a

substantial reduction in the unit cost of production. Yet they often

do not get customer as they expected. Customers after all are

motivated by a verity consideration in their purchases. Easy

availability and low cost are not only parameters governing the

costumers buying action and the production concept thus fails to

drive as the right marketing polices for the enterprise.

3. Product concept: - The product concept is somewhat stiff from

the production concept where as the production concept seeks to


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win markets & profits via high volume of production and low unit

cost of production. The product concept to seek to archive the

same results via product excellence, improved product, new

products and ideally design and engendered products. It also places

emphasis on quality assurance. Origination that subscribes to the

product concept of marketing believes that customer goods

automatically vote for products of high quality they spent

considerable energy. Time and money own research and

development brings in a verity of new product. They do not bother

to study the market and consumer in depth. They get totally

embraced with the product and almost forget the customer for

whom the product is actually meant. They fail to find what the

customers actually needs and what they would gladly aspect.

4. Sale concept: - the sale concept maintains that a company

cannot expect its product to get pick up automatically by the

costumer. the company has to consciously promote and push its

heavy advertisement, high power personal selling, large scale sale

promotion, heavy price discount and strong publicity and public


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relation are the normal tool used by the origination that relay on

the concept. Evidently the sale concepts too generate marketing

myopia just as a exchange concept, production concept and

product concept. Its lead to wrong or inadequate understanding of

the market and consequently a total failure in the market place.

5. Marketing concept

Importance of marketing to the society:-

a)Marketing helps to achieve maintain and rise the standard ofliving marketing bring new variety of good to the consumer

and better and rigorous marketing gives soon for mass

production. Under mass production the cost of product is low

people can more goods for their money, which results in high

standard of living.

b)Marketing increases employment opportunity.c)Marketing helps to increases national income.d)Marketing is a connecting link between consumer and

producer.


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e)Marketing helps to maintain stability:-economic stability is thesine of any efficient and dynamic economy and economy

stability is maintained only when there is balance in supply and

demand. If production is more then demand the access goods

cannot be sold at acceptable prices then stokes of goods would

be picked up and there would be glut all the market in fall in

price. Similarly, if production is less then demand price is

shooting up resulting in higher price. In such a situation

marketing maintains the economic stability by balancing

production and consumption.

STEPS IN MARKETING MANAGEMENT

1. Product planning

2. Sale Forecasting

3. Pricing Policy

4. Distribution Strategy

5. Role of Advertising (personal selling)


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6. Quality

1. Product planning:-product planning may be defined as the act

of marketing out and supervising the search, screening,

development and commercialization of new product, modification

of existing line.

Product planning involves three important considerations

a)The development and Induction of new ideas.b)The modification of exiting lines as may be required in term of

changing costumers need and performance.

c)The discontinuance of elimination of marginal or unprofitableproduct.

Product can be classified as:-

1. Customer products

2. Industrial products

3. Defense products


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1. Costumer products:-goods design for use ultimately by the

costumer or household and in such from they can be used without

commercial processing.

2. Industrial products:-goods which are designed to be sold

primarily for use in producing goods destined to be sold primarily

to the ultimate consumers.

3. Sale Forecast Defined: - a sales forecast is an estimate for the

amount or unit sale for a specified future period under a purposed

marketing plan or program.

As define by American marketing association it is an estimate of

sales in dollars or physical units for a specified future period

under a purposed marketing plan or program and under an

assumed set of economic and other forces outside the unit for

which forecast is made.

Marketing of proper sale forecast require an assessment of:-

1 The outside uncontrollable forces likely to influences the

company sales.


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2. The internal proposed changes in the marketing strategies and

tactics of the company which are likely to affect the sale.

Sales forecast can be for a specified product line or can be for a

market as a whole or for any portion of it. According to the time

period, the sales forecast can be divided under three types-

1. Short Run Forecasts: - which generally extends from a few

weeks to about six months or at most one year in future.

Companies mostly do this as day-to-day forecasts for their

production control needs and to plan for long term financial

needs.

2. Medium Range Forecasts: - which extends from one year to

about four years into future.

This type of forecasting is important for

a)Estimating profits, budgeting expenses etc.b)Determining dividing policyc)Deciding rate of maintenance expenditured)Determining schedule of operation.


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It is use full for the following purposes:-

a) Estimating inventory requirement

b) Providing adequate shipping facilities

c) Assessing production worker requirements.

d) Estimating working capital needs

e) Setting production runs for each product

f) Fining sales quotes

3. Long Range Forecast: - Extending to least five years into

futures and in case of really large organization extending over a

longer period up to ten years or even more.

It is useful in following ways:-

1. Anticipating the magnitude and timing of capital expenditures

required for new facilities in the future.

2. Determining probable trends and range of cash inflow from

sales.

3. Estimating companies long range personnel needs.

4. Highlighting futures problems.


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3. Pricing polices: - Pricing is a very critical decision. Pricing

decision is not easy to make. Hence sound pricing policies must be

adopted to ensure that the originations secure satisfactory profit.

For pricing decision a marketing manager has to be familiar with

economic concept useful in pricing decision. He has to consider

various pricing factor which infusing price a part from cost such as

costumer characteristics, the economical product characteristics,

competitive environment and government control whenever

applicable. The pricing of the product materially affected the

demand for it as well as the origination competitive ability for

expenditure if the quality of the product is to be improved this may

be possible only if the costumer are willing to pay higher price for

it. Besides, if the product is not properly priced there might be

reluctance from the channels of distribution.

4. Distribution Strategy: - distribution may be defined as an

operation or a series of operation, which physically bring goods

manufactured or produced by only particular manufactured into the

hands of the final consumers to the users. Distribution strategies


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consist of distribution or sub-dividing the total products of a

manufacturer on a geographical basis to various specific markets.

There may be a state market, a National Market or even a

worldwide market for the production while defining a strategy we

have to deal with two aspects. First, is the organizational aspects, it

is concerned with how and through what channels we should

distribute. For this general marketing policy is responsible for

deciding the various channels for distribution. Secondly, is the

operational aspect of distribution or the physical distribution, it is

concerned with moving of goods from one place to other,

including the warehousing storage and transportation costs as well

includes. These aspects are sometimes described as logistics of

distribution

Advertising: - To counter the market at National and

International level the GOI set up various institutes like:- 1) Export

Credit Guarantee Corporation Ltd. (ECGC)

2) State Trading Corporation. (STC)

3) Trade Development Authority.


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4) National Small Industries Corporation. (NSIC)

Organizational Structure of SSI: - There are 28 SISIs set up in

State Capital and other industrial cities all over the country. The

main activities of these institutions are as follows: -

-Assistance/Consultancy of prospective entrepreneurs.

- Project profiles.

-Entrepreneurship development programmes.

- Motivational campaigns.

-Production index.

- Management development programmes.

-Energy conservation.

-Quality control and up gradation.

-Export promotion.

-Market surveys.

-Intensive technical assistance.


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Organizations under SSI:-

1) Regional Testing Centers (RTCs)

2) Field Testing Stations (FTSs)

3) Tool Rooms / Tool Design Industries (TRs/TDs)

4) Trading institutes:

- National Institute of Small Industry Extension Training

(NISIET)

-National Institute for Entrepreneurship and small business

development (NIESBUD), New Delhi.

-Integrated Training Centre (Industries), Nilokhedi (Haryana).

5) Product-cum- Process Development Centre (PPDICs)

Six centers are in existence. There are:-

- Firozabad for Glass Industry.

- Kannauj for Essential Oils.

- Meerut for Sports Goods and Leisure Time Equipment.

- Agra for foundry and forgings.

- Ramnagar for Electronic Industries.

-Mumbai for Electrical Measuring Instruments.


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The main motive of these centers is to upgrade the technology of

the manufacturer and help in energy conservation.

Training Institutes:- All the three training institutes mentioned

above are an autonomous body and are under the administrative

control of the office of DC (SSI).Their objectives is to identify

and motivate traditional /nontraditional entrepreneurs and to

provide training at National and International level .These

institutes provide training by imparting seminars and workshops

on topical issues . The integrated Training Centre (Industry),

Nilokhedi is the only institute that imparts training to the junior

field staff i.e. Investigators / SIPOs to expose to and educate them

in the programmes and policies of development and promotion of

small industries. At present its training consists of courses like

1) Rewinding of electric motors and house wiring.

2) Repair to diesel engine and agricultural water pumps.

3) Servicing and repair to automobiles (cars and scooters).


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SWOT Analysis

Introduction

Environmental opportunities are only potential opportunities unless

the organization can utilize resources to take advantage of them

and until the strategic leader decides that it is appropriate to pursue

the opportunity. It is therefore important to evaluate environment

opportunities in relation to the strengths and weaknesses of the

organizations resources, and in relation to the organizations

resources, and in relation to the organizational culture. Real

opportunities exist when there is a close fit between environment,

values and resources. An evaluation of an organizations strengths

and weaknesses in relation to environmental opportunities and

threats is generally referred to as a SWOT analysis. The following

report will look closely into the SWOTs concept, its main aspects,

and criteria for successful and effective SWOT analysis.

SWOT is an acronym for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities,

Threats. Occasionally, it may also be found as a WOTS up

analysis or the TOWS analysis. A SWOT analysis is a planning

tool used to understand the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities,


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and Threats involved in a project or in a business. It involves

stating the objective of the business or project and identifying the

internal and external factors that are either supportive or

unfavourable to achieving that objective. SWOT is often used as

part of a strategic or business planning process, but can be useful

in understanding an organisation or situation and decision-making

for all sorts of situations.

The concept

Any organisation undertaking strategic planning will at some point

assess its own strengths and weaknesses. When combined with an

inventory of opportunities and threats in the organisations external

environment, the organisation is effectively making a SWOT

analysis, that is it is establishing its current position in light of its

Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats.

There are several ways of graphically representing the SWOT

analysis matrix or grid. Examples are shown later in this factsheet.

While at first glance the SWOT looks like a simple model and easyto apply, experience shows that to do a SWOT analysis that is both

effective and meaningful, requires time and a significant resource.

It requires a team effort and cannot be done effectively by only one


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person. The SWOT methodology has the advantage of being used

as a 'quick and dirty' tool or a comprehensive management tool,

and that one (the quick) can lead to the other (the comprehensive).

This flexibility is one of the factors that has contributed to its

success.

The term SWOT analysis is in itself a curious term, for a SWOT

is not an analysis in itself, but a number of elements when used

together form a valuable framework for analysis. It is essentially a

summary of a set of previous analyses even if those were just 15

minutes of mini-brainstorming with yourself in front of your

computer although this approach is not recommended! The

analysis, or more correctly interpretation, comes after the SWOT

summary has been produced.

History

The SWOT analysis technique is credited to Albert Humphrey who

led a research project at Stanford University in the 1960s and

1970s using data from leading companies involved in long range

planning processes. The original goal was to identify why

corporate planning failed. Humphrey created a team method forplanning originally called SOFT analysis (Satisfactory,

Opportunity, Fault, Threat) which was used by organisations like


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WH Smith who made it part of their long range planning

programme for almost 20 years.

The thinking behind the tool was:

What is good in the present is Satisfactory. What is good in the future is an Opportunity.

What is bad in the present is a Fault. What is bad in the future is a Threat.

Humphreys work has developed the implementation to use the

SOFT in the context of six categories which provide a framework

by which issues can be developed into actions and managed using

teams:

Product: what are we selling? Process: how are we selling it? Customer: to whom are we selling it? Distribution: how does it reach them?

Finance: what are the prices, costs and investments? Administration: how do we manage all this?


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SWOT / TOWS ANALYSIS: - These can be defined as follows

and can of below type for industry or organization:-

STRENGTH:- Determine an organisations strong points. This

should be from both internal and external customers. Strength is a

resource advantage relative to competitors and the needs of the

markets a firm serves or expects to serve. It is a distinctive

competence when it gives the firm a comparative advantage in the

marketplace.

WEAKNESS:-Determine an organisations weaknesses, not only

from its point of view, but also more importantly, from customers.

Although it may be difficult for an organisation to acknowledge its

weaknesses it is best to handle the bitter reality without

procrastination. A weakness is a limitation or deficiency in one or

more resources or competencies relative to competitors that

impedes a firms effective performance

OPPORTUNITIES:- Another major factor is to determine how

organisations can continue to grow within the marketplace. After

all, opportunities are everywhere, such as the changes in

technology, government policy, social patterns, and so on. An

opportunity is a major situation in a firms environment. Key
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trends are one source of opportunities. Identification of a

previously overlooked market segment, changes in competitive or

regulatory circumstances, technological changes, and improved

buyer or supplier relationships could represent opportunities for the

firm.

THREATS:- No one likes to think about threats, but we still have

to face them, despite the fact that they are external factors that are

out of our control, for example, the recent economic slump in Asia.

It is vital to be prepared and face threats even during turbulent

times. A threat is a major unfavourable situation in a firms

environment. Threats are key impediments to the firms current or

desired position. The entrance of new competitors, slow market

growth, increased bargaining power of key buyers or suppliers,technological changes, and new or revised regulations could

represent there threats to a industrials firms success.


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TABLES & DIAGRAM:-


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How to Write a Good SWOT Analysis

In order to write a good SWOT the following criteria must be

taken

Make your points long enough, and include enough detail, to

make it plain why a particular factor is important, and why it can

be considered as a strength, weakness, opportunity or threat.

Include precise evidence, and cite figures, where possible;

Be a specific as you can about the precise nature of a firms

strength and weakness. Do not be content with general factors like

economies of scale;

Avoid vague, general opportunities and threats that could be put

forward for just about any organisation under any circumstances;

Do not mistake the outcomes of strength (such as profits and

market share) for strengths in their won right;

Improvements is not the same as strength do not confuse the

two.


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Avoid contradicting yourself in the course of the analysis, by

having strengths and weaknesses that are essentially different

aspects of the same strategy of resource. Come to a reasoned

conclusion about whether the good points outweigh the bad ones.

Situational analysisSWOT ANALYSIS

Translating SWOT issues into actions under the six categories1.Product (what are we selling?)2.Process (how are we selling it?)3.Customer (to whom are we selling it?)4.Distribution (how does it reach them?)5.Finance (what are the prices, costs and investments?)6.Administration (and how do we manage all this?)


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SWOT ANALYSIS DIAGRAM

Quadrant 1 is the most desirable position. The firm faces a lot ofopportunities and with complimentary internal strengths to execute

those opportunities. That situation supports growth oriented

strategies to exploit or capitalize on the match. Microsoft and

American Online companies follow this intensive development

strategy. The least favourable situation would be quadrant 4. The

firm faces many environmental threats and it is in a weak position.

This situation will call for strategies that reduce or redirect

involvement in the products or markets examined by SWOT


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analysis. A lot of companies in an insolvent situation may fall into

this segment.

A firm in quadrant 2 with key strengths would face an unfavorable

environment. The strategies here is to use current strengths to build

long term opportunities in better product markets. Transportation

firms such as Greyhound bus company when faced with long term

threats such as increased competition from rail and airlines and

rising costs diversified into non passenger services such as freight

and financial services.

A firm in quadrant 3 encounters impressive and favourable market

opportunity but is constrained by internal weaknesses. The strategy

for this firm is to focus on eliminating the internal weaknesses so

that market opportunities can be pursued more effectively.

SWOT analysis provides an excellent means through which

managers can examine their firms current positions. However it

does not detail or show how firms try to identify or spot internal

strengths and weaknesses. A Functional Analysis whereby

departments such as Marketing, Finance Information Systems and

Operations are thoroughly examined to detect past trends of sales,

costs, profitability and productivity. These results are compared

with industry standards. This further reduces the analysis to Value


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Chain Analysis - dividing the firm into sets of separate activities

that add value.

SWOT analysis is a simple framework for generating strategic

alternatives from a situation analysis. The SWOT framework was

described in the late 1960's by Edmund P. Learned, C. Roland

Christiansen, Kenneth Andrews, and William D. Guth in Business

Policy, Text and Cases (Homewood, IL: Irwin, 1969). The

following diagram shows how a SWOT analysis fits into a

strategic situation analysis.

Situation Analysis

/ \

Internal Analysis External Analysis

/ \ / \

Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats

|

SWOT Profile

The internal and external situation analysis can produce a large

amount of information, much of which may not be highly relevant.

The SWOT analysis classifies the internal aspects of the company

as strengths or weaknesses and the external situational factors as

opportunities or threats. By understanding these four aspects of its

situation, a firm can better leverage its strengths, correct its


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weaknesses, capitalize on golden opportunities, and deter

potentially devastating threats.

Internal Analysis

The internal analysis is a comprehensive evaluation of the internal

environment's potential strengths and weaknesses. Factors should

be evaluated across the organization in areas such as:

Company culture Company image Organizational structure Key staff Access to natural resources Position on the experience curve

Operational efficiency Operational capacity Brand awareness Market share Financial resources Exclusive contracts Patents and trade secrets

The SWOT analysis summarizes the internal factors of the firm as

a list of strengths and weaknesses.


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External Analysis

An opportunity is the chance to introduce a new product or service

that can generate superior returns. Opportunities can arise when

changes occur in the external environment. Many of these changes

can be perceived as threats to the market position of existing

products and may necessitate a change in product specifications or

the development of new products in order for the firm to remain

competitive. Changes in the external environment may be related

to:

Customers Competitors Market trends Suppliers Partners Social changes New technology Economic environment Political and regulatory environment

Markets (customers) Competition Technology Supplier markets


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Labour markets The economy The regulatory environment The last four items in the above list are macro-environmental

variables, and are addressed in a PEST analysis.

The SWOT analysis summarizes the external environmental

factors as a list of opportunities and threats.

SWOT Profile

When the analysis has been completed, a SWOT profile can be

generated and used as the basis of goal setting, strategy

formulation, and implementation. The completed SWOT profile

sometimes is arranged as follows:

Strengths Weaknesses

1.

2.

3.

1.

2.

3.

Opportunities Threats
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1.

2.

3.

1.

2.

3.

Applications and when to use it

A SWOT analysis can be used for:

Workshop sessions Brainstorm meetings Problem solving Planning Strategic planning Product evaluation Competitor evaluation Personal development planning decision making


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Subject of SWOT analysis:

(define the subject of theanalysis here)

Strengths

Advantages ofproposition

Capabilities Competitive advantages USP's (unique selling

points)

Resources, Assets,People

Experience, knowledge,data

Financial reserves, likelyreturns

Marketing - reach,distribution, awareness

Innovative aspects Location and

Weaknesses

Disadvantages ofproposition

Gaps in capabilities Lack of competitive

strength

Reputation, presence andreach

Financials Own known

vulnerabilities

Timescales, deadlinesand pressures

Cash flow, start-up cash-drain

Continuity, supply chain


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geographical

Price, value, quality Accreditations,

qualifications,

certifications

Processes, systems, IT,communications

Cultural, attitudinal,behavioural

Management cover,succession

robustness

Effects on core activities,distraction

Reliability of data, planpredictability

Morale, commitment,leadership

Accreditations, etc

Processes and systems,etc

Management cover,succession


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Opportunities

Market developments Competitors'

vulnerabilities?

Industry or lifestyletrends

Technologydevelopment and

innovation

Global influences New markets, vertical,

horizontal

Niche target markets Geographical, export,

import

New USP's Tactics - surprise, major

contracts, etc

Business and product

Threats

Political effects Legislative effects Environmental effects IT developments Competitor intentions -

various

Market demand New technologies,

services, ideas

Vital contracts andpartners

Sustaining internalcapabilities

Obstacles faced Insurmountable

weaknesses

Loss of key staff Sustainable financial


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development

Information andresearch

Partnerships, agencies,distribution?

Volumes, production,economies

Seasonal, weather,fashion influences

backing

Economy - home, abroad Seasonality, weather

effects

Advantages and disadvantages of using SWOT analysisAdvantages

Simple four box framework. Facilitates an understanding of the strengths and weaknesses

of the organisation.

Encourages the development of strategic thinking. Enables a management team to focus on strengths and build

opportunities.

Can enable an organisation to anticipate future businessthreats and take action to avoid or minimise their impact.


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Can enable an organisation to spot business opportunities andexploit them fully.

Flexible.

Disadvantages

Some users over simplify the amount of data used fordecisionsit is easy to use scant data.

To be effective this process needs to be undertaken on a

regular basis.

The best reviews require different people being involvedeach having a different perspective.

Access to quality internal data sources, this can be timeconsuming and politically difficult (especially in more

complex organisationsparent company etc).

The pace of change makes it increasingly difficult toanticipate developments that may affect an organisation in

the future.

The risk of capturing too much data is that it may make itdifficult to see the wood for the trees and lead to paralysis

by analysis. The data used in the analysis may be based on assumptions

that subsequently prove to be unfounded (good and bad).

Lacks detailed structureso easy to miss key elements.


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SWOT analysis dos and donts

DO get other people involved. DO exploit any expertise and resources that are already

available within the organisation.

DO use SWOT analysis in conjunction with other techniques,such as PESTLE analysis, PRIMO-F analysis, Porter's five

forces, competitor analysis or scenario planning etc.

DO incorporate your analysis within an ongoing process formonitoring changes in the business environment.

DONT try to do this on your own. DONT jump to conclusions about the future based on the

past or the present.

Etps Feasibility Report

Documents

Transcript of Etps Feasibility Report