Etourism Chapter 1 Part 1

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Riadh Ben Messaoud 2

E-Tourism Web site: http://fsegn.rnu.tn/ Objectives: Sensitize students to the influence of ICTs in promoting tourism.

Integrate new skills about ICTs in the field of marketing and tourism.

Provide students with a big picture on current and future trends in tourism informatics including visual recommender systems, social communities, and user interface design.

Required knowledge: General knowledge on ICTs are much appreciated.


E-Tourism References:

Tourism Management Dynamics: Trends, management, and tools. Dimitrios Buhalis and Carlos Costa. Elsevier, 2006.

Marketing in Travel and Tourism. Victor T. C. Middleton, Alan Fyall and Michael Morgan. Elsevier (fourth edition), 2009.

Tourism Informatics: Visual Travel Recommender Systems, Social Communities, and User Interface Design. Nalin Sharda. Information science reference, 2010.

Knowledge Management in Hospitality and Tourism. RicardaB. Bouncken and Sungsoo Pyo. The Haworth Hospitality Press, 2002.


Layout1. ICTs Revolutionizing Tourism2. Travel Recommender Systems for E-Tourism3. Social Communities in E-Tourism4. User Interface Aspects of E-Tourism5. Tourism Marketing Information System


Layout1. ICTs Revolutionizing Tourism

1. Introduction

2. Technological developments

3. ICT empowered change

4. Strategies for e‐Tourism in the future

5. IT trends and implications for tourism


Introduction Information communication technologies (ICTs) have

been transforming tourism globally

ICT has gradually generated a new paradigms altering the industry structure

developing range of opportunities and threats

ICTs empower consumers to… identify, customize and purchase tourism products

providing tools for developing, managing and distributing offerings worldwide

support the globalization of the industry


Introduction ICTs play a critical role for the competitiveness of tourism

organizations and destinations

ICTs are becoming a key determinant of organizational competitiveness

A wide range of technological developments propels this evolution.

Successful ICT deployment requires innovative management

Constantly review developments and adopt the suitable technological solutions in order to maximize competitiveness

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Technological developments Massive enhancements in processing

capabilities Computers handle complex algorithms with a constantly increasing speed of computation

Nowadays, ICTs can: control the entire organization

host data

host applications

handle the entire business process


Technological developments Nowadays, nanotechnologies can: facilitate the minimization of hardware

reduce production costs

improve the portability of devices

Nowadays, nanoelectronics can: provide the high‐technology

low‐cost manufacturing required

make systems become invisible and disappear into the background


Technological developments


Technological developments Personal computers enable both voice and data communications

Development of mobile and portable devices laptops

tablet PCs

personal digital assistants (PDAs)

smart phones

Significant computation power, storage and portability offering lightweight portable

People will soon carry a device that incorporates both a mobile phone and a fairly powerful and permanently connected


Technological developments The proliferation of the Internet, intranets and

extranets supports communications between: employees, units, organizations, external partners, consumers

Intranets and enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems provide: inter‐organizational systems an integrated electronic infrastructure synergies and interoperability between processes reduction of labour costs and increase efficiency better informed decisions improved employees performance better internal efficiency interactivity between organizations


Technological developments The Internet empowered the distribution of multimedia

applications: textual data, graphics, pictures, videos, and sounds

Search engines (such as Google and Yahoo) provide capability to find anything, including destination and product information

An electronic marketplace has emerged and suppliers have developed Internet interfaces to communicate with clientele and partners to sell directly

New intermediaries also emerged to: take advantage of the Internet capabilities

aggregate products through dynamic packaging

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Technological developments Internet broadband access is charged based on flat access fees, resulting in

both: the expansion of time people spend online e‐commerce involvement

Wireless and mobile networks have been developed to allow accesseverywhere The Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) Voice communication Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) Data communication General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Third generation (3G) mobile services Multimedia communications Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) Connectivity of portable devices through

wireless‐radio connections (WiFi) Bluetooth connects devices over short distances

Increasingly devices are equipped with Bluetooth,WiFi and 3G capabilities


Technological developments

Wireless technologies convergence


Technological developments The digital television: will bring the Internet to the living room of most families

User friendly interfaces based on an advanced television: will be easily operated through a simplified keyboard

will enable the vast majority of the population to have direct access to organizations electronically

will bring electronic commerce to the mass digital market


ICT empowered change The next major revolution will emerge in the form of

ambient intelligence “a set of properties of an environment that we are in the process of creating” (ISTAG 2003)

A new paradigm for how people can work and live together

Humans will be surrounded by intelligent interfaces: supported by computing and networking technology

embedded in everyday objects (furniture, clothes, vehicles, roads and smart materials, particles of decorative substances like paint)


ICT empowered change

User-centred, participative, ambient intelligence


ICT empowered change Humans will live in an ambient intelligence space

This implies a seamless environment of: computing advanced networking technology specific interfaces

This environment should be: aware of the specific characteristics of human presence and personalities

adapt to the needs of users be capable of responding intelligently to spoken or gestured indications of desire

result in systems that are capable of engaging in intelligent dialogue

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ICT empowered change Ambient intelligence facilitates participation of

humans in: Society A multiplicity of social and business communities the administration and management of all aspects of their lives, from entertainment to governance

It should be unobtrusive and interaction should be relaxed and enjoyable rather than involve a steep learning curve

To be acceptable, ambient intelligence needs to be: driven by humanistic concerns not technologically determined controllable by ordinary people


ICT empowered change Pursuit of the ambient intelligence vision will require

contributions from many streams of research to realize both “ambience” and “intelligence”

Which mechanisms can be found to ensure: the successful, seamless, integration of components?

their convergence into ambient intelligence systems?

Ambient intelligence will enable: the formation of virtual enterprises,

the fluid configuration of business processes

the seamless interoperation of information systems


ICT empowered change Ambient intelligence will support organizations to:

accept organizational changes

participate in several networks without the need radically to alter their company cultures and preferred methods of working

Therefore, ambient intelligence must be: performing specific research

embodying results in particular technologies and products

seeking to commercialize products

The technical complexity of modern systems based on ICTsrequires: that all aspects of the innovation chain integrate their efforts

engagement of both the research and business communities

integration of the rapid co‐evolution of the technology, the market, and social and administrative requirements

Etourism Chapter 1 Part 1

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