ETIP PV conference: 'Photovoltaics: centre-stage in the power system

OPENINGSESSIONChair:MarkoTopic,University ofLjubljana,ChairofETIPPV• Welcome bytheorganisers

• Pierre-JeanAletandVenizelos Efthymiou,LeadersoftheGrid Integration workinggroupofETIPPV

• Policykeynote:European Energy Union,EUstrategy• JeroenSchuppers,ECDGResearch &Innovation

• Technology/industry keynote:PVasmajorelectricity source• Eicke Weber,FraunhoferISE,EURECPresident

REPOWERINGEUROPEPhotovoltaics:centre-stageinthepowersystem

SESSIONI:Inverters:Thesmartinterface

Chair:NikosHatziargyriou,NTUA,ChairofETPSmartGrids

• Next generation ofsmartinverters andaspectswith respecttotheenergy transition• JanVanLaethem,SMA

• Supporting powerquality indistributionnetworkswith inverters• AndreasSchlumberger,KACONewEnergy

• Stability ofthepowersystemwith converter-interfacedgeneration• Marie-SophieDebry,RTE


SESSIONII:StorageChair:WimSinke,ECNSolarEnergy,Vice-ChairofETIPPV

• Storagesupporting PVdeployment• VeronicaBermudez,EDF- R&D

• Impactofstorage onPVattractiveness• Mariska deWild-Schotten,SmartGreenScans

• Market development andprice roadmap• MarionPerrin,CEAINES

• Thevirtual battery:energy managementinbuildingsandneighbourhoods• EmanuelMarreel,Siemens


SESSIONIII:Electricity market andsystemoperations

Chair:Venizelos Efthymiou,University ofCyprus,Vice-LeaderoftheGrid Integrationworking groupofETIPPV

• Real-timemonitoring• NikosHatziargyriou,NTUA,ChairofETPSmartGrids

• Forecasting usecases• MarionLafuma,Reuniwatt

• Market access• MaherChebbo,SAP


SESSIONIV:PVchanging thepowerbusiness

Chair:Pierre-JeanAlet,CSEM,LeaderoftheGrid Integration working groupofETIPPV

• Changing roles:businessmodels• Johannesvon Clary,E.On

• PVvalueforEuropebeyond electrons• JamesWatson,SolarPower Europe


Jeroen SCHUPPERS

European Commission,

DG Research and Innovation

An Energy Union for Research, Innovation and Competitiveness

Repowering Europe Brussels, 18 May 2016

1

Towards an Energy Union

● The Energy Union is a top priority for this

Commission

● More cooperation/coordination among MS is

expected in order to better face current

challenges, in particular as regards energy

security and climate

● More cooperation/coordination among MS is the

foundation of the European Research Area 2

1. Energy security, solidarity and trust

2. A fully integrated European energy market

3. Energy efficiency contributing to moderation of demand

4. Decarbonising the economy

5. Research, Innovation and Competitiveness

Energy Union (5 pillars):

5

The new Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET Plan)

3

4

Strategic Energy Technology (SET) Plan

● The technology pillar of EU energy and climate change policy

● In force since 2010/11

● Objective: to accelerate the development of a portfolio of low carbon technologies leading to their market take-off

First links to policy agenda: 2020 targets for energy & climate

Focus on individual technologies with market and target impact up to 2020

A bit of history…

-20 % Greenhouse

Gas Emissions

20% Renewable

Energy

20 % Energy

Efficiency

5

"Towards an Integrated Roadmap"

- 40 % Greenhouse Gas

Emissions

27 % Renewable

Energy

27% Energy Efficiency

Still links to policy agenda: 2030 updated targets for energy & climate

From individual technologies to energy system as a whole

New policy challenges: Consumer at the centre Energy efficiency (demand) System optimisation Technologies (supply)

6

Energy Union priorities

Ten actions to accelerate the energy system transformation (SET Plan)

No1 in Renewables

1. Performant renewable technologies integrated in the system

2. Reduce costs of technologies

Smart EU energy system, with consumer at the

centre

3. New technologies & services for consumers

4. Resilience & security of energy system

Efficient energy systems 5. New materials & technologies for buildings

6. Energy efficiency for industry

Sustainable transport 7. Competitive in global battery sector (e-mobility)

8. Renewable fuels

(9) Driving ambition in carbon capture storage and use deployment

(10) Increase safety in the use of nuclear energy

7

Making the SET Plan fit for new challenges

A more targeted focus

Stronger link with energy policy

A more integrated approach

Holistic view of the energy system

Full research and innovation chain

A new SET Plan governance

8

A new SET Plan governance model

1. Strengthened cooperation

With Members States [EU 28 + Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and Turkey]

With Stakeholders

o Opening and widening to new actors

o Bringing together all relevant stakeholders including, e.g. ETIPs, EERA, PPPs, JTIs, KET stakeholders, stakeholders from funding instruments under the Emissions Trading System…

2. More coordination between Members States:

More joint actions

9

3. Transparency, indicators and periodic reporting

Annual KPIs:

o Level of investments – public and private sector

o Trends in patents

o Number of researchers active in the sector

Every 2 years, progress should be measured on:

o Technology developments

o Cost reduction

o Systemic integration of new technologies

State of the Energy Union Report

4. Monitoring and knowledge sharing

A new SET Plan governance model

10

The SET Plan Actors

• European Commission

• Member States

• Stakeholder platforms

11

The SET Plan Actors

1. Member States [EU28 + CH, IS, NO, TR]

Steering Group (SG): Highest level discussion platform, chaired by the EC.

The SG Bureau: smaller but balanced representation of the SG to assist the EC in the preparation of meetings, chaired by the MS.

Joint Actions Working Group (JAWG): a working group of the SG open to all interested MS to discuss joint actions, chaired by the MS.

2. Stakeholder Platforms

European Technology and Innovation Platforms (ETIPs): Structures gathering all relevant stakeholders.

The European Energy Research Alliance (EERA)

Other EU Stakeholder platforms active in/relevant to the energy sector.

• 12

European Technology and Innovation Platforms (ETIPs)

Participants

● Continuation of existing ETPs and EIIs in unified Platforms per technology.

● Recognised interlocutors about sector specific R&I needs

● Composition – covering the whole innovation chain: industrial stakeholders (incl. SMEs), research organisations and academic stakeholders, business associations, regulators, civil society and NGOs, representatives of MS

Freedom to organise yourselves as you see fit.

13

European Technology and Innovation Platforms (ETIPs)

Main Role: strategic advice to the EC and the Steering Group based on consensus

● Prioritisation within the 10 key actions both on objectives and implementation;

● Implementation: what best at EU/national/regional/industrial level;

● Prepare and update Strategic Research and Innovation Agendas;

● Identify innovation barriers, notably related to regulation and financing;

● Report on the implementation of R&I activities at European, national/regional and industrial levels;

● Develop knowledge-sharing mechanisms that help bringing R&I results to deployment.

14

SET Plan implementation in a nutshell

1. Setting targets

2. Select and monitor specific R&I actions

3. Identify and agree on Joint Actions

4. Identify Flagship Actions (at European and national levels)

15

1. Setting targets

● 'Issues Papers' drafted by the Commission (RTD, ENER, JRC), setting the scene and proposing targets

● Publication on SETIS

● Broad stakeholder consultation

● Stakeholders submit position through 'Input Papers'

● Commission drafts 'Declaration of Intent'

● Discussion in meeting of the SET Plan Steering Group with invited stakeholders

● Agreement on targets and agree to develop an implementation plan

16

2. Select & monitor specific R&I actions

• Goals

• Detail what needs to be done over the next years to achieve the targets at European and national level

• Limited set of actions (technological + non-technological)

• Resources + timeline for each R&I action

• Putting a monitoring system in place

• Work to be done in temporary Working Groups

• within ETIP when there is one

• Timeline: ~2-3 months

17

3. Identify/agree on Joint Actions

• Goal • Identify and decide on Joint Actions

• Strategy to be developed for the SET 10 Key Actions • Joint Actions with EU (ERA-Nets) & non-EU funds

• Joint Programming beyond ERA Net

• Joining EU risk financing facility

• Joint policy actions

• Work to be done by the JAWG

• Countries engaged in ERA-Nets

• Results reported to SG and feed Implementation Plan

18

4. Identify Flagship Actions

• Goal

• Identify Flagship Actions (at European or national levels) and specify to which actions they contribute and who implements them

• When no Joint Actions are possible, Flagship Actions can fill the gap

• What is a Flagship Action?

A Flagship action is considered the best example of what R&I can produce in a given sector or with a specific technology in order to reach the SET Plan targets. The innovation potential and the "leading by example" features are key. A flagship action is meant to make a real change in the low-carbon energy technologies landscape.

• Work to be done by the Working Groups

19

Working Groups

• Mission

• To develop the Implementation Plans

• Aligned with Declaration of Intent

• Composition (~ 30)

• Experts from ETIPs

• Input from SET Plan countries (= government representatives) & EC

• Chaired by a champion country + champion industrial stakeholder

• Which countries?

• High policy interest in the sector and committed to engage in Joint Actions

20

● WGs will join the 3 pieces together and finalize the Implementation Plans

● Plans are then reviewed by the SG and adopted when there is consensus

● "On the ground" implementation should follow

Working Groups

21

Example of aggregated information

22

Example of aggregated information

23

24

Follow the process on SETIS

https://setis.ec.europa.eu/towards-an-integrated-SET-Plan

More information:

Thank you for your attention

25

© Fraunhofer ISE

PHOTOVOLTAICS AS MAJOR ELECTRICITY

SOURCE

Eicke R. Weber

Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy

Systems ISE and

University of Freiburg, Germany

REPOWERING EUROPE

PV European Technology & Innovation

Platform

Brussels, Belgium, May 18, 2016

© Fraunhofer ISE

2

Cornerstones for the Transformation of our Energy System to efficient use of finally 100% renewable energy –

Energy efficiency: buildings, production, transport

Massive increase in renewable energies: photovoltaics, solar and geo

thermal, wind, hydro, biomass...

Fast development of the electric grid: transmission and distribution grid,

bidirectional

Small and large scale energy storage systems: electricity, hydrogen,

methane, methanol, biogas, solar heat, hydro.....

Sustainable mobility as integral part of the energy system: electric

mobility with batteries and hydrogen/fuel cells

© Fraunhofer ISE

3

Contribution of RES to Electricity Supply in Germany

Historical Development

Data: BMWi

3%

30%

41 GW Wind in 25a

39 GW PV in 15a

Electricity Feed-in Act:

Jan. 1991 - March 2000

EEG:

January 2009

1,000 roofs

program:

1991-1995

100,000 roofs

program:

1999-2003

EEG:

August 2004

EEG:

April 2000

© Fraunhofer ISE

4

Long-term utility-scale PV system price scenarios

Source: Fraunhofer ISE (2015): Current and Future Cost of Photovoltaics.

Study on behalf of Agora Energiewende

© Fraunhofer ISE

5 Source: Fraunhofer ISE (2015): Current and Future Cost of Photovoltaics.

Study on behalf of Agora Energiewende

Levelized Cost of Electricity

Solar Power will soon be the Cheapest Form of

Electricity in Many Regions of the World

© Fraunhofer ISE

6

Source: Solarbuzz 2014

© Fraunhofer ISE

7

Crystalline Silicon Technology Portfolio

c-Si PV is not a Commodity, but a High-Tech Product!

material quality

diffusion length

base conductivity

device quality

passivation of surfaces

low series resistance

light confinement

cell structures

PERC: Passivated Emitter

and Rear Cell

MWT: Metal Wrap Through

IBC-BJ: Interdigitated Back

Contact – Back Junction

HJT: Hetero Junction Technology

Adapted from Preu et al., EU-PVSEC 2009

material

quality module

efficiency

Industry

Standard

IBC-BJ

HJT

PERC

MWT- PERC

20%

19%

18%

17%

16%

15% 14%

21%

device quality

BC- HJT

© Fraunhofer ISE

8

Advanced Cell Technologies

Passivated Emitter and

Rear PERC1

Metal Wrap-Through

MWT-PERC2

2Dross et al., Proc. 4th WCPEC, 2006, pp. 1291-4

1Blakers et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 55, pp. 1363-5, 1989

Heterojunction on Intrinsic layer

HIT3

Interdigitated Back Contact/Junction

IBC-BJ4

Passivating Layer Local Contacts

Metal Wrap Through Contact Passivating Layer

Local Contacts

Lightly Doped Front Diffusion Texture+passivation Layer

3 Sanyo/Panasonic 4 Sunpower

© Fraunhofer ISE

9

High-efficiency n-type PERL Cells

Lab Results

Excellent performance at cell level

Only very thin ALD layer

necessary

Best cell 705 41.1 82.5 23.9*

Voc

[mV]

Jsc

[mA/cm2]

FF

[%]

η

[%]

Benick et al., APL 92 (2008)

Glunz et al., IEEE-PVSC (2010)

*Confirmed at Fraunhofer ISE CalLab

ap = aperture area

(= bus bar included in illuminated area)

© Fraunhofer ISE

10

Advanced Cell Technologies

Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPCon)

TOPCon enables:

Excellent carrier-selectivity

High tolerance to high-temperature processes

Very high Voc and FF achieved due to

Excellent surface passivation

1D carrier flow pattern in base

Voc Jsc FF η

[mV] [mA/cm2] [%] [%]

Champion 719 41.5 83.4 24.9[*]

TOPCon: J0,rear 7 fA/cm²

n-base

[*]FZ-Si, n-type, 2x2 cm², aperture area, confirmed

by Fraunhofer ISE Callab

© Fraunhofer ISE

11

NexWafe:

Kerfless Wafer Production for High-Efficiency PV

Product: n-type wafer for

high-efficiency solar cells

ISE high-throughput

ProConCVD to grow the

epitaxial layer

Wafer thickness 150 µm

“drop-in” replacement for Cz-

wafer

Proof-of-concept verified on

small scale, upscaling under

way!

Wafers available 2017!

Removed

epitaxial

wafer

Seed wafer

re-usable

© Fraunhofer ISE

12

High-Efficiency III/V Based Triple-Junction Solar Cells

Slide: courtesy of F. Dimroth

© Fraunhofer ISE

13

GaInP 1.9 eV

GaAs1.4 eV

GaInAsP 1.0 eV

GaInAs 0.7 eV

Bonding

InP engineered

substrate

InP based 4-Junction Solar Cell Results on Engineered

Substrate

One sun

QuadFlash: h = 46.1 % C = 312

3.2

3.6

4.0

4.4

80

85

90

1 10 100 1000

35

40

45

Vo

c [V

]F

F [%

]

lot29-02-x23y08

Single Flash

QuadFlashh [%

]

Concentration [suns]

© Fraunhofer ISE

14

BUT - how will this be achieved?

- Nanowire arrays f rom EPI TAXY

- Nanowire arrays f rom AEROTAXY

- may bring to the market single- Xtal I I I - V solar cells to the cost of Thin Films

Lars Samuelson, Lund, Sweden: “Nanowire Array Solar Cells”

!

Nanowire Array Solar Cells

© Fraunhofer ISE

15

PV-Production Capacity by Global Regions 1997-2012

Will China dominate the 100 GW/a World Market 2020?

Source: Navigant Consulting, Grafics: PSE AG 2013

© Fraunhofer ISE

16

World Market Outlook: Experts are Optimistic

Example Sarasin Bank, November 2010

market forecast (2010): 30 GWp in 2014, 110 GWp in 2020

annual growth rate: in the range of 20 % and 30 %

Newly installed (right)

Annual growth rate (left)

Sourc

e:

Sara

sin

, S

ola

r S

tudy,

Nov 2

010

Gro

wth

ra

te

2014:

ca. 40 GWp,

1/3 above

forecast!

Total new installations (right scale)

Annual growth (left scale)

© Fraunhofer ISE

17

Global PV Production Capacity and Installations

Source: Lux Research Inc., Grafik: PSE AG

Outlook for the development of supply and demand in the global PV market.

Production Capacity

Installations

Excess Capacity

Mo

du

le C

ap

ac

ity (

GW

)

Ex

ce

ss

Ca

pa

cit

y (

GW

)

© Fraunhofer ISE

18



Production Capacity

Installations

Excess Capacity

Mo

du

le C

ap

ac

ity (

GW

)

Ex

ce

ss

Ca

pa

cit

y (

GW

)

2008 – 2016:

1st cycle of PV

© Fraunhofer ISE

19



Production Capacity

Installations

Excess Capacity

Mo

du

le C

ap

ac

ity (

GW

)

Ex

ce

ss

Ca

pa

cit

y (

GW

)

From 2016:

Start of 2nd

cycle of PV!

© Fraunhofer ISE

20

PV Market Growth: PV heading into the Terawatt Range!

Source: IEA 2014

Rapid introduction of PV globally is fueled by availability of cost-competitive,

distributed energy

In 2050 between 4.000 and 30.000 GWp PV will be installed!

By 2015, less than 300 GWp have been installed!

We are just at

the beginning

of the global

growth curve!

© Fraunhofer ISE

21

How Will the Energy System Look Like in 2050?

Electricity

Heat Mobility

Develop a model to simulate the transformation of the energy system

© Fraunhofer ISE

22

© Fraunhofer ISE

Optimization of Germany’s future energy system based

on hourly modeling

REM od-D

Renewable

Energy Model –

Deutschland

Electricity generat ion,

storage and end-use

Fuels (including

biomass and synthet ic

fuels f rom RE)

Mobility

(bat tery-

elect ric,

hydrogen,

conv. fuel mix)

Processes in

industry and

tert iary sector

Heat

(buildings,

incl. storage

and heat ing

networks)

Comprehensive

analysis of the

overall system

Slide courtesy Hans-Martin Henning 2014

© Fraunhofer ISE

23

Renewables

Fossil

Renewables

Fossil

Renewables

Fossil

Renewables

Fossil

GW

CHP

HP

Renewables

Fossil

Electricity

Import

Electricity Renewables Surplus

Export Fossil

Hydrogen Raw biomass

Heat Liquid fuels

Gas Electricity

Hard coal PP

Nuclear PP

Reforming

Battery stor.

Pumped stor.

H2-2-Fuel

GT

CCGT

District heat

Oil PP

Lignite PP

Processing

Bio-2-el.

H2-storage

Electrolysis

Methanation

TWh

GW

0

108

TWh

TWh

GW

GW

Solar thermal

PV

Hydro power

Onshore wind

Offshore wind

Raw biomass

0

0 0

103

Biogas

storage

0

TWh 36 TWh

18

1

85

Bio-2-Liquid 9

1 TWh

TWh

TWh

Hard coal

Lignite

Petroleum

TWh

144

TWh

0 0

Natural gas

37 13

7 TWh

68 27

TWh 3 TWh

485 0 0

39

10

CO2 emissions 1990 (reference year) 990 Mio t CO2

CO2 emissions 196 Mio t CO2

CO2 reduktion related to 1990:

TWh

TWh 0 TWh

TWh

Uranium0 0

10

Primary fossil

energy carrier

445

384

Industry (fuel based

process)

Electricity (baseload)

80%

TWh

TWh TWh TWh GW

GW 215

237 Final energy

237 TWh

TWh 0

0 Conversion

0 Losses

375

Bio-2-CH4 0

0 TWh

TWh

TWh

TWh

103

77%

15 TWhTWh

0 Losses

502 Final energy

630 TWh

GW

GW

125

128 TWh

120 TWh

6 5

19 Battery veh.

TWh 0 TWhTWh

TWh

TWh

TWh

TWh

GWh

GWh

0 0

GWh

21

Consumption

sector

121

TWh

3

TWh

Deep

geothermal

Environ-

mental heat

Renewable

energy sources

Renewable raw

materials

Water

Sun

Bio-2-H2

0

176

32 TWh

0

Wind

335

TWh

Biodiesel

5 TWh

Energy conversion Storage

10

375

383

52

49

TWh

TWh

0

0

501 Final energy

860 TWh

TWh

TWh

TWh

GW

GW

GW

100%

GW

TWh

TWh

TWh

TWh

TWh

TWh

11

106

20

98

0

Heating (space

heating and hot

water)

237

20

Total quantity gas

TWh

TWh

TWh

TWh

TWh

GW

GW

66

TWh

TWh 17 TWh

TWh

0

0

50

126

Final energy

0%

11

GW

GW

GW

GW

GW

GW

20

15

GW0

TWh

TWh

419

21

135

85

TWh5

0

TWh

TWh

TWh

TWh

TWh

TWh

TWh

23%

108

100%

Conversion

Losses

0

0

29%

128 Conversion

Total quantity

hydrogen

108 TWh

0%

Total quantity raw

biomass

244

TWh

TWh

GW

GW

Biogas plant

2

58

77

55

103 0

103

0

91

141

TWh0

TWh0

0

0

19

Total quantity

heating

0 Conversion

17 Losses

264 Final energy

280 TWh Mobility

108

71%

Conversion

0 Losses

72 Final energy

335 TWh

46

TWh

87%

13%

Total quantity

electricity

39%

61%

Total quantity liquid

fuels

271 Conversion

88 Losses

© Fraunhofer ISE

REMod-D Energy

system model

© Fraunhofer ISE

24

© Fraunhofer ISE

TWh

Traktion

H2-Bedarf

45

11

TWh

TWh

39

TWh

14

TWh

Einzelgebäude mit Sole-Wärmepumpe

Solarthermie

11

Solarthermie 8 Gebäude

9

TWh

el. WP Luft 43

TWh

TWh

44

4

Einzelgebäude mit Gas-Wärmepumpe

13

TWh

14 4

W-Speicher

GWth TWh 60 TWh

82

TWh

220

TWh

420

22 GWth TWh 103 GWh

51 W-Speicher14el. WP Sole

Biomasse

TWh

0

TWh

15

KWK-BHKW

Solarthermie 13

TWh

Strombedarf gesamt (ohne

Strom für Wärme und MIV)

375

TWh

TWh

3

GWgas 0

220

0

TWh

0Sabatier Methan-Sp.

H2-Speicher

7 GWth TWh

TWh 41

3

GWth

Gas-WP

W-Speicher

25

20

40

TWh

388 TWh

20 GWth TWh Wärmenetze mit

GuD-KWK

7 GWth TWh

W-Speicher

TWh Wärmenetze mit

BHKW-KWK

Wärmebedarf gesamt

TWh

26

TWh

TWh

217

TWh

82

16

TWh

GWel

TWh 23

4

TWh

9 Pump-Sp-KW 7

TWh

TWh

6

TWh

Gasturbine

W-Speicher

Steink.-KW Braunk.-KW Öl-KW

3 GW 0 GW5 GW 0 GW 7 GW

Atom-KWPV Wind On Wind Off Wasserkraft

112

TWh

103

TWh

147

Batterien

24 GWh

GW 120 GW 32 GW

143

TWh

5

TWh 60 GWh TWh

TWh

Einzelgebäude mit Luft-Wärmepumpe

GWth

Gebäude

8

TWh

7

TWh 50

14

4 TWh

TWh

19 GWth TWh GWh

Einzelgebäude mit Gaskessel

TWh

Gaskessel 71 Gebäude

32 GWth

0

4

Gebäude

59

0.0

TWh

3734

Solarthermie 6 W-Speicher

Gebäude

15

27 GWh

23

TWh

TWh

TWh 173 GWh

3

TWh

ungenutzter Strom (Abregelung)

TWh

0

TWh

26

TWh

12

TWh

TWh

5

TWh

TWh

241 TWh

Gebäude

4

87

TWh 6 TWh

Gebäude

59

7 GWth TWh

3

TWh

WP zentral 20

KWK-GuD 27

35 GWel TWh

20

60

TWh

7

GW

Einzelgebäude mit Mini-BHKW

6 46

WP zentral 23

4

8

TWh

TWh

Verkehr (ohne

Schienenverkehr/Strom)

Brennstoff-basierter Verkehr

Batterie-basierter Verkehr

Wasserstoff-basierter Verkehr

137

TWh

TWh

TWh

TWh

TWh

TWh

TWhTraktion gesamt

Brennstoffe

Traktion

erneuerbare Energien primäre Stromerzeugung fossil-nukleare Energien

14 GWth TWh 56 GWh

86 TWh

Geothermie 6 Gebäude

2 GWth

10

TWh

TWh108 TWh

57 TWh

0

TWh

3

TWh

TWh 173

Wärmenetze mit Tiefen-Geothermie

TWh

Brennstoffe

TWhErdgas

394

TWh

4

TWh

22

TWh

Elektrolyse

82

33 GWel

4

21

TWh

0

TWh

TWh 26

1 GW

GuD-KW

ungenutztWarmwasserRaumheizung

290 TWh 98 TWh 2

Solarthermie

GWh

Mini-BHKW 23

GWh

TWh

Solarthermie 13

20 GWth

GWel TWh

TWh

0.6

GWth TWh

TWh

W-Speicher

TWh

TWh

76

6

41

82

Strombedarf

Traktion

Solarthermie 12 6

TWh

73

TWh

25 TWh

Brennstoffe

55

220

100% Wert 2010

335

TWh

TWh

Treibstoff

Verkehr

55

TWh

420 TWh

Brennstoff-basierte Prozesse in

Industrie und Gewerbe

gesamt 445 TWh

Solarthermie

%

41

55

© F

rau

nh

ofe

r ISE

Electricity

generation

Photovoltaics

147 GWel

Medium and large size CHP

(connected to dist rict heat ing)

60 GWel

Onshore

Wind

120 GWel

Offshore Wind

32 GWel

Slide courtesy Hans-Martin Henning 2014

© Fraunhofer ISE

25

Scenario results hourly modeling 2014-2050

Cumulative total cost

No penalty on CO2

emissions

Stable fossil fuel prices

#1 -80 % CO2, low rate building

energy retrofit, electric vehicles

dominant, coal until 2050


energy retrofit, mix of vehicles,

coal until 2050

#3 -80 % CO2, high rate building


coal until 2050



coal until 2040



coal until 2040



coal until 2040

Ref today‘s system; no change

© Fraunhofer ISE

26

Scenario results


No penalty on CO2

emissions

Stable fossil fuel prices



coal until 2040



coal until 2040


Cumulative cost of

scenarios # 4 und # 5

approx. 1100 bn € higher

than reference for the total

time 2014 – 2050 (about

0.8 % of German GDP)

© Fraunhofer ISE

27

Scenario results


Rising penalty cost for CO2

emissions up to 100 € per

ton in 2030; then stable

Price increase for fossil

fuels 2 % p.a.


energy retrofit, electric vehicles

dominant, coal until 2050



coal until 2050



coal until 2050



coal until 2040



coal until 2040



coal until 2040


With CO2 pricing, the total

cost of business-as-usual

till 20150 will be even

higher than for the

transformed system!

© Fraunhofer ISE

28

How Will the Energy System Look Like in 2050?

Electricity

Heat Mobility

Essential messages out of the model:

The cost of the new Energy System is not higher than

the cost for the current system!

The cost for transformation is in the same order as

maintaining the current system!

© Fraunhofer ISE

29

Grid stability with growing amounts of fluctuating RE:

Grid in Germany today more stable than in 2006!

© Fraunhofer ISE

30

Technology development combined with rapid growth of production volumes

resulted in an unprecedented reduction in PV production cost and prices, by

more than an order of magnitude in the last decades!

The market is dominated by crystalline-Si technologies; a multitude of further

technology advances, allowing higher efficiencies at lower production costs, are

ready to be implemented in c-Si PV cells and modules.

The cost of PV systems will decrease further, driven by technology

developments, accompanied by supportive financial and regulatory

environments.

PV will grow soon into the Terawatt range, making it the cheapest form of

electricity in many regions of the world 2-4 ct/kWh.

The key for a stable energy system based on RE is to link the electricity, heat

and transport sectors.

The challenge for the EU will be to maintain the current technological

leadership position, by keeping a stable market, combined with local PV

production along the whole food chain, from research to deployment!

Photovoltaics as Major Electricity Source

© Fraunhofer ISE

31

Thank you

For your attention!

The European

Inverter Industry

Dr Krzysztof Puczko

Repowering Europe

May 2016

2

About PV Markets… Can Europe sustain industrial leadership in this area?

3 Delta Confidential

PV market development

• The PV installed capacity reached

100 GWp in 2012 but Europe’s

leading role in the PV market came

to the end

• Europe remains the world’s leading

region in terms of cumulative

installed capacity (>70 GW) but the

market gets more global

• PV market globalization became a

challenge for many European

technology suppliers

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Ne

w P

V in

stal

lati

on

s [

GW

]

China Japan USA

UK Germany Rest of Europe

India Latin America France

Rest of Asia Rest of the World


EU Market Split in 2012

Source – EPIA 2015


Market Split outside EU in 2012

Source – EPIA 2015


Market drivers

• Incentives

• Energy mix targets

• CO2 savings

• Growing power demand

• Grid parity

• New business models

• Smart grid development

• Energy mix demand

• Technology development

Changing drivers for further expansion (2016=>2020)

Former drivers (200 GW): Future drivers (500 GW):

7

Are regional variations in grid codes an

opportunity or a threat to European

manufacturers?


8

Grid code related inverter settings

G.59/2 exemplary settings


9

Grid grid stability services

Source: National Grid UK


Grid stability services - EFR

Source: National Grid UK


Advanced inverter features- summary

• Improved efficiency (>98,5%)

• Country grid code compliance with new advanced features

• Reactive power generation

• Local utility customization still needed

• Integration with smart grid environment

• Virtual power plant integration to participate in energy

exchange market

• Most of top class inverters can deliver all required services

12

About key drivers to future growth…


Traditional grids vs. Smart Grids

Traditional power grids:

Centralized generation

Limited power regulation

Long distance transmission

No influence on the power consumption

No real time measurements

Limited energy storage possibilities

High risk of power outages

Smart grids

Distributed power generation

Flexible power generation

Short distance transmission

Flexible load regulation

Real time measurements (smart meters)

Local energy storage

Virtual Power Plants

Low risk of power outages


Key growth contributors

Cheaper PV modules with

proper efficiency (>20%)

Energy storage

Electric mobility Self consumption

Smart grids and

net zero energy

buildings

Smart inverter

solutions

15

How to provide increasingly "smart" inverters

while reducing costs?


RPI M50A

• Integrated string fuses as well as

• AC- and DC overvoltage protection

Type II

• Wide input voltage

• Extended temperature range

• High energy density, high efficiency,

reduced size

• 2 MPP trackers (symmetrical

and asymmetrical load)

• Integrated AC/DC disconnection switch

17

Conclusions…


Conclusions

•PV market still growing but became global – different

scenarios are taken into considerations

•In some countries incentives dropped much faster than

investment costs

•PV industry got serious challenges – suppliers must diversify

their business portfolio

•More and more advanced features expected from inverters

•PV inverter industry has to adapt for further growth

19

About Delta Electronics….


20

We are experts in power conversion


21

We are experts in power conversion…

Power bricks Embedded Switching

Power Supplies

Rectifiers

Inverters

PV Inverters

UPS Renewable Hybrid

Solutions EV Ultra Fast

Charger

Wind converters Bi-directional

converters


We contribute to the Earth…

22

From 2010 to 2014, Delta’s high-efficient products enabled:

Electricity Consumption

Savings

of 14.8 B KWh

Carbon Emissions

Reduction

of 7.9 M Tons

Smarter. Greener. Together.

To learn more about Delta, please visit www.deltaww.com

May 18th, Jan Van Laethem

NEXT GENERATION OF SMART INVERTERS AND ASPECTS WITH RESPECT TO THE ENERGY TRANSITION

SMA Solar Technology AG ETIP PV - Photovoltaics: centre-stage in the power system

DISCLAIMER

IMPORTANT LEGAL NOTICE

This presentation does not constitute or form part of, and should not be construed as, an offer or invitation to subscribe for,

underwrite

or otherwise acquire, any securities of SMA Solar Technology AG (the "Company") or any present or future subsidiary of

the Company (together with the Company, the "SMA Group") nor should it or any part of it form the basis of, or be relied

upon in connection with,

any contract to purchase or subscribe for any securities in the Company or any member of the SMA Group or commitment

whatsoever.

All information contained herein has been carefully prepared. Nevertheless, we do not guarantee its accuracy or

completeness

and nothing herein shall be construed to be a representation of such guarantee.

The information contained in this presentation is subject to amendment, revision and updating. Certain statements

contained in this

presentation may be statements of future expectations and other forward-looking statements that are based on the

management's current

views and assumptions and involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties. Actual results, performance or events

may differ materially from those in such statements as a result of, among others, factors, changing business or other

market conditions and the prospects for growth anticipated by the management of the Company. These and other factors

could adversely affect the outcome and financial effects of the plans and events described herein. The Company does not

undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future

events or otherwise. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements which speak only as of the date of

this presentation.

This presentation is for information purposes only and may not be further distributed or passed on to any party which is not

the addressee

of this presentation. No part of this presentation must be copied, reproduced or cited by the addressees hereof other than

for the purpose

for which it has been provided to the addressee.

This document is not an offer of securities for sale in the United States of America. Securities may not be offered

or sold

in the United States of America absent registration or an exemption from registration under the U.S. Securities Act

of 1933

as amended.

2

NEXT GENERATION OF SMART INVERTER SYSTEMS AND ASPECTS WITH RESPECT TO THE ENERGY TRANSITION

May 18th, Jan Van Laethem SMA Solar Technology AG ETIP PV - Photovoltaics: centre-stage in the power system

SOLAR PV IS ON ITS WAY TO COMPETITIVENESS IN MORE AND MORE REGIONS AROUND THE WORLD

4

Atomic Power Plant Hinkley Point C in

Somerset, UK PV Power Plant in Lackford, UK

1. Annual power production sufficient to supply c. 7.428.571 households with an average demand of 3.500 kWh

2. Annual power production sufficient to supply c. 5.762 households with an average demand of 3.500 hWh

Construction time: c. 4–5 months, commissioned

2014

Operator: Low Carbon

Power production p.a.: c. 20.168 MWh2

Electricity price per kWh: c. €0.09 ($0.10)

Construction time: c. 10 years, to be

commissioned 2025

Operator: Électricité de France (EdF)

Power production p.a.: c. 26.000.000 MWh1

Electricity price per kWh: c. €0.12 ($0.13)

In Germany‘s latest round of PV auctions in April 2016, €0.07 to €0.08 ($0.08 to $0.09) were granted to the bidders.

BUSINESS HAS BECOME MATURE

5

In 2010, focus was on DC

to AC conversion in the

best possible way.

In 2016: Integration into

complex systems is key.

The energy market is in on the move. The energy transition is and will be a fundamental change.

2010 Installer

business

2016 Systems and

Project Business

ETIP PV - Photovoltaics: centre-stage in the power system

BUT THE STRUGGLE REMAINS: POLITICAL DECISIONS CAN QUICKLY CHANGE A FRONTRUNNER‘S POSITION

6

In 2010, Germany had

45% of the world PV

market.

Today, Japan, China and

the USA have taken over

the pole position.

50

15

GWdc

2015 2010

To get back on top, Europe has to become the frontrunner again in the energy transition

China

Japan

Germany

USA

ROW

45% 3%


3 STEPS TO FACILITATE THE ENERGY TRANSITION

1.Source: EE-bus White Paper

The Energy Transition (example: Germany)

1. STANDARDIZATION – being SMART about SMART HOME

2. Bring in more PV DRIVERS to ACCELERATE THE ENERGY TRANSITION

3. PROVIDE DATA SERVICES FOR GRID STABILITY and to SUPPORT the

ENERGY TRANSITION


SMA IS THE CLEAR #1 IN THE GLOBAL PV INVERTER INDUSTRY

8

Key Facts

Headquartered in Niestetal since 1981

Cum. nearly 50 GW installed worldwide

Sales of 1 billion EUR in 2015

> 3,500 employees, thereof 500 in R&D

Stock-listed since 2008

Present in 20 countries; 4 production

sites


SMA’S COMPLETE PRODUCT PORTFOLIO OFFERS SOLUTIONS FOR ALL REQUIREMENTS WORLDWIDE

9

SMA’s cumulative installed power of nearly 50 GW is the basis for a successful service and storage business

Utility Commercial Residential

SUNNY CENTRAL

SUNNY TRIPOWER

SUNNY BOY

Off-Grid & Storage Service

O&M / WARRANTY EXTENSION

24 GW cumulative

installed inverter

capacity 13 GW 13 GW

cumulative

installed inverter

capacity

cumulative

installed inverter

capacity

SUNNY BOY STORAGE

SUNNY CENTRAL STORAGE

SUNNY ISLAND

SMA POSITIONED ITSELF EARLY ON FOR THE DIGITIZATION OF THE ENERGY SECTOR

11

With innovations and partnerships, SMA is well-prepared for the new requirements

Energy Management Storage Technology Data-based Business

models

Enhanced self-

consumption through

intelligent system

technology

Intelligent integration of

(stationary) batteries

into energy

management

Supply of power

generation and

consumption data

+ +

TESLA DAIMLER SMA SMART HOME

TenneT

14.01.2016

TDR PGS PM Martin Volkmar SMA Solar Technology AG

SMA SMART HOME

All devices interconnected in local network and via Internet cloud (IoT*)

13

WHAT IS THE MEANING OF SMART HOME?

SMART HOME

SMA Smart Home is a subset of the general definition of „Smart Home“

• Energy Monitoring

• Energy Management

• Smart Metering

• HVAC control

• Demand response

access

Home Automation

Energy Efficiency

Entertainment Systems

Security (Peace of mind)

Healthcare Systems

*IoT = Internet of Things ETIP PV - Photovoltaics: centre-stage in the power system

LOCAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT IN A SMART HOME

14

Sunny Boy Smart Energy converts direct

into alternating current and buffers up to two

kilowatt-hours of solar energy

Sunny Home Manager ensures the

temporally optimized balance of generation

and consumption

Sunny Places for energy forecasts, remote

monitoring and household energy

management

Controllable loads, that do not require a

specific operation time, can be activated by

Sunny Home Manager

Electric vehicle can be used as additional

electricity storage when combined with a

corresponding wallbox

Thermal storages have big capacity and are

more cost effective than a battery

1

3

2

4

5

6

3

1

4 5

2

6

Electrical and thermal storage combined with intelligent energy

management is ideally suited to make distributed generation more

flexible


Energy Management

Basic Inverter System

Sunny Home Manager System

Integrated Storage System

Flexible Storage System

Sunny Boy Energy Management Inverter integrated

battery PV inverter and battery

inverter

Only SunnyBoy PV inverter

• “Natural” self consumption: 20% (typical)

• Reduction of energy costs: 25% (typical)

Sunny Home Manager + RC sockets

• Self consumption: 45% (typical)

• Reduction of energy costs : 45% (typical)

SunnyBoy Smart Energy



SunnyBoy + Sunny Island



*) based on 5000kWh production per year *) based on 5000kWh production per year *) based on 5000kWh production and consumption per year, battery size: 2kWh

*) based on 5000kWh production and consumption per year, battery size: 5kWh

15

SMA’S ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND STORAGE SOLUTIONS FOR OPTIMIZED SELF CONSUMPTION

Increase the self-consumption rate = Use your own PV energy!


HOW MUCH POWER DOES MY HOUSE REQUIRE? … ENERGY MONITORING

16

FUNCTIONALITIES CUSTOMER BENEFIT

Measure Always informed:

• Total household consumption figure

• Monitor and remote control of household

appliances

SMA Energy Meter Compatible RC-sockets

Transparency and knowledge:

• Where, when and how much energy does my house consume?

• What did I consume in the last month?

• Which devices are the ‘power hogs’ in my house?

Visualize

Analyse and Control Suggestions to increase energy efficiency

• Recommended actions, depending on

energy prognosis

• When is the best time to use my solar

power?

SMA Solar Technology AG SMA Smart Home - Energy Monitoring &

Management

18

ENERGY APPLIANCES CONNECTED … … AND NOW IT ALL WORKS TOGETHER!

PARTNERS IN SMA SMART HOME

(Ladestationen für

Elektroautos)

(Weissware) (Wärmepumpen)

(Weissware via EEBUS (ab Q3 2016))

• Plug & Play

• Easy does it


EEBus is an initiative to take energy management

in the frame of Smart Homes from proprietary

solutions (e.g. Sunny Home Manager with only

Miele appliances) to a more generic level (like an

Ethernet network, where any device can exchange

information with other devices within the network

independent from the manufacturer).

19 ETIP PV - Photovoltaics: centre-stage in the power system

20

www.eebus.org


21

E-MOBILITY

PHOTOVOLTAICS AND E-MOBILITY ARE BEHIND SCHEDULE IN GERMANY (AND ELSEWHERE…)

23.05.2016 22

Both technologies are connected.

E-mobility only makes sense if its energy originates from renewable sources

Photovoltaics

> Solar & Wind are main factors in energy

transtion

> 19,3 % of gross electricity production in

2015

> Since 2014 new installations behind plan

E-cars

> E-mobility is key for an ecological

mobility transition

> E-cars have a clearly lower CO2 footprint

> Batteries solve the volatility of

renewables in the Smart Grid

Quelle: Fortschrittsbericht 2014, Nationale Plattform Elektromobilität, Berlin,

Dezember 2014

Quelle: BSW: „Meldedaten PV Bundesnetzagentur 2014/2015“, Berlin, 1.2.2016


VEHICLE-TO-GRID INTEGRATION

23

The first generation e-vehicles changes the car industry.

The next generations will gradually change the energy transition.

Utilization of the flexibility in buildings

> E-vehicles connected to local EMS

> „Green Area“ usables in a competitive

way

(in INEES about 30 %)

> User settings and needs indfluence

clearly the useful battery capacity

Connecting buildings to the Markets

> „Virtual Power Stations“

> Competitiveness strongly Regulation

dependent

> Many preconditions already fulfilled

> Biggest obstacle: double use of the same

communication network as cars

*: VPP = Virtual Power Plant = Virtuelles Kraftwerk

VPP*

Märkte

SUPRA-REGIONAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT THROUGH AGGREGATION IN VIRTUAL POWER PLANTS • Distributed Energy Resources (DER) in current market not attractive for the

energy industry

• In future market design: aggregation in virtual power plants

• Systems pooled in virtual power plants

> provide flexibility out of generators, consumer loads and storage devices to

Smart Grids

> trade needed excess energy on Smart Markets Image: Vattenfall

25

Technology for a flexible, secure and cost-effective connection of DER is available


CHALLENGE FOR TRANSMISSION SYSTEM OPERATORS

> Generation and consumption to

be balanced at any time

> Consumption predicted using

standard load curves

> Conventional generation scheduled

according to predicted consumption

and renewables generation

> Renewables are volatile

> Local energy management and

storage tighten the situation

> Schedule to reality deviations settled through expensive control power

> Transmission System Operators (TSO) are responsible for the insertion of

control power

> They need near-time photovoltaic (PV) projections and forecasts based on

measured data

26

Today no measuring network for small and medium size PV plants

available

Measuring network would have to be precise, secure and cost effective

Mains frequency (50/60 Hz)

Consumption Generation

Damping through energy stored in generators and motors

Load

variations and

forecast

deviations

Station

blackout and

forecast

deviations

Insertion of

control power

Image: TenneT TSO


DATA SUPPLY PILOT WITH TENNET TSO PROJECT OVERVIEW

30

40,000 monitored PV systems in

German TenneT control area

Thereof 20,000 PV systems with

transmission every 5 minutes

1,500 PV systems with

SensorBox

Projections and forecasts

Marketing of REL* electricity

Reduction of control reserve

need

Congestion management

Feed-in management validation

Commercial balancing

Asset management

Every 5

minutes:

5 minute

averages of the

current PV

power,

irradiation and

temperature

aggregated to 5

digit ZIP codes

REL = Renewable Energy Law (Germany)

TenneT will considerably reduce the current projection delay


FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF THE SMA ENERGY SERVICES

31

International rollout to regions with high PV penetration

Measures to continuously enhance data quality and quantity


THE TIME HAS COME …

… to support grid operation

through near-time data out of

distributed energy resources

32

… to connect e-vehicles and

grid to support the energy

transition

… to standardize the way

energy consumers and

prosumers talk in a Smart Home


Thank you for your interest!

Jan Van Laethem

Regional Manager SMA Western

Europe

(Benelux, UK, France)

SMA Solar Technology AG

Sonnenallee 1, 34266 Niestetal,

Germany

+49 561 9522 0

[email protected]

SOCIAL MEDIA

www.SMA.de/Newsroom

Supporting Power Quality in Distribution Networks with Inverters

Andreas Schlumberger / Thomas Schaupp – KACO new energy May 18th, 2016

Topics

1 Installed power today

2 Critical issues

3 Today’s solutions

4 Solutions in standardization

CENELEC TS 50549

5 Looking ahead

Andreas Schlumberger – KACO new energy May 18th, 2016 | 2

Topics


2 Critical issues



CENELEC TS 50549

5 Looking ahead


Installed Power Today

Integration of power into

the German transport grid

In mid 2016

- Approx. 40 GW PV power installed

- Approx. 41 GW wind power installed

The base load range significantly reduced


Topics


2 Critical issues



CENELEC TS 50549

5 Looking ahead


Critical Issues

in the distribution grid

Island formation

Overload of equipment

Voltage maintenance


Voltage maintenance

Excess voltage! Grid reinforcement necessary

Andreas Schlumberger – KACO new energy

PV

PP P

MV-Grid 20 kV

Trafo

0,4 kV Line HAS 1

HAS 2

Load 1Load 2

PV

UL1

Distance

P

3~

~

1.1 p.u. = 253 V

1.0 p.u. = 230 V

high power

production, low load

no power production

max. Load0.9 p.u. = 207 V

Transformer

station

May 18th, 2016 | 9

Critical Issues

in the transport grid

Balance between consumption and generation is necessary

for frequency stability

Imbalance results in frequency fluctuations

Overload of equipment

Sudden power drop in the GW range

- resulting from frequency cut-off of distributed generation

- Protective tripping in the event of short interruptions

- System Split due to overloaded connections

- Drop in power results in imbalance between generation

and consumption


Topics


2 Critical issues



CENELEC TS 50549

5 Looking ahead

Andreas Schlumberger – KACO new energy May 18th, 2016 |

11

Today’s solutions

Distribution System

Voltage Support by reactive power

Supply management (Curtailment)

Island detection ( critical since contradicting power system

stability)

Transport System

Power reduction in case of overfrequency

Immunity to dips and swells

Dynamic voltage support contribution to short circuit power


Topics


2 Critical issues



CENELEC TS 50549

5 Looking ahead


13

General assumption

Standardization is required to write down state of the art

Manufacturers require standardization to produce unified

equipment for all countries

Due to different network topology network operators have

different needs to integrate dispersed generation

- But the general problems are the same


Solution

Define standard behavior for dispersed generation

Allow adjustment to local needs

Analysis of system impact is very specific to the local

topology of the grid excluded from scope


Included topics

Range of operation (not protection)

Immunity to disturbance

- Voltage dips

- Rate of change of frequency

Reactive power provision

Standard control modes for reactive power

Dynamic grid support

Protection (voltage and frequency)

Communication


Standard range of Operation

Voltage / Frequency


Immunity to Disturbance


Immunity to Disturbance

Rate of change of Frequency

– 2.5Hz/s no disconnection allowed

For system stability it is mandatory that short disturbance

does not lead to loss of generation Immunity is

important


Power Reduction in the

Event of Overfrequency

power reduction in the

event of overfrequency

Gradient 40% Pactual/Hz

Response time as fast as

possible,

best below 2 seconds

No automatic disconnection

from the grid in the range of

47.5 Hz to 51.5 Hz


Reactive Power Capability

PD=P-Design,

the maximum

active power

of the Plant

where Qmax

might be

delivered


Voltage Maintenance by means of reactive power supply


PV

PP P

20 kV

Trafo

0,4 kV Line HAS 1

HAS 2

Load 1Load 2

PV

UL1

Distance

P

3~

~

1.1 p.u. = 253 V

1.0 p.u. = 230 V

High Power no load

Max Load no Production0.9 p.u. = 207 V

Transformer

Station

Q

Q

as above but with

reactive power

consumption

MV-Grid

Dynamic Grid Support

with reactive Current Reactive current to

feed into the grid fault

(short circuit) eg. in

transmission system

Trigger line protection

devices

Increase voltage in

case of remote fault

Reduce region of

impact


Dynamic Grid Support

with reactive Current


Protection

Available Protection Function

Voltage

- Over/Under-voltage Phase-Phase

- Over/Under-voltage Phase-Neutral

- Over/Under-voltage Positive/Negative/Zero sequence

- Overvoltage Average values (eg. 10 min average RMS)

Over/Under Frequency

Line protection / overcurrent is considered mandatory in

installation standards and is not included in TS50549


Topics


2 Critical issues



CENELEC TS 50549

5 Looking ahead


28

Looking ahead

The key question

- Which technical features will a power system need to

run stable with a penetration of 40% ... 60% ... 80% ...

100% of inverter-based power generation?

- The instantaneous penetration of inverter based

generation will vary during a day from 0% to 100%

Features possibly necessary in the future

- Provide power in negative sequence

- Provide primary reserve

- Provide inertia

- New protection design

- Black start capability


So … How far can we go with inverters only?

100% inverter-based grid is possible

- Already implemented in small scale, e.g. UPS, island

grids

- Research for large scale needed


So … How can we minimize installation costs?

Reduction in material costs for inverters and modules will continue

Harmonization of requirements will reduce engineering costs

- We’ve let go by the chance for harmonization in context of RfG,

national implementation allows to many variations

- The goal should be: Harmonization similar to Low Voltage Directive

(2014/35/EU) or EMC-Directive (2014/30/EU)

Connection procedure

- a) Connection evaluation based on plant requires evaluation

procedure for each plant including costs for each plant

- b) Connection evaluation based on unit allows to type evaluation and

faster / more cost effective connections

- Some European countries use b) up to several MW plant size, some

(GER) introduce a) above 100 kVA


Thank for your attention.

KACO new energy GmbH

Carl-Zeiss-Str. 1 . 74172 Neckarsulm . Deutschland

Fon +49 7132 3818 0 . Fax +49 7132 3818 703

[email protected] . www.kaco-newenergy.com

mailto:[email protected]



Stability of the power system with converter-interfaced generation Moving from a system based on synchronous machines to a system based on inverters

Marie-Sophie Debry, RTE

Introduction

The decrease of inertia level is a subject that is currently under scrutiny: • Many studies and articles… • Possibility in the grid codes to require « synthetic inertia » from inverters

In the next future, potentially very few synchronous machines connected to grids during certain seasons or certain hours of the day… From inertia to synchrony: • Going from a system driven by physical laws to a system driven by the controls of

inverters • Power Electronics are fully controllable BUT they only do what is in their control

system! • There is no natural behavior of inverters, this is very dependent on manufacturers.

Requirements

“Inertia” is not a requirement but a possible solution! • Today’s system inertia is the consequence of the existence of large synchronous

generators. Nobody ever defined the required level of inertia, which is only an uncontrolled by-product.

• Emulating “synchronous generators with identical inertia” with inverter-based devices is technically possible but requires over-sized inverters.

Requirement: stability at an acceptable cost • Acceptable level of stability for large transmission

system while keeping costs under control • Stable operation of large transmission system should

not depend on telecommunication system: we must keep something like “frequency” to synchronize inverters

Still valid ?

A priori, this relation is lost (linked to rotating masses equations).

How to ensure that there will be no limitation of PE penetration into the grid? Check the viability of operation of a transmission grid with no synchronous machines and then add some of them!

Challenge: a grid-forming control strategy…

Today inverters connected to the grid are “followers”: they measure the frequency and adapt their current injection to provide active/reactive power with the same frequency

SG

SG

50 Hz

Synchronous machines create voltage waveforms with the same frequency.

Converters measure the grid frequency.

Converters provide active and reactive power at the measured frequency.

What if there is nothing to “follow”? Inverters (at least some of them) need to be “grid forming”, they have to create the voltage waveform on their own.

… Taking into account the limitations of inverters

Inverter over current limitation is very close to nominal capability (over current of 120% for 1 cycle)

Solutions have already been developed for small isolated grids, but they are not applicable to large transmission systems which have specific features:

- Meshed systems - Many operational topological changes - No knowledge of generation/load location - No master/slave relation

MIGRATE project

Massive InteGRATion of power Electronic devices “MIGRATE aims at helping the pan-European transmission system to adjust progressively to the negative impacts resulting from the proliferation of power electronics onto the HVAC power system operations, with an emphasis on the power system dynamic stability, the relevance of existing protection schemes and the resulting degradation of power quality due to harmonics.” Coordinator: TenneT GmbH, 24 partners Duration 4 years (January 2016 – January 2019)

MIGRATE WP3: Control and operation of a large transmission system with 100% converter-based devices

Objectives: • To propose and develop novel control and management rules for a transmission grid

to which 100 % converter-based devices are connected while keeping the costs under control;

• To check the viability of such new control and management rules within transmission

grids to which some synchronous machines are connected; • To infer a set of requirement guidelines for converter-based generating units (grid

codes), as far as possible set at the connection point and technology-agnostic, which ease the implementation of the above control and management rules.

« STORAGE SUPPORTING

PV DEPLOYMENT »

VERONICA BERMUDEZ

EDF R&D / DPT. EFESE/ SOLAR

TECHNOLOGIES

REPOWERING EUROPE- 18 mai 2016

| 2

OUTLINE

Photovoltaic market

Photovoltaic market. Competivity?

| 3

SOLAR MARKET BRIEFLY

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Supply - crystalline silicon Supply - thin-film silicon

Supply - thin film non-silicon Demand - conservative

Demand - optimistic

Tier 1 module capacity 50.3GW

Cell and module manufacturing capacity - at least 85GW

Source: Bloomberg New Energy

Finance

Despite industry consolidation, the

whole PV value chain is in

oversupply and is expected to

remain so until 2017

| 4

We observe 3 trypes of main photovoltaic applications, that can be (or not) grid

connected.

DISTRIBUTION OF PV MARKET

Grid connected (but also self

consuming

Residential and commercial

Most of installation

Buildings

Non- grid connected

Isolated solutions, telcom

antennaes, …

A few % of installations.

Isolated areas

Grid connected

Strong development where the

land is available (e.g. USA,

China, under transformation

lands)

~36 % of installations

Utility-scale

Residential ≤10 kW

Small Commercial 10.1-100 kW

Medium Commercial 101 kW-1 MW

Large Commercial 1.01 MW-5 MW

Utility-Scale >5 MW

Cumulative Demand by Segment 2015-2019

© 2015 IHS Source: IHS

| 5

TARGETS TO REDUCE COSTS OF PV

1. Reducing technology costs

2. Reducing grid integration costs

3. Accelerating deployment.

1. Reducing the levelized cost of

electricity (LCOE) from solar PV

2. Enhancing system reliability

3. Enlarging the range of

applications of PV

4. Establishing a recycling system.

DOE: Sunshot (2020) target

Utility-scale PV system US1$/WDC

Commercial-scale PV system US1.25$/WDC

Residential-scale PV system US1.5$/WDC

LCOE (utility-scale system) US0.06$/WDC

NEDO target year

LCOE commercial-scale JPY14/kWh 2020

Module % and lifetime 22%, 25 yrs

LCOE utility-scale JPY7/kWh 2030

Module % and lifetime 25%, 30yrs

Technologies to support PV deployment

| 6

BUT, WHAT REALLY COST MEANS?. LCOE

Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance

| 7

Negative prices appear in the German bourse

In Spain, prices are limited to 0

In California, the regulator has modified minimum prices from –30

$/MWh to –300 $/MWh.

SPOT PRICE OF ELECTRICITY

Costs of

“fuel” CO2 cost

Production

means

availability

Hydraulic

Wind

Solar

Temperature Daily, weekly,

saison cycles

Aleas Aleas Interconnection

net busy

Charge load Production load

“Spot”

Price

| 8

DISPATCHABILITY: BUT NOT ONLY

1. Storage of tens of seconds or a few minutes, to remove fluctuations due to

cloud cover, if this is important for the electricity sales agreement or the grid

connection agreement.

2. To provide ancillary services such as frequency response or reserve, if a

market or a mandatory requirement exists.

3. Storage of a few hours, in order to time-shift production to times of the day

when the price is higher. Electricity systems with a high penetration of PV

already show a strong impact on spot prices.

| 9

Tomorrow : application of new technologies,

diffuses or centralized, on board or static

| 10

…but also within the same sector:

• Installations : specialised

equipments (Hospitals, Swimming

pools, …)

• Electrical heating and/or

climatization

• Yearly occupancy: holydays

• Building age

• PV production capacity [kWh/m²]

• Available roof surface

The self-production/ self-consumption

ratio varies as a fonction of the analysed

sector :

• Office

• Cultural buildings

• Educational buildings

• Health related buildings

• Sport centers

• Hotels / restaurants

Tier Sector : load profiled are very different from on building to another

SELF-CONSUMING PV IN THE TIER RESIDENTIAL

SECTOR

| 11

Cultural building: day/night out of phase Offices : Conso/production are syncronised

Self-consuming ratio= 46 %

Self-production ratio= 38 %

Adding more PV modules will not cover the

consumed power excess.



Under consumation during WE.

PV SELF-CONSUMPTION IN TIERS SECTOR

| 12

Educational building: impact of school holydays

Offices : Climatization impact Offices : electrix heating impact







PV SELF-CONSUMPTION IN TIERS SECTOR

| 13

Source : EDF R&D

For a residential installation- without storage system, nor uses controller - the most we can

expect to consume is 40% of our slef-produced electricity.

The use of the grid will be necessary.

Pu

issan

ce P

V p

rod

uit

e k

W

Lundi Mardi Mercredi Jeudi Vendredi Samedi Dimanche

There are technical solutions that

allow maximizing the ratio self-

consumption/self-production :

- Smart electrical control of

buildings

- Adding adapted storage

solution.

SELF-CONSUMPTION PV IN THE RESIDENTIAL SECTOR

| 14

PV SELF-CONSUMPTION STRONG IMPORTANCE

For client: all kWh produced are not self-consumed:

The promised « grid parity » is only theoretical if 100% of the production is not

consumed…

| 15

Principle : Storage excess non consomed PV power in batteries.

Multiple technological solutions in the market with limited performances, in particular in the

load/unload strategies and the fitting wit loag management.

SONNENBATTERIE

SUNNY HOME

MANAGER

STORELIO

POWERROUTER

BOSCH V5

HYBRID

SMART ENERGY

SELF-CONSUMPTION PV « OPTIMISED » ADDING A STORAGE UNIT (BATTERIE,….)

http://www.google.fr/url?url=http://www.tassolarpanels.com.au/products/inverters/&rct=j&frm=1&q=&esrc=s&sa=U&ei=RUm6U5LRFqSs0QXB-IGgCw&ved=0CB4Q9QEwBA&sig2=uOC4TP9uwDAH9EDEI0xyGA&usg=AFQjCNF515g1aUWZBcTyqg1CeTkQvCHJYQ

http://www.google.fr/url?url=http://www.sma.de/en/products/solarinverters/sunny-boy-3600-5000-smart-energy.html&rct=j&frm=1&q=&esrc=s&sa=U&ei=yMhuVdfaLYvnygOV3IDYCw&ved=0CBgQ9QEwAQ&usg=AFQjCNFuw726QuGY2tWFBiN-9Iv0vhGrOQ

| 16

CONCLUSIONS

The increasing contribution of PV to the global and regional power mix has caused

a number of fundamental challenges, which can largely be addressed by the

addition of energy storage.

PV electricity is produced only during the day; energy is often needed during the night.

The ability to store energy during the day for use at night is beneficial.

PV is an intermittent and unpredictable generation source. Storage allows fluctuations in

supply to be reduced.

Off-grid PV is not connected to the grid and therefore the only way to use electricity at

night is through storage.

The development of storage for PV is essential to increase the ability of PV

systems to replace existing energy sources.

Although introducing storage to grid-connected applications is a new development in the

PV market, storage has been used in off-grid PV systems for some time.

New products targeted at the PV industry, technology advances, and the availability of

less expensive storage solutions, will lead to the increased use of energy storage in the

PV industry.

More storage solutions are becoming commercially available. They range from

intelligent management systems which are coupled with a battery to large-scale turn-

key solutions aimed at grid-scale applications.

| 17

Thank you

Impact of storage on PV attractiveness

Mariska de Wild-Scholten

Repowering Europe, 'Photovoltaics: centre-stage in the power system', 18 May 2016, Brussels

Outline

How does storage affect the environmental balance of PV?

Life Cycle Assessment

Greenhouse gas emissions

Toxicity

Depletion

2

Mismatch of generation & consumption of electricity

3

Martin Braun 2009 EPVSEC24 4BO.11.2

Why storage @ home?

4

Storage to increase self-sufficiency

Storage to increase self-consumption

High grid electricity price?

Storage System

5

Module with battery cells ............... this presentation

Energy management system

Inverter

Etcetera

Which battery type?

6 http://www.estquality.com/technology

Li-ion = dominating battery type for PV home applications

Battery technology comparison

7 Aquion Energy

Li-ion = dominating battery type for PV home applications

Calculation of carbon footprint of stored electricity in life time of battery

Global Warming Potential (GWP) of stored electricity

g CO2-eq/kWh

GWP (g CO2-eq) / kg battery .............................step 1

x Battery weight (kg)

/ usable capacity of battery (kWh) ....................step 2

/ number of charge cycles .................................step 3

8

Global Warming Potential (GWP) of battery with LMO: Lithium Manganese Oxide (LiMn2O4)

9 ecoinvent 2.2, calculated with IPCC2013 GWP100a method

GWP = 5.89 kg CO2-eq/kg battery cell using IPCC2007 GWP100a

Global Warming Potential (GWP) of battery with LMO: Lithium Manganese Oxide (LiMn2O4)

10 ecoinvent 2.2, calculated with IPCC2013 GWP100a method

GWP = 5.39 kg CO2-eq/kg battery using IPCC2007 GWP100a

Single cell, lithium-ion battery, lithium manganese oxide/graphite,

at plant/CN U

Unit Value % IPCC2013 GWP100a %

kg CO2-eq/kg

1.050 100.0% 5.390 100.0%

Transport, freight, rail/RER U tkm 0.167 6.63E-03 0.1%

Transport, lorry >16t, fleet average/RER U tkm 0.028 3.73E-03 0.1%

Chemical plant, organics/RER/I U p 0.000 4.97E-02 0.9%

Electricity, medium voltage, at grid/CN U kWh 0.106 1.28E-01 2.4%

Heat, natural gas, at industrial furnace >100kW/RER U MJ 0.065 4.73E-03 0.1%

Inert atmosphere: Nitrogen, liquid, at plant/RER U kg 0.010 4.37E-03 0.1%

Electrolyte salt: LiPF6 Lithium hexafluorophosphate, at plant/CN U kg 0.019 1.8% 4.75E-01 8.8%

Electrolyte solvent: Ethylene carbonate Ethylene carbonate, at plant/CN U kg 0.160 15.2% 2.35E-01 4.4%

Separator: Coated polyethylene film Separator, lithium-ion battery, at plant/CN U kg 0.054 5.1% 3.23E-01 6.0%

Cathode: LiMn2O4 Cathode, lithium-ion battery, lithium manganese oxide, at plant/CN Ukg 0.327 31.1% 2.68E+00 49.7%

Anode: Graphite Anode, lithium-ion battery, graphite, at plant/CN U kg 0.401 38.2% 1.04E+00 19.3%

Electrode tab: Al Aluminium, production mix, wrought alloy, at plant/RER U kg 0.016 1.6% 1.80E-01 3.3%

Package: Polyethylene Polyethylene, LDPE, granulate, at plant/RER U kg 0.073 7.0% 1.60E-01 3.0%

Processing:

Processing of input materials: Extrusion, plastic film/RER U kg 0.073 3.87E-02 0.7%

Sheet rolling, aluminium/RER U kg 0.016 1.00E-02 0.2%

Emissions to air:

Heat, waste MJ 0.380

Waste to treatment:

Ecoinvent assumption 5% Disposal, Li-ions batteries, mixed technology/GLO U kg 0.053 4.91E-02 0.9%

Global Warming Potential (GWP) of battery with LFP: Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4)

11

Hiremath (March 2014) Master Thesis Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Germany

GWP = 11.2 kg CO2-eq/kg using IPCC2007 GWP100a

Number of cycles depend on depth of discharge

12 Saft

Carbon footprint of stored electricity

Lowest value from my preliminary analysis:

12 g CO2-eq/kWh stored electricity

How much kWh storage needed / kWh generated?

13

Carbon footprint - gram CO2-eq/kWh

hydropower / UCTE

0

10

20

30

40

50

mono-Si multi-Si a-Si μm-Si CdTe CIGS

2011 2011 2008-2011 2013

estimate

2010-2011 2011

14.8% 14.1% 7.0% 10.0% 11.9% 11.7%

33-45 MWp 120 MWp 963 MWp 20-66 MWp

Carb

on footp

rint

(g C

O2-e

q/k

Wh)

poly-Si: hydropowerwafer/cell/module: UCTE electricity

glass-based modules%: total area module efficiencies

ecoinvent 2.2 database 25 August 2013

[email protected]

on-roof installation in Southern Europe

1700 kWh/m2.yr irradiation on optimally-inclined modules

inverter

mounting + cabling

frame

laminate

cell

ingot/crystal + wafer

Si feedstock

China electricity mix

14

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

mono-Si mono-Si multi-Si multi-Si

2011 2011 2011 2011

14.8% 14.8% 14.1% 14.1%

hydro/UCTE China/China hydro/UCTE China/China

Carb

on footp

rint

(g C

O2-e

q/k

Wh)

poly-Si: hydropower/CNwafer/cell/module: UCTE /CNelectricity

glass-based modules%: total area module efficiencies

ecoinvent 2.2 database 25 August 2013

[email protected]

on-roof installation in Southern Europe

1700 kWh/m2.yr irradiation on optimally-inclined modules

inverter

mounting + cabling

frame

laminate

cell

ingot/crystal + wafer

Si feedstock

CN CN

mono multi

Status of inventory data 2011

World average carbon footprint ≈ 55 g CO2-eq/kWh

Many uncertainties

GWP value based on 2010 or older inventory data of the battery

Reliable manufacturer data missing

Number of charging cycles depend on depth of discharge

Only battery calculated, not a complete storage system

How much storage is needed / kWh electricity generated from PV?

15

Toxicity

N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solvent in electrolyte

Alternative: Water based is not possible because some electrodes are moisture sensitive

Alternative: Electrovaya SuperPolymer® 2.0

Polyvinylidene fluoride-based binders in electrolyte

Replace with chlorine

16

Critical Raw Materials: cobalt

17

Cobalt in LiCoO2 cathode Lithium

Depletion of materials

Cobalt in LiCoO2 electrode

replace Co with Mn, Fe, Ti LiFePO4

Lithium Titanate (Li4Ti5O12)

Lithium

replacement with Na, Ka, Mg, Ca...

recycling

18

Cradle to cradle battery Aquion Energy

19

NaSO4 solution (AHI™)

Recommendations

To get a reliable evaluation of the environmental impact of current storage systems it is recommended that LCA studies are performed

with data collected by manufacturers of Battery Storage Systems,

in EU / National projects.

20

References / Funding

References: D. Larcher, J-M. Tarascon (2014) Towards greener and more sustainable

batteries for electrical energy storage, Nature Chemistry 7: 19-29

PV Magazine Storage Special July 2015 with Market Survey of Batteries

Funding: none

21

Thank you for your attention!

[email protected]

La Duna, Casas Bioclimáticas ITER, Tenerife

STORAGE MARKET DEVELOPMENT

AND PRICE ROADMAP

Repowering Europe May 2016 | Marion PERRIN

| 2

• Need for electricity storage: applications

• Market evolution

• Present prices

• Storage learning curve / Price roadmap

• European storage?

AGENDA

LITEN Days 2015 | Marion PERRIN

| 3

STORAGE STILL THE LAST FLEXIBILITY OPTION?

| 4

Need for storage:

scenario ADEME 100% renewables FR 2050

| 5

Need for storage:

scenario Germany 100% renewables 2050

| 6

Concordant / non concordant conclusions

NO NEED OF STORAGE FOR THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM IN THE SHORT TERM

• Long term storage (e.g. power to gas) only needed with RE

shares higher than 70 to 80%

FR

• First need is weekly storage

• From 40% share on, need of

intraday storage

• At 80% RE, 8GW weekly, 7GW

short term storage needed

• The focus is put on

« distribution grid support »

(hundreds of kW/kWh)

• water heaters represent a 13 to

20 TWh intra-day flexibility

DE

• First need is on short term

storage (frequency regulation)

• At 80% RE, 5GW weekly, 7GW

short term storage needed

• Focus is put on larger scale

storage (MW) for frequency

regulation and on residential

storage for PV self-

consumption

| 7



• Present prices

• Storage learning curve


AGENDA


| 8

Market in MWh

| 9

Market in $

| 10

What is the optimal management ?

Use profile Performances

begining of life Performances

during operation

MULTIPLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR PV STORAGE ?

Which technology to select for my application ?

| 11

What about the residential PV + battery market?

| 13

• ”IMS Research predicts that energy storage sales will jump from only $200 million in 2012 to a massive $19 billion as early as 2017.”

• California Public Utility Commission (CPUC) in its Sept. 3 2013 proposed decision on energy storage…mandated 1.3 GW of energy storage into the grid by 2020.

ENERGY STORAGE MARKET FORECAST

| 14



• Present prices



AGENDA


| 15

• NMC « low-cost » : less than 1.5€ for one 18650 (2x3.6=7.2Wh) =>

200€/kWh

• NCA : 2.8€ (3.1x3.65=11.3Wh) => 250€/kWh

• LFP base 26650 : less than 3€ (3x3.2= 9.6Wh) => 300€/kWh

• LTO no price for volumes, pas de prix sur les volumes, sampling of

18650 at 3.4€ (1x1.8=1.8Wh) => 1900€/kWh

End of 2015 on small cells

LI-ION COST AT CELL LEVEL 18650 - 26650

| 16

Retail price of residential PV storage system

| 17



• Present prices



AGENDA


| 18

LEARNING CURVE OF LI-ION

15% cost decrease for each doubling of the installed capacity 100€/kWh once 1TWh reached

Possible in 2030 provided market growth of 31% per year

Source Winfried Hoffmann 2014

| 19

How cheap can Li-ion become?

| 20



• Present prices



AGENDA


| 21

Where do Li-ion batteries come from?

| 22

GOOD NEWS FOR PV STORAGE?

| 23

Conclusions

Storage is one of the flexibility

options for grid integration of

renewables

Expected growth of the market until

2025 according to Avicenne

+ 4% for lead-acid

+ 10 % for Li-ion in vehicles

+ 11% for Li-ion in “energy storage”

=> 2 major technologies with lead-

acid still dominating in 2025

siemens.com 18 May, 2016

The virtual battery: energy management in

buildings and neighbourhoods

Siemens focuses on electrification, automation and digitalization –

and is actively supporting Smart City/Neighbourhood development

Digital transformation

Digitalization

Globalization

Automation

Urbanization

Demographic change

Climate change

Electrification

Power and

Gas

Wind Power

and

Renewables

Mobility

Digital

Factory

Process

Industries and

Drives

Healthcare

Enablers

• Sensors

• Computing power

• Storage capacities

• Data analytics

• Networking ability

TODAY

Energy

Management

Building

Technologies

Digital Grid

Ahead of the challenge, ahead of the change

The energy systems are changing dramatically

From monopoly power …

From monopoly power … … to deregulated markets.

From downstream power delivery …

From downstream power delivery … … to smart distribution and bidirectional power flows.

From top-down topologies …

From top-down topologies … … to autonomous local structures.

From predictable long-term value streams …

From predictable long-term value streams … … to versatile, value-based transactions.

Germany: Energiewende 2.0 –

Future energy systems: Decoupling of generation and consumption

Past Production follows consumption

Today Consumption vs. production

Future Production decoupled from consumption

500 MW

0 MW

-500 MW

250 MW

-250 MW

80% share

of renewable

energy in

2035+

‒ 2035+: Installed capacity of renewable energy systems:

>220 GW

‒ Electrical energy produced: 446 TWh

‒ Electricity generation is occasionally 2.4 times higher

than maximum consumption!

‒ Excess energy in northern states of Germany

‒ More than 7,000 MW for over 3,000 hours per year

‒ Grid stability is the highest priority

Reducing uncertainties is a major challenge for

research and development!

Digitalization enables you to turn challenges into opportunities

Digital services Vertical software

Digitally enhanced electrification and automation

Challenges Digitalization with Siemens

delivers answers

ALERT!

Balancing

Peak avoidance

Resilience

Business models

CO2 and cost avoidance

Loss prevention

Distributed optimization

Customer focus

Siemens Digital Grid masterplan architecture

for a smooth transition to agility in energy

CIM – Common Information Model (IEC 61970)

Enterprise IT

IVR GIS Network planning

Asset management

WMS/mobile Weather Forecasting Web portals CIS/CRM Billing

Enterprise Service Bus

Cloud enabled applications Public cloud

Smart communication

Grid

cyb

er s

ec

urity

Ma

nag

ed

/clo

ud

se

rvic

es

OT

-IT in

teg

ratio

n, c

on

su

lting

Smart

transmission

Smart

distribution

Smart

consumption

and microgrids

Smart

distributed energy

systems

Smart

markets

$ € ₹

Business applications Grid control applications Grid planning and simulation

CIM CIM

Siemens.com/answers

Intelligent Compact Substations for a Smarter Grid -

The modular concept out of one hand

Web of Systems for distributed autonomous control –

Example: The Intelligent Secondary Substation in a Smart Grid

+ Minimized engineering effort Plug-and-Play capabilities, remote software update

and feature enhancements, asset monitoring

+ Reliable system operation

at lower cost Supervised autonomous local control enables

reliable and stable smart grid operation while

making use of internet connections to an operation

center which are highly cost efficient but have

lower quality of service

Internet

Dramatic change of power flow

in substations

2003

today

Sensors Step-Trafo Feeders

Smart Networked Device

Controller

Intelligent Secondary

Substation

Control

Center

The modular energy

storage system for a

reliable power supply

SIESTORAGE

Energy storage technologies and application areas

Electrical storage

Mechanical storage

Electrochemical storage

Chemical storage

Source: Study by DNK/WEC “Energie für Deutschland 2011“, Bloomberg – Energy Storage technologies Q2 2011

CAES – Compressed Air Energy Storage

1 kW 10 kW 100 kW 1 MW 10 MW 100 MW 1,000 MW

Dual film capacitor

Superconductor

coil

Min

ute

s

Seconds

Hours

D

ays

/month

s

Li-ion

NaS batteries

Redox flow batteries

H2 / methane storage (stationary)

Diabatic

adiabatic CAES Water pumped

storage

Technology Flywheel energy storage

SIESTORAGE

Time in use

• Know-how in different battery

technologies and chemistries

• Designed for the use of

various battery suppliers

• Technical data depending on

supplier

• Maximum savings through

optimized plant operation

Energy Storage for very different purposes

SIESTORAGE Decentralized generation

Min

ute

s

Seconds

Hours

D

ays

W

eeks

Distribution grid Transmission grid

Reserve capacity

Variable generation

(PV, Wind) Consumer / Prosumer Conventional power plants

Application Segmentation

• Response to emergencies

• Residential/

commercial selfsupply

• Industrial peak shaving • On-grid + grid upgrade

deferral

• Remote areas/ off-grid

• Avoid curtailment

• Rules for grid integration

• Energy arbitrage

(time shifting) • Increase flexibility

/ load optimization

• Ensure stability

• Load optimization

• Ensure power

system stability

1 kW Power 100 kW 1 MW 10 MW 20 MW

Reserves

Time shifting

Firming

System

stability

Siemens.com/answers

Smart buildings: the answer to the increasing complexity of

tomorrow’s energy systems

Building Technologies

Sustainable, innovative technology by Siemens, anno 2014 : the future of building management

80% operating costs

40% energy

30% maintenance

10% other costs

Of this

20% building costs

Did you know

that 80% of the

total

costs of building

arise during

operation?

Building Technologies - The future of building management

Convergence and integration of autonomous systems in one communication platform

Totally

integrated

Buildings are smart and fully integrated Convergence and

integration Thanks to interfaces, the technical

infrastructure solutions converge with

superior business systems, thus

increasing the benefits of the complete

infrastructure for:

more transparency

more flexibility

reduced operating costs

Technical infrastructures

IT networks

Heating,

ventilation,

air conditioning

Lighting,

shading

Fire safety Security

Integration

IT c

on

ve

rge

nc

e

Smart Buildings manage optimally local consumption, generation and

storage, by providing detailed monitoring

Energy Portfolio Management Replace one energy source by a more cost-competitive alternative

Co-Generation Use CHP, PV or other Power Supply

for Co-generation

Shifting/Balancing Shift consumption to low tariff to reduce peak load

Shaping Reduce consumption

24h

Base load

Demand

0h

Consumption to grid

DemandConsumption

to grid

Supply

24h0h

Building Energy Management System (BEMS)

Smart Neighbourhood

Grid and Building have entered the development phase

of becoming "smart"

Evolution of grid and building

Central Generation • Central generation plants

• Central T&D concept

Building Control • HVAC Control

• Pneumatic technology

Decentral Generation • Political trend (e.g. EEG)

• First pilots for wind and PV plants

Building Automation • Building Management System

• Integration of other technical

subsystems, e.g. PV

Smart Grid Pilots • Virtual Power Plant in Europe

• Demand Response market in US

• First Microgrid pilots

• First smart metering roll-outs

Building Performance • Energy Efficiency

• Total Building Solutions

• Remote building and energy

management

• First demand response

applications (Sitecontrols)

Smart Grid • Efficient integration of renewable and

distributed generation by VPPs

• Trend towards decentralized grid

structures

• Large smart meter installed base

• Distribution automation; full know-ledge

of grid status down to LV-level

Smart Building in Smart Grid • Intelligent energy consumption

• Energy supply-side management

• Local energy generation

• Energy storage

• Interface to smart grid

Traditional

Prosumer

Smart

1

2

3

1990 2000 2015-2020 2012

Sm

art

Cit

ies /

Sm

art

Neig

hb

ou

rho

od

s

Distributed Energy Systems

Aspern (Vienna), Austria

Smart data to business example:

Smart City Research Aspern, Vienna

One of the biggest Smart

City Projects in Europe

Apartments for

20.000 inhabitants and

20.000 work places until 2030

Size: 240 Hectare

Manifold utilization generates

economic impulse and

provides quality of life, ideal

“living lab”

New, multifunctional city district

including apartments, offices,

business and research quarters

and a school campus.

Seestadt Wien Aspern

addresses the

Megatrends urbanization

and climate change

Future oriented concept

including technologies,

products and solution for an

energy efficient city district

Digitalization changes everything

Nikos Hatziargyriou,

HEDNO, BoD Chairman & CEO

Chair of ETP SmartGrids

REPOWERING EUROPE Photovoltaics: centre-stage in the power system

Brussels, 18 May 2016

Challenges and opportunities in the integration of PV in the electricity

distribution networks

Evolution of EUROPEAN solar PV CUMULATIVE installed capacity 2000-2014

Source: www.solarpowereurope.org

http://www.solarpowereurope.org/

EUROPEAN cumulative solar PV market scenarios

Source: www.solarpowereurope.org

http://www.solarpowereurope.org/

95% of PV capacity is installed at LV (60%) and MV (35%)

Source: EPIA, 2012

Source: ENEL, 2013

Italy: Energy Flows at TSO-DSO boundary

Use of Network is decreased, but not the need for investments

Power flows between transmission and distribution network in Italy, 2010-2012 Source: Enel Distribuzione

Distribution networks are designed for peak

power, which is needed few hours per

year

Impact of VRES on distribution networks (1/2)

March 2013 - Working days Southern regions

March 2010 - Working days Southern regions

Hour (h) Hour (h)

Steep ramps in the evening

Apparent reduction in the morning Load covered by

wind and PV

Impact of VRES on distribution networks (2/2)

Hour (h) Hour (h)

March 2013 - Sundays & holidays Southern regions

March 2010 - Sundays & holidays Southern regions

Reverse power flow (from MV to HV)

Load covered by wind and PV

Congestion - Thermal ratings (transformers, feeders etc) especially on: Low load – max generation situations - unavailability of network elements (Ν-1

criterion)

Voltage regulation Overvoltage (e.g. minL – maxG situation or/combined with high penetration in LV

network) - Undervoltage (e.g. large DER after OLTC/VR) - increased switching operation of OLTC/VR

Short circuit DER contribution to fault level - compliance with design fault level etc

Reverse power flows – impact on: Capability of transformers, automatic voltage control systems (e.g. OLTC), voltage

regulation, voltage rise etc

Power quality Rapid voltage change, flicker, DC current injection , harmonics, etc

Islanding – Protection Personnel/consumers/facilities safety, mis-coordination among protection

equipment and reduced sensitivity operation zone

Technical Challenges

Requirements for DER capabilities in Network Codes

• Expanded operation limits for voltage and frequency in normal operation

• Continuous operation under low voltage (LVRT or FRT)

• Voltage support during faults (injection of reactive current)

• Frequency support:

o Static (droop type, ΔP=kΔf – mainly for overfrequency)

o Dynamic (inertial support, ΔP=kROCOF)

• Contribution to Voltage Regulation:

o Reactive power control /power factor (cosφ=f(U) ή cosφ=f(P))

o Active voltage regulation

• Monitoring και power control of DER stations:

o Active power curtailment

o Limits of rate of change of power production

o Provision of spinning reserve

Transmission Services Distribution Services

• Control of DER Reactive power control (P-Q, V-Q etc), active power curtailment

• Future concepts Centralised or decentralised storage for peak saving Coordinated (centralised or decentralised) voltage control Usage of SCADA software or other (smart grids, web-interfaces e.g.)

Requirements for DER Stations in Network Codes

12

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

PV

ge

ne

ratio

(p

.u.)

Time (h)

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1

1,1

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

Loa

d (

p.u

.)

Time (h)

Daily PV generation and load curves

Source: EC, FP7 Sustainable Project

Coordinated Voltage Control

Study Case in Rhodes

13

Conventional practice

Advanced voltage control

Improvement of node voltages (daily variation) by gradual application of

control means

3rd Node

Centralized control

(Optimization: minimize voltage

deviations from nominal)



24

2

1

1 1

*N

it ref

t i

J w V V

Standard practice (typical voltage regulation)

Advanced controller:

14

Improvement in voltage variations

Improvement of node voltages (daily variation) by applying advanced controller

(Objective: minimize voltage deviations - All available control variables exploited)



The ETP SmartGrids Vision

http://www.smartgrids.eu

55%

2015

Asset

Utilisation

BaU

Integration of

Innovative Flexible

Technologies

2020 2030+

35%

25%

17

Can we afford silo & non smart?

Megagrid

Microgrids

Smart

Network

Technologies

Demand Response

Storage Flexible DG

Paradigm shift: from redundancy in assets to intelligence

Value of flexible technologies > €30bn/y

Smart Distribution

Challenges for 2020

• Paradigm shift towards smart grid – From redundancy in assets to smart integration of all

available resources – fundamental review of standards

• From Silo to Whole-Systems approach – Enable interaction across sectors and energy

vectors

• From Centralised to Distributed Control – Consumer choices driven development

They support us:

Reuniwatt – Forecasting Use Cases

Marion Lafuma – Marketing Manager

18/05/2016 1

Our company

18/05/2016 2

Reuniwatt’s creation

■ Founded in 2010 by Nicolas SCHMUTZ

■ Reunion Island is a “laboratory” to develop Renewable Energy Sources

– First territory in the world to achieve 30% of RES in the electricity mix

■ Core activity is solar forecasting

25/04/2016 3

Reuniwatt’s Key Numbers

Over 15 years of experience

International Energy Agency Task46

member

Top 20 abstract at EU PVSEC

2015

4 million forecasts everyday

More than 50’000

hours of R&D

Solar Forecasting

18/05/2016 5

The intermittence of solar power

25/04/2016 6 solar power

The benefits of solar forecasting

25/04/2016 7

Soleka – Reuniwatt’s Solar Power Forecasting tool

Cloud cover image acquisition from

ground cameras, ground projection

of the shadows

Satellite image processing to compute the

movements of the clouds

Solar irradiance forecasts using

Numerical Weather

Prediction models

Statistical post-processing methods,

valuation of ground

measurements

In order to give the most accurate forecasts at diverse time horizons (from minutes to several days ahead) and spatial scales (from a single power plant to a whole country), Soleka blends and analyses different data sources:

Forecasting Use Cases

18/05/2016 9

Forecasting for TSOs

■ A decision tool for a massive and secure injection of PV into the grid

18/05/2016 10

To ensure grid’s security and reliability, the system operator must be able to

maintain the balance at every moment.

3

Determine Operation reserve requirements

Better day-ahead flexible resources commitment

Secure load monitoring

Take into account distributed production

2 1

4

Forecasting for energy trading

■ A certain competitive knowledge advantage for energy traders who integrate them in their daily transactions

18/05/2016 11

3

Bidding strategies with revenue maximization

Portfolio management

Risk mitigation

Imbalance charges and penalties reduction

2 1

4

Forecasting for storage optimisation

18/05/2016 12

3

Increase the amount of energy injected into the grid

Increase the batteries’ lifetime by avoiding their cycling

Release of previously stored energy when clouds pass over the installation

2 1

946kW photovoltaic power plant coupled to a 1,200kWh lithium-ion storage solution located on the rooftop of a

commercial centre in Reunion Island

Forecasting for hybrid systems (PV+diesel off-grid projects)

18/05/2016 13

Cut the spinning reserve when the weather allows it: Turn off and restart the generators according to the clouds’ movements

Long-term fuel savings 2 1

They support us

Find more information on our website www.reuniwatt.com

18/05/2016 14

http://reuniwatt.com/

© 2015 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 1 Customer

Market Access

MAHER CHEBBO, PhD Energy

General Manager Energy

European, Middle East and Africa

SAP

[email protected]

Chairman ETP SmartGrids Damand & Digital group

President of ESMIG (European Smart Energy Association)

http://esmig.eu/

http://www.smartgrids.eu/


3

Exchange

Platforms

1

Market

Trends

2

Market

Structure

4

Way

forward


European Energy targets 2020, 2030, COP21, Energy Union

• Security of Supply

• Internal Markets

• Environment

20/20/20

1995 Energy Policy Framework

• GHG - 40%

• Renewables +27%

• Energy Efficiency +27%

2030 framework for climate and energy policies

European Council October 2014 • Strategic Framework for the Energy Union

• Communication on the Road to Paris COP21

Energy Union

2015 New Commission Program

Increasing targets for Energy Efficiency and Renewables and CO2 horizon 2030 and beyond

Energy is becoming a cross-border union topic

http://esmig.eu/


5 active end-users trends within SmartGrids

Self-generation

Electrification

Flexibility

Market

participation

Grid divorce

User investment in own or community-owned electricity generation stimulated by commercial

attractiveness versus grid-delivered electricity (government support schemes, economies of scale).

Based mainly on commercial, non-regulated market products/services.

User investment in replacing primary energy by electricity for basic needs such as heating and mobility.


User participation to power system optimization by offering Controllable load or generation.

Based mainly on commercial services for regulated market.

User participation to electricity markets by offering generation or negative-generation (load).


User investment in becoming as independent as possiblefrom grid-delivered electricity.

Based mainly on commercial, non-regulated market products/services. ×


Customer Centric Smart Energy : A challenging Equation

These factors have been considered but not as ONE Equation or ONE Model.

2016 … 2020 SET Plan should put it all together in ONE integrated Strategic Energy Technology Plan

CUSTOMER

CENTRIC

ENERGY

POLICIES

SOCIO-

ECONOMICS

DIGITALIZATION

ENERGY

VALUE CHAIN


As a well-informed consumer is crucial to achieve our goals,

ESMIG and EDSO for Smart Grids have developed a consumer

information portal,

www.My-Smart-Energy.eu.

6

My Smart Energy Portal for European Consumers

http://esmig.eu/


3

Exchange

Platforms

1

Market

Trends

2

Market

Structure

4

Way

forward


Demand Response in today’s market design? Example UK

(source Enernoc)

© 2011 SAP AG. All rights reserved. 9

European influence on Energy solutions:

Expectations on the Harmonization roadmap

Central South Liberalization Hub

(Connecting markets)

Central East Central West

Baltic UK & Ireland

Northern South West

ERGEG’s 8 Regional Markets (currently only Electricity)

time

2005 Mid-term outlook (according to ERGEG)

1 ~ 10 years from 2005 (est.)

Long-term outlook

~20 years from 2005 (est.)


Strong forces challenge the century old business model of Utilities

DE-CARBONIZATION DE-REGULATION

§§

DE-CENTRALIZATION DIGITIZATION

Climate and Energy regulations

change faster than traditional

business models and business

operations can adjust...


3

Exchange

Platforms

1

Market

Trends

2

Market

Structure

4

Way

forward


5 Technology Trends that are changing the world of Customers by

2020-25. Kicking off already now

Hyper-Connectivity

Super-Computation

Cloud

IoT

Cyber-security

Manage the energy service from any device, anywhere. Creates new channels from

users to service providers. Enabling communities in creating new energy services

Pervasive access to a variety of sensing and control devices

Computation and data storage resources offered by Parties as enabling platform for

energy services

Privacy, 3rd party access to user data only by consent Protects energy system

against failure from cyber attacks

Inferring relations between user-generated and other Information, beyond the

capabilities today, as to improve existing or creating new energy services

Moving into a connected world, machine to machine and human to business networks

Enabling Cloud Platforms, IOT sensing devises and control against Cyber-Security attacks


Meaningful (simple) Digtial Services to Customers anytime

anywhere by 2020-25 How their day will look like ?

Technology is available. But needed Open Platforms & eMarketplaces for Energy to be massively

adopted as the eCommerce Internet Services were


By 2020-25 Customer Data available 100% for SMEs and Corporates

to innovate in Energy Efficiency Services (100s to 1000s available)

BUSINESS

PROCESS

PLATFORM

Forecasting

Predictions

Benchmarking

Real Time Intelligence

INFORMATION

PLATFORM

Powered by Digital (Big Data – e.g. SAP HANA)

By 2020-25, Customer Data needs to be 100% available that SMEs & Corp. can innovate in EE services.

Being simple & adapted to their Profile, energy self control will become part of their daily « casual »

tasks as Smart phones are


Now Technology can Benchmark the Energy Efficiency

of Residential Customers anytime

Ranking of

Residential

customers in

Energy Efficiency

over the last billing

period :

Example of a

Household ranked

8,832 out of a peer

group of 100,814

households

Customer

Intelligence


Aggregation

• Instantly aggregate and analyze customers’ energy

Consumption Pattern Determination

• Categorize customers that share consumption behavior

Peak Load Determination

• Display peak demands, peak time periods, peak customers, etc

Comparison/Benchmarking

• Compare customer consumption with benchmarking, patterns, etc

Forecasting

• Forecast consumption trends, peak demands, peak time periods

[NEW] Real Time Energy Analysis on the Cloud Leveraring the Cloud, IOT & Big Data (SAP HANA)

Customer

Intelligence


H2020 project «FLEXICIENCY» : SAP, ENEL,

EDF, Vattenfal, Verbund, EDSO, …18 Partners

H2020 project led by ENEL

18 Companies contributing

ENR HCP “FLEXICIENCY “ Electricity

pan-European Marketplace for

Distribution & Retail :

Kind of “Apple Store” for Energy

Demand Services running on

HANA Cloud Platform (SAP)

Potential of 10 000 Utilities on the same

Public Marketplace

Energy Cloud

Platform


«FLEXICIENCY» is a new Dynamic Energy Marketplace

based on SAP HCP

Publish Subscribe

DSO

ESCO

RETAILER

AGGREGATO

R

…

DSO

A virtual ICT environment, the Market Place, will be developed in order to catalyse the interactions between all the relevant stakeholders in an open and

standardized way and to encourage a cross-country and cross-player access to innovative energy services. This will foster the birth and growth of new

electricity retail economic models throughout EU28, which will in turn increase in the future the overall electricity system flexibility, while maximizing energy

efficiency across Europe.

Example of UI design for the project

Energy Cloud

Platform


H2020 «FLEXICIENCY» use cases

Description of use-case and associated services B2B/B2C Countries

involved Lead partner Market Place function

Customer support New customer with new contract (existing POD)

B2C Sweden Vattenfall

Service request

Customer changes retailer Market data, service request

Customer buys HAN/IHC service Service request

Billing and administrating (energy consumptions, specific tariffs for DR) B2C Spain ENDESA

Service request

Negotiating and updating consumers' contracts Market data, service request

Advanced monitoring

Data analytics: load curves B2B/B2C France ERDF

Service request Spain ENDESA

Customer sends specific information related to their contracts when participating in DR: energy consumption profile, critical loads, billing,..

B2C Spain ENDESA Service request

Real-time or given frequency data processing B2B Italy ENEL Service request

Energy monitoring (history, forecast, alerts, support) for customers B2C Austria Verbund Market data, service request

Italy ENEL

Customer subscribes to outage information in real-time (e.g. power failures in secondary homes)

B2C Sweden Vattenfall Service request

Local energy control Local energy optimization by customer with packaged consumption data;

supervision of heating equipment by customer B2C Sweden Vattenfall Market data, service request

Local energy optimization at customer installation (demand/generation) B2C Italy/Austria Verbund

Service request EU wide Italy ENEL

Executing demand response (simulated) B2B France, UK, Holland ERDF Service request

Flexibility (service at aggregated customers level) Demand response at aggregated level for a city B2C Spain ENDESA service request

Investigation of flexibility service by using VPP (e.g. voltage control, balancing and/or congestion management)

B2C/B2B ≥2 CyberGrid Service request

Energy Cloud

Platform


[NEW] Asset Intelligence Network high-level architecture

Manufacturer apps Asset lifecycle Ticketing/

notifications

Joint work

scheduling Benchmarking Parts verification Knowledge base

Predictive remote

maintenance

Ma

nu

factu

rer

sid

e

Nameplate info

Service bulletins & revs

Maint./inspection strategy

Structure/parts

Recalls

Op & maint. instructions

Failure modes

Safety controls

Process controls

Designs & drawings

Measuring point

Product training

Licensing

Design improvements

Installation parameters

define

contr

ol

opera

te

impro

ve

Collaboration Network learning on assets

Secure Anonymized information for

industry-wide comparisons

Content Consume any information from any

party using a standardized taxonomy

Open Any manufacturers and customers

1

2

3

4

Publish Subscribe

Measurement/telemetry

Usage information

Installation information

Failure/incident data

Service bulletin processing

Risks and controls

Design recommendations

Recall processing

M2M / IOT initiative

Maintenance history

defin

e

contro

l opera

te

impro

ve

Reviews

Op

era

tor s

ide


3

Exchange

Platforms

1

Market

Trends

2

Market

Structure

4

Way

forward


At Europa Forum in Lech (Austria) on 14/04/2016, we suggested

5 Strategic Energy Projects to get the best of Digital in Europe …

Fostering Digital skills will help fill some 900.000 vacancies coming in the future

The potential contribution to European GDP from achieving a Digital Single Market is estimated 415 B€

Europe Single Digital Market will spend 50 b€ on Digital according to Commissioner Oettinger.


© 2015 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without the express permission of SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company.

SAP and other SAP products and services mentioned herein as well as their respective logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of SAP SE (or an SAP affiliate

company) in Germany and other countries. Please see http://global12.sap.com/corporate-en/legal/copyright/index.epx for additional trademark information and notices.

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affiliated companies shall not be liable for errors or omissions with respect to the materials. The only warranties for SAP SE or SAP affiliate company products and

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Changing roles: new business models for utilities

Repowering Europe – Photovoltaics: centre-stage in the power system 18 May 2016, Brussels

Solar has experienced an exponential growth, driven by

its remarkable benefits

2

1. Includes utility- and small-scale solar, in GWAC. Source: IHS - The Outlook for Renewable Power: Half-year update,

2015–30 (Dec 2015)

2. Source: IHS – The Outlook for renewable power 2015-2030 (Mar 2015)

Solar growth Drivers

Solar world-wide installed capacity (GW)1

2005

~5

~45%

2015

~220

PV CSP CAGR

>$100bn of power capacity investments

globally in 20152 $

Abundant natural resources

Climate change

High social acceptance and demand

Provide access to electricity

Decreasing costs

Job creation

Low-risk investment

Simplicity and modularity

Solar is at the core of the Future E.ON strategy

3

Note: E.ON will retain responsibility for the remaining operation and dismantling of its nuclear generating capacity in

Germany. Nuclear energy not a strategic asset

Key trends in the energy sector … … will be embraced by the Future E.ON were Solar will play a

key role

Renewables

deployment,

especially for solar

Decentralisation &

individualisation

Digitalisation of

the energy sector

Renewables

Energy Networks

Customer Solutions

Growth in utility-

scale PV & Batteries

Key enabler for

solar deployment

Distributed PV &

Battery solutions

DSO as enabler of the energy transformation

4

Tomorrow Yesterday

Generation

Distribution

Consumption

Conventional

Generation

Renewables Smart Grid

Storage

Virtual

power plants

CHP

Photovoltaic

E-Mobility

Smart Meter

heat pump

Energy Efficiency

Energy transition is already happening at DSO level

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

EEG-Leistung

%-Anteil kumuliert

An

teil

EE

ku

mu

liert

Datenquelle:

EEG-Anlagenstammdaten & Datenmeldung von ÜNB,

Stand Januar 2015, eigene Darstellung

GW

Insta

llie

rte L

eis

tun

g V

NB

Customers evolve from consumers to energy partners

Product portfolio is expanding with new solutions

Recent proof points

1. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning

New solutions already

contributing additional

revenues

Very limited Capex

requirement

Good pick-up lays

foundation for further

growth

SME commercial lighting

projects delivered

value added service

products sold

PV contracts signed

connected home

devices deployed

400,000

65,000

60

3,500

PV (& battery)

Energy efficiency

(e.g. HVAC1, lighting)

Value added

services

Customer engagement/

connected home

Smart check Saving energy

toolkit

In the German market E.ON is already active in all parts

of the PV market

8

German PV market

current PV activities EDG

10 MWp

Sales: Residential (PV and Battery), SME and wholesale customers, roof-top and ground-mounted systems (incl. tender)

Operations: nationwide project planning, installation, logistics, quality audits, claim management etc. for all sizes

O&M: Product offerings for all sizes (incl. service provider, E.ON visualization in pilot phase etc.)

Siz

e k

Wp

Se

gm

en

ts

0 kWp

Residential Tender

private roof-top

SME Industrial

ground-mounted

Commercial / industrial roof-top

To drive a successful solar deployment, the industry, the

policy makers and the society need to work together

9

Coexistence of different renewables technologies

Policy makers Energy industry

Society

Continuous improvement

Drive down solar costs

Invest in grid as key enabler

Deliver the best solutions for

our customers

Stable policy, fostering

competitiveness

Avoid retroactive changes

Revitalize ETS

Move towards tendering model

Support solar deployment

Demand cleaner and better energy

Vitalize a PPA market

Take fair share of system costs

ETS: Emissions Trading System; PPA: Power Purchase Agreement

10

THANK YOU!

PV VALUE BEYOND ELECTRONS

James Watson, CEO, SolarPower Europe

Repowering Europe conference, 18 May 2016

2

SolarPower Europe

3

1. Solar PV must be seen as a solution to our energy challenges

2. Solar PV value to the system must be maximised

Key messages today

GLOBAL SOLAR PV ANNUAL GRID CONNECTIONS 2000 - 2015

>50 GW in 2015

The EU energy policy triumvirate

4

Solar PV: a solution to our energy (policy) challenges

competitiveness

security of supply

sustainability

5

Solar PV: A sustainable solution to our energy challenges

Title and date


6


competitiveness

security of supply

sustainability

7

Solar PV: Competitive today

Source: SolarPower Europe on the basis of EU Commission data, 2014

CEOs of Engie and Shell recognise that solar will be the bedrock of the energy system

8

Solar PV: Cost effective for all

Sources: Sparen, Liefern, Pachten, BSW, June 2015. Solar for Social Housing, SolarCentury

Solar will bring lower energy bills for consumers and is accessible to all


9


competitiveness

security of supply

sustainability

10

Solar PV: Providing support services to the grid

Source: ETIP PV Grid Integration White Paper, taken from K. Büdenbender, M. Braun, T. Stetz, and P. Strauss, “Multifunctional PV Systems Offering Additional Functionalities and Improving Grid Integration,” Int. J. Distrib. Energy Resour., vol. 7, no. 2

11

Solar PV: Decentralised systems are more resilient

Source: European Commission

12

1. Solar PV must be seen as a solution to our energy (policy) challenges

2. Solar PV value to the system must be maximised

Key messages reminder

POWER GENERATION CAPACITIES (MW) ADDED IN THE EU 28 IN 2015

13

What is the true value of Solar PV in the system?

Source: IEA - CEM Multilateral Wind & Solar Working Group meeting, 15 March 2016, Beijing

The PV system value is the difference between its costs and benefits

14

Solar PV system capabilities

Solar can provide grid services. We need the right regulatory framework to activate them in a market-based approach.

PV can increase the value to the system

15

We can do a lot with solar PV – why aren’t we?

Source: Wind in Power, 2015 EU statistics, EWEA Source:Working Paper Trading volumes in intraday markets: Theoretical reference model and empirical observations in selected European markets, April 2015, Simon Hagemann and Christoph Weber

Inflexibility Trading is low

16

We need a new framework fit for PV

17

A Vision of Future Power Systems

1 Photovoltaic Power Plant 2 Wind Farm 3 Hydro Electric Power Plant 4 Energy Self-sufficient Family Home 5 Communal Storage 6 Pumped Storage Hydro Power

7 Central Electrolysis/Methanation Station 8 Hydrogen Filling Station 9 Gas-fired Power Station 10 Energy Self-sufficient Telecom Station 11 Green Intralogistics

Source: Fronius 2014

23/05/2016

presentation title, Verdana, 8pt 18

Delivering solar power for Europe

For further information, please contact:

James Watson| [email protected]

Rue d’Arlon 69-71

B-1040 Brussels - Belgium

Tel.: +32-2-709.55.20

Fax: +32-2-725.32.50

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ETIP PV conference: 'Photovoltaics: centre-stage in the power system

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Transcript of ETIP PV conference: 'Photovoltaics: centre-stage in the power system