Ethos, Pathos, Logos

Bell WorkWhat do you think about and/or feel when you look at this ad?

Objective

You will be able to identify the three kinds of appeals that every argument should contain.

Appeal• An appeal is a serious or urgent request, typically

one made to the public; a means of persuasion.

• EVERY strong argument needs the following 3 appeals:– Ethos– Pathos– Logos

• Why?– Because of the evidence from our old friend Aristotle

and his research on the topic…

How can we ensure that we have a strong argument?

• Aristotle was an Ancient Greek philosopher who loved to think and argue!

• He believed that rhetoric helps to make an argument stronger and better.

• What is rhetoric?– the art of using language persuasively and effectively

Therefore…

Aristotle says that the 3 appeals (ethos, pathos, and logos) make up the best combination of language to ensure you are persuasive AND

effective when speaking.

What is logos?

• the use of logic and critical reasoning to persuade someone of your beliefs and opinions

• Examples of logos used in arguments might include facts, definitions, statistics, and explanations.

What is pathos?

• the use of emotion to persuade someone of your beliefs and opinions

• Examples of pathos used in an argument might include:– personal stories or anecdotes– powerful words– humor– religious or spiritual references– emotionally appealing visual descriptions

What is ethos?

• The establishment of a writer or speaker’s credibility, authority, and believability

• The writer or speaker’s ethos is what helps to establish her sense of character, causing her audience to trust her and the information she is presenting.

• Also deals with right and wrong.

Ethos, cont’d

• Examples of how a writer or speaker may establish ethos might include:

– Referencing experts and credible sources of information that are cited properly

– Showing, speaking in fairness– using appropriate language that fits the audience and

subject matter

ETHOS, PATHOS, and LOGOS

– AS YOU ANALYZE THE ADVERTISMENTS:• Ethos: Is it Ethical?• Pathos: Does it make you feel a strong

emotion?• Logos: Does it make you use your sense of

reason?

EthosPathos

orLogos?

Ethos, Pathos,

or Logos?

Ethos, Pathos, or Logos?

Ethos, Pathos, or Logos?

Ethos, Pathos or Logos?

You Try!

• http://teacherweb.com/CA/SantaBarbaraHighSchool/MrVelasco/Ethos-Pathos-Logos-worksheet.pdf

• Take a moment to read each excerpt. Decide which appeal is being used (ONE for each). DO NOT voice your answer out loud; give everyone a minute to read and think for him/herself.

Homework

• Bring in an advertisement, from a magazine, online, newspaper, etc and in a few sentences, write down which appeal(s) is being used and an a brief explanation of how you know.

• Due TOMORROW!

Exit Slip

• Why should you use each of the three appeals in your arguments?

• How can you ensure you include logos?• How can you ensure you include pathos?• How can you ensure you include ethos?