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Justice and Fair Dealing forevery Indian who desires tobecome a good Citizen. T H E T O M A H A W K .T r u t h b e f or e F a v o r . "

Published in behalf of, andto secure the welfare of theIndians of theUnited States.- ' :^Ni\j r 'Vol. XV. White Earth, Becker County, Minnesota, Thursday, January 24. 1918.

T H E T O M A H A W K .6U S H. BEAULIEU, Founder.C. H. BEAULIEU, Edi tor.W h i t e E a r t h A g e n c y , M i n n e s o t a .

Eniered at the Postofflce at WhiteEarth, Minn., as mail matter of theSecond class.

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For the greater part MinnesotaChippewas are citizens and voters.This summer a campaign will beon and we Minnesota Chi ppewaswill do well to support such patriots as Senator Nelson, GovernorBurnquist and Julius Schmail.Is red tope the bane of our governmental departments? Congr esshas in its investigations discoveredthat the war department is boundhand and foot by the red, red

stuff. Because of our nationalexegencies the people are withCongress in demanding less redtape and more individual businessinitiative.The Indian office with its redtape is not perilling the life of thenation but it is strangling initiativeon the part of such Americans whoare known as Indians.We Indians will fight for Uncle

Sam as loyally as any Americancitizen, but along with this, we dodemand recognition as self-respecting individuals and entitled to allthe rights of citizenship.

Russia as Russia does not seemto know its elbow from 40 cents inchange. Under this bewildermentGermany seems to be getting theupper hand of her. An Irishmanwas once inhaling an egg^ it hadwell advanced chicken life and asthe chick went down it cried"Peep." Said Pat, "Beggora mefriend you. schpake too late."When Russia comes too it will beto > late for her if Germany winsthe present world war. But sheisn't going to win and Russia willfind her safety through the prowessof theallies and theUnited States,and notbecause of her craven at-titute in having sought a separatepeace.

I n d i a n s S t a r t F i g h t l o R e -g a i n M i n e r a l L a n d s .Red Tomahowk of StandingRock agency, one of the leadingyoung men among the Sioux Indians of South Dakota, heads adelegation of his tribe which ismaking a fighc for the whole mineral region of South Dakota, whichis known as the Black Hills.The delegation was in Mitchell,S. D., recently inconference withDaniel B. Henderson of Washing

ton, anattorney, who is the representative of the Indians in theirfight for the territory.It is the contention of the In

dians that when the Black Hillswere ceded by the Indians to thewhites, the Indians did not intendto cede the mining section, andthat the ground thus claimed neverwas ceded, although white menhave occupied it and operatedmines there for years.

Read THE TOMAHAWK, 52 issues$ 1 5 0 . .

T h e I n d i a n in t h e A r m y .The Quarterly Journal in itsAutum n number devoted greatspace to the question of the Indian's place in the army, andand voices its own opinion thatthe Indians should not be segregated into a racial military unit.There arethose whobelieve thatfor racial glory and renown, theIndians should be massed intounits of battallions, regiments andeven divisions, and one so believing has ventured to suggest suchpersons as Senators Curtis andOwens and others as worthy commanders of large units. We appreciate the sentiment that promptsthe mention of distinguished Indians as commanders of purelyIndian military bodies, one i t believes would bring the race intoprominence and seek to make history for the Indians as the Indianin a worlds history that is beingfearfuMy made.We have given much thought tothe subject and have come to anindividual conclusion that w e hardly think it best to separate theIndian from his fellows of thiscountry by a segregation into theracial military unit.I D this, the editor is speakingfor himself alone, and wishes it tobe distinctly understood. So faras he has observed the individualIndian of army age has made nodemand for the racial militaryunit; so far the Indian has volunteered purely upon individualinitiative and with the same senseof patriotism as has moved hiswhite brother.Clamor as he will for his politi

cal and tribal rights, he seems tosense that feeling that he is partof the people of this country andowes it a duty as against aliennations. When he has been conscripted he has submitted like hiswhite young neighbor. In his waythen he has recognized his actualand potential status as the American.W e say, let the young Indian bethe judge rather than those whofor or against, have advanced onlysentimental reasons.Those who fear exhibition ofracial prejudice should considerthat it can be shown against aregiment of Indians as well asagainst theIndian individual.But more, racial prejudice doesnot exist, and if it did militarycomradeship would soon kill it,military discipline would not permit it. Ask ajy Civil war Indianveteran and he will tell you thathis race status did not hinder himin the least in his standing as thesoldier and thecomrade.The Indian is being taken intothe U. S Army as the Americanand without prejudice.

But there is a lesson to belearned by the Indian office fromthe discussions that have arisenover the question. Mr. Sells isnot in favor of segregation of theIndians in a fighting unit and herethe editor can agree with him.Bu t let Mr. Sells stop and thinkhow bis office is treating the youngman, and the old man too for thatmatter, in civil life.He looks upon the Indian hereas a mere ward and as incompetent, and acts with varyin g de

grees of severity according as isthe report of some narrow- mindedfield official. Mr. Sells becomesvery praiseful of the Indian oncehe is in the service, and yet beforethat Indian was swore in he tormented him if he was independently minded, or fed him pap if hewas meek and yielding.Treat the Indian always in a

manly way.

1 3 I n d i a n B o y s P e r i s h inD o r m i t o r y F i r e .Muskogee, Okla.Thirteen Indian boys were burned to deathlast week in a fire which destroyedthe boys' dormitory of the DwightIndian training school at MarbleCity, Okla , forty miles southeastof Muskogee. The fire, the originof which is unknown, destroyedthe boys' dormitory, which housedabout 125boys.The victims were trapped intheir rooms, the flames spreadingso rapidly that some of the exitswere cut off before thealarm couldbe given all over the building.E x.Recently at our own reservationBoarding School an apparentlyinexcusable incident occurred.

Fortunately it was not one of fire,and no lives were lost, the worstbeing that the children sufferedfrom thecold due to the burstingof steam pipes. But here is a case of horribleoccurence and theloss of the livesof thirteen Indian boys. Fires arealways liable to occur during exceptionally cold weather, still aquestion arises as to whether ornot duevigilance was exercised inorder to avoid, or minimize danger.We do not charge flagrant neglect for the above account is toomeagre whereuuou to base directaccusation of neglect, but we aredriven to a conviction by a comparison of the history of theincident at Marble City with thatof the White Earth BoardingSchool that due precaution againstcatastrophe was not exercised.Where numbers arehoused under one roof there cannot be exercised too much watching ofpremises, and particularly wheninclemency of weather increasesdanger.Due investigation shoutd bemade by the Indian office, andthoroughly made. But will it bemade? Had such a fire as occuredat Marble City resulting in loss oflife occured in any State institution, and particularly where children were congregated, popularindignation would have blazed anddemanded thorough investigation,and also demanded the severestpenalty the lawcould inflict uponnegligent whose failure in dutybrought death.

We trust that thepeople of theState of Oklahoma will arise inwrath and demand an investigation, and furthermore we believethe citizens of Marble City shouldnot fail to demand of the Indianoffice an investigation that shouldtake in citizens of their city asparts of a committee to investigate. To send an Indian officeschool inspector to investigate willnot be enough for the professionalinspector haS notthe confidence ofIndian people.Rightly or wrongly the authorities of the school are under suspicion of negligence, and faith inthe Indian office does not existamong the Indians. What is going

to be done?

E t h n i c s .No, we are not joking, but afterreading these statements takenfrom "Our Wild Indians," 'theorigin of the Indian custom oftaking the scalps of their slainenemies seems to be lost in obscurity' , and, 'Scalping wouldseem therefore to have been aSyrian, and probably a Jewishcustom,' we have been led intospeculation.

There are those whobelieve thatthe North American Indian is ofJewish descent, he certainly hasmany of the physical characteristicsof the Jewish type of countenance,and it was said also by some ethnologists of the older school that hisGrand Medicine practices andthinking bear a strong resemblanceto some Hebraic customs.W e do not so believe, we have atheory that there are Indians andIndians. Some are strictly aboriginal, purely native to this continent and some we believe areof Mongolian origin.But here is the mystery, ifpractice of scalping came fromSyrian and Jew, possibly then theIndian is Jewish, andwhen scalping only practices the war act ofhis Jewish projenitor.Be what it may, he was certainlyan artist in hair work.

A n o t h e r G . A , R . V e t e r a nH a s G o n e B e y o n d .Within thirty minutes of thenoon hour, Wednesday the 16th,inst., Alexander H. Beaulieu, anhonored and respected resident ofFosston for many years past, diedsuddenly at his home here, in the73rd year of his age.Mr. Beaulieu was a veteran ofthe Civil war, through which heserved in Co . F. 32d Reg't. Wisconsin Vul. Inf't ., as drummerboy, enlisting at the age of 18, onthe 21st of August, 1862, he wasin active service until being honorably discharged June 12th, 1865,and waswith General Sherman in

his historic "march to the sea."He moved from Kaukauna, Wis

consin, to White . Earth in thespring of 1878, where he remainedfive years, then moving to the farmhomestead about seven miles southwest of Fosston; making his homethere for 34 years, then coming toFosston to live, in November, 1916In theyear 1870, at Kaukauna,Wis., hemarried Hellena Coppell,and they have had a* family ofthirteen children,.six of whom areliving; they areJoseph, Eddie andJohn Beaulieu; Mrs. J. R. Giard,of Thief River Falls, Mrs. CharlesHaraldson, of Fosston, and MissGertrude. His faithful wife caredfor himaffectionately to the end.He had been afflicted with hearttrouble for many years and thiseventually caused hisdeath.There arefour surviving brothersand sisters, Theo. H. and NorbertH. , Mrs. M. Van Wert of WhiteEarth and Mrs. Carl Miller ofFosston.Funeral of the deceased was heldon Friday, the 18th, at the Hans-vilie Catholic Church, he was laidto rest in the quiet rural cemeteryof the church beside the restingplace of his two daughters whopreceded him to the great beyond.In his death, Fosston loses aloyal, kind and highly respectedcitizen. The community mournswith the family.The ThirteenTowns, (Fosston, Minn., Jan. 18,1918.Alexander H. Beaulieu, wasborn March 13th, 1845, at the oldB. H. Beaulieu homestead, on theeast side of the Fox river and jutacross from Kaukauna, Wis. Hewas a son of the late Bazil and

Mary Beaulieu and a brother ofPaul H. Beaulieu, also a memberof Co. F. 32d Reg't., Wis. Vol.Inf't., and in whose honor "PaulH. Beaulieu Post, No. 247, G. R.R.,"(Kaukauna, W is.,) was named.Both of these soldier brothers aregrandsons of Paul Hudou ditBeaulieu, one of the early Canadianfur traders of the northwest whoconducted a trading post at Lac laPluie , (Rainy Lake), d uring theyears 1815 16. and subsequently.-eitled at Navarrino, now GreenBay, Wis., in 1834 and, a fewyears later removed to Kaukauna,Wis.

G l a d t o g e t T h e " T o m a h a w k / 1"Cloquet, Minn.,

Jan. 18, 1918.The TOMAHAWK,

White Earth, Minn.,DEAR EDITOR:I received ray first issue of T H ETOMAHAWK, after reading it over Ifind it to be very interesting. Thisis one new leaf I turned over bysubscribing for THE TOMAHAWK,and I believe I done wisely.Yours truly,J. J. F. Landry.

P. S.If it is worth while youmay publish this letter, and alsothe clipping I am enclosing, it waspublished in the Duluth Herald ofJan. 14, 1918."W e aremuch pleased to receivesuch encouragement as Mr.Landr y's letter. For lack of spacehowever we were unable to publish the clipping he inclosed in hisletter.

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