Ethnicity

• Ethnicity: Identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions (Rubenstein)

• Ethnicity: affiliation with a group whose racial, cultural, religious, or linguistic characteristics or national origins distinguish it from a larger population within which it is found (Fellman)

• Ethnocentrism: a tendency to evaluate other culture’s against the standards of one’s own (Fellman 179)

• State

• Nation

• Nation – State

• Nationalism

• Empire

Races

• White

• Black

• Asian

• Native American

• Pacific Islander

Recognized Races by US Census

• White• Black or African Am.• Asian• American Indian or

Native Alaskan• Asian Indian• Chinese• Filipino• Japanese

• Korean• Vietnamese • Other Asian• Native Hawaiian• Guamanian or

Chamorro• Samoan• Other Pacific Islander• Other race

Distribution of the B blood type allele among humans 

• Using the B blood type for defining races, Australian Aborigines would be lumped together with most Native Americans.  Some Africans would be in the same race as Europeans while others would be categorized with Asians.

http://anthro.palomar.edu/ethnicity/ethnic_1.htm

Other terms

• Hispanic – from a Spanish-speaking country

• Latino – from a Latin American country

• Hispanic & Latinos can be of any race –

• Argentina – white

• Mexico – Native American

Distribution of Ethnicities in US

                                                                                  

1.   There was no "decline to state" option allowed for "race" designation forthe year 2000 Census.

2. 97% of the people who reported that they were "some other race" saidthat they were also "Hispanic or Latino" in terms of ethnicity. 

3. There are 57 possible combinations of 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 races that wereallowed.  93% of  the people who reported more than one race,  reportedonly two.  The most common combination was "white" with some other"race.“

4. 48% of Hispanics reported that they were "white" and 42% said theywere "some other race."

RACIAL AND ETHNIC CATEGORIES from 2000 US Census

# OF

PEOPLE

 % OF  POP. 

Total U.S. population 281,421,906 100.0%

Race:   (see note 1)

  --- One race 274,595,678 97.6%

--- White 211,460,626  75.1%

--- Black or African American 34,658,190  12.3%

  --- American Indian & Alaska Native

2,475,956 0.9%

--- Asian 10,242,998 3.6%

--- Native Hawaiian & other Pacific Islander

398,835  0.1%

--- Some other race   (see note 2) 15,359,073  5.5%

--- Two or more races (see note 3) 6,826,228 2.4%

Ethnicity:   (see note 4)

--- Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 35,305,818 12.5%

  --- Not Hispanic or Latino 246,116,088 87.5%

http://anthro.palomar.edu/ethnicity/ethnic_1.htm

Af-am

• Reflects migration to north in early 20th century

His-am

Asia-am

Amerindian, Eskimo, & Aleut

• Ethnic groups in US tend to cluster in cities (Rubenstein 222)

• Why??– Ravenstein’s Laws

Race in the United States

• “separate but equal” doctrine – Plessy vs. Ferguson, 1896

• Brown vs. BOE, Topeka KS, 1954

• “white flight” – 1950’s-1960’s– Blockbusting – Real Estate Agents encourage

white neighbors to sell at a lost, then re-sell higher to African-Americans desperate to escape inner-city

World Examples

Apartheid

• South Africa – 4 races– White– Black– Mixed white and black (colored)– Asian

• Each race had different legal status• International pressure to end starting in

1970’s• Apartheid laws ended in 1991

Belgium

• Dutch-speaking Flemish

• French-speaking Walloons

• Both consider to be Belgian nationality

United Kingdom

• Multinational– England– Scotland– Wales– Northern Ireland

• Scotland and Wales have separate elected governments

• Each have own national soccer teams

World Cup 2010 Teams

China

European colonial empires in 1938

http://anthro.palomar.edu/ethnicity/ethnic_1.htm

Ethnic Conflicts

Recent hotspots of severe racism  

http://anthro.palomar.edu/ethnicity/ethnic_1.htm