Ethnic groups

Question:•China is a multiethnic country, China is a multiethnic country,

how does it unite its 56 ethnic how does it unite its 56 ethnic groups?groups?

What are the defining elements of an ethnic group?

LanguageHomelandSocial values

Ethnic groups

8.41%, 106.43million

Ethnic groups

8.41%, 106.43million

Han people 91.59%

1159.4millionHan people 91.59%

1159.4million

Chinese Minorities

What is the ethnic policy in China?

Equality Unity Mutual assistance Common prosperity

Han peopleChinese language (spoken and written

language)—Chinese-Tibetan language family

Main occupation---agricultureChina’s main great inventions---

compass, papermaking, printing and gunpowder

Han culture---Confucianism, Ancester worship, Chinese religions (Buddhism, Taoism, Roman Catholocism, Christianism and Islamism)

Origin---Han Dynasty (Huaxia)

The 55 minority groups are: Achang, Bai, Mongolian, Mulam, Naxi, Nu, Oroqen, Ozbek, Pumi, Qiang, Russian, Salar, She, Shui, Tatar, Tajik, Tibetan, Tu, Tujia, Uygur, Wa, Xibe, Yao, Yi, Yugur, Zhuang Blang, Bonan, Bouyei, Dai, Daur, De'ang, Dong, Dongxiang, Dulong, Ewenki, Gaoshan, Gelo, Hani, Hezhe, Hui, Jing, Jino, Jingpo, Kazak, Kirgiz, Korean, Lahu, Li, Lisu, Lhoba, Manchu, Maonan, Miao, Moinba,.

Tips: 53 ethnic groups use spoken languages of

their own, and 23 ethnic groups have their own

written languages.

Tips: 53 ethnic groups use spoken languages of

their own, and 23 ethnic groups have their own

written languages.

Zhuang Ethnic Minority China’s largest ethnic

minority; Guangxi Zhuang

Autonomous Region, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guizhou, and Hunan provinces;

Language---Zhuang-Dai branch of Zhuang-Dong Austronesian, part of the Chinese-Tibetan Phylum,

Chinese language

Origin---Song dynasty; 1958; 1964 Main occupation---agriculture (paddy, corn) Folk literature---legends, fairy tales, stories and

ballads Religion---polytheists, worshipping things like

giant rocks, old trees, high mountains, land, dragons, snakes, birds and ancestors;

(Taoism and Buddhism)

Festivals---the Spring Festivals, the Mid-autumn Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival, the Devil Festival. The Cattle Soul Festival, the Feasting Festival, and the Singing Festival (on the third of the third lunar month )

Hui Ethnic Minority The one of the largest ethnic minority

groups and the most widely distributed ethnic minority;

The Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Gansu, Qinghai, Henan, Hebei, Shandong and Yunnan provinces and the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

Language---Chinese Origin---the 7th century

Main occupation---agriculture (livestock), trade handicraft (jewelry, jade and bullion)

Religion---the Islamic religion

Architecture---mosque Festivals---the Kaizhai

Festival, Corban Festival and Almsgiving Festival

the entire month of September the first day of October

The Kaizhai Festival

Tibetan Ethnic Minority Language---the

Tibetan language, the Tibetan script

Tibet Autonomous Region, Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces

Origin---King Songzan Gampo

Main occupation---stockbreeding, and agriculture (highland barley, sheep, goat and yak-Boat of the Plateau)

Architecture---unique in style, with building neatly arranged or rising like magnificent towers and castles

The Potala Palace

Religion---Lamaism(a branch of Buddhism)

Dalai Lama XIV

the 11th Panchen

Lama

Festivals---The Tibetan New Year,

the Shoton Festival, the Great Prayer Festival, the Butter Lamp Festival, the Saga Dawa Festival, the Gyangtse Horse-race Festival, the Nakchu Horse-Race Festival, and the Yarlung Culture Festival.

The Tibetan calendar Food: zanba(roasted qingke

barley flour with butter), gudu/guthug(wheat flour),

qingke wine(highland barely) The greatest festival

celebrated on the highest plateau in the world (Page 182)

The Tibetan New Year

Mongolian Ethnic MinorityThe Inner Mongolia Autonomous

Region, Xinjiang, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Gansu , Sichuan, Ningxia, Yunnan and Qinghai provinces

Language---Mongolian, the Mongolian script

Origin---Genghis Khan

Main occupation---agriculture and industries (Kumiss and roasted mutton)

Religion--- Shamanists Lamaism

Festival---the Nadam Festival, the Bai Festival(The Mongolian New Year)

Nadam FairNadam Fair A traditional festival observed by the Mongolian

people who inhabit Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Qinghai and Xinjiang.

“Nadam”--- “recreation”or “games”(Han Dynasty) Men’s three events---horse racing, wrestling, and

archery Fair

Uygur Ethnic MinorityXinjiang Uygur

Autonomous Region, Hunan Province

Language---the Altaic family

Origin--- Western region(西域 )

Main occupation---agriculture (growing cotton, breeding silkworms, and spinning and weaving)

Culture---folk tales, parables, comedies, poems and proverbs, dances(“Bowls-on-Head Dance”, “Drum Dance,etc.)

Religion---Islam

Festival---The Corban Festival(Zaishengjie) (page 180), the Kaizhai Festival and the Nuolu Festival

“Corban”--- “sacrifice” or “dedication” Origin---Ibrahim(the Prophet), Allah, Ismail Customs---bathe, pray, and watch the

ceremony for sacrificing animals, etc.

1.1.How many ethnic minority How many ethnic minority groups are there in China?groups are there in China?

2.2.How many ethnic minority How many ethnic minority groups in China do you know? groups in China do you know? Where do most of them live?Where do most of them live?