Ethiopia Girl Summit Young Lives presentation on Child Marriage
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Transcript of Ethiopia Girl Summit Young Lives presentation on Child Marriage
![Page 1: Ethiopia Girl Summit Young Lives presentation on Child Marriage](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032619/55be29f8bb61eb8e068b46cd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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CHILD MARRIAGE AND FGM/C IN ETHIOPIA Yisak Tafere Lead Qualitative Researcher Young Lives Ethiopia
National Girl Summit 2015Data and Evidence Addis Ababa, Ethiopia June 25th, 2015
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BACKGROUND• Young Lives, core funded by DFID and run by Oxford University, is
Childhood study over 15 years since 2001 in four countries: Ethiopia, India,
Peru and Vietnam
• In Ethiopia: 3000 children (2000 born in 2000/1 – younger cohorts; and
1000 born in 1994/95-older cohorts )
• Survey in 20 sites from Tigray, Amhara, Oromia, SNNPR, and Addis Ababa
• Qualitative in 5 five sites with 100 children (50 younger and 50 older
cohorts)
• 4 rounds of survey and qualitative studies carried out
• As the study follows the overall life experiences of children, Child Marriage
and FGM/C emerged as important issues
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DATA
• The 2013 survey round 4 show
– 13% of the Survey girls married
by 19 and 9% have first child
• The 2011 and 2014 qualitative sub
studies
– 5 of the 15 girls from the Qual
study have married and have
their first child; 2 confirmed
FGC before marriage
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MARRIAGE AND FERTILITY ACROSS THE 4 COUNTRIES
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ONE IN SIX YOUNG WOMEN MARRIED BY AGE OF 19
Add
is A
baba
Am
hara
Oro
mia
SN
NP
Tig
ray
Rur
al
Urb
an
Bot
tom
Ter
cile
Top
Ter
cile
Region Place of residence
Tercile of wealth index
3
2124
7
10
19
8
21
3
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FAMILY CIRCUMSTANCES MATTER: MARRIAGE AS ESCAPE?
3 out of the 5 married case study children had lost their father and the fifth the father was not supporting the household. • Beletech was a double orphan living with her aunt; she
was overworked as the only girl, and eloped at 17.• Fatuma’s was living with her mother at her mother’s
aunt but they did not get along; getting married meant she could leave; her mother said she got married: To escape poverty and other problems
• Ayu’s father was a drunkard and was in conflict with her mother and did not support the family. Ayu was overworked and marriage meant a change
• Sesen married a man whom she knew in paid work in crusher plant; family informed and agreed; provided dowry and housing –
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PARENTAL PRESSURE• Haymanot got married at 16 against her will since her
mother was ill and wanted to see her daughter married and
secure.
I asked my mother to stop negotiating with the elders. I begged
her to work and help her for some time up until she gets well. I
also asked her to delay the marriage as I was too young. But she
worried that she was getting very sick and she wanted to see my
marriage before something bad happened. Then, I said ok.
• At 17, she gave birth to first child, but soon divorced her
mother claimed the in-laws believed the marriage was
‘economically unmatched’ Currently, lives with poor mother
doing paid work.
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WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED • Early marriage results from a complex interplay between community,
household and individual factors
• differences in prevalence in part related to urban-rural, regional variation as well as cultural practices
• Early marriage is clearly partly linked to poverty, but in addition to wealth, family circumstances notably parental death and illness matter.
• Early marriage is option to poor educational progression and paid work to support families.
• Marriage can also be an escape route from family pressures and overwork.
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TRENDS OF CHANGE: MEDIAN OF FIRST MARRIAGE BY AGE 15 (CSA 2012)
8
16.3
22.7
28.6
31.1
37.139.4
18.917.4 16.6 16.4 15.8 15.6
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
15-19 20-24 24-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49
% married by fifteen median age at first marriage
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CHANGES AND RESISTANCE • FORCES FO FORCES
FOR FORCES OF CHANGES
RESISTANCE TO CHANGE
• Strong advocacy (constitution,
laws, ..)
• more in urban areas state, media, NGOs
• Strong condemnation
• officials, women’s association
leaders,
• teachers, health workers
• Clear awareness of caregivers, girls and
boys
• Teaching in schools, health risks, aware
of penalties.
• wage labour; girls choices
• Caregivers concern pre-marital sex detrimental consequences
– Pregnancy, Abortion, child out of wedlock, break with parents and loss of their support and resources
• concern about voluntary abductions (elopement) (Oromia)
• Concern about girls’ schooling notably going to urban areas
• Suggestions age threshold be brought down to 16 girls
– sexually active and risks for good marriage, abortion….
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PROMOTING CHANGE • Attitudinal Changes:
– Working with girls through schooling, clubs
– Changing attitudes of boys and men
– Working with parents and community leaders
• Addressing poverty:
– Options for girls who drop out of school.[most dropouts marry early]
– consider opportunities and constraints for adolescent girls in
education, employment and migration.
• Imposing legislation but may lead to clandestine practices with
increased health risks.
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