Ethics and the DNA Database
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Ethics and the DNA Database Presented by: Mick Carling, Police Science and Technology Unit Date: April 2014
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Ethics and the DNA Database. Presented by: Mick Carling, Police Science and Technology Unit Date: April 2014. Contents. Introduction Ethics and the State Effect of DNA Database on Public Safety Genealogical Ethics Mathematical Ethics Genetic Ethics Summary. Contents. Introduction - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Ethics and the DNA Database
Ethics and the DNA Database
Presented by: Mick Carling, Police Science and Technology UnitDate: April 2014
Contents
• Introduction• Ethics and the State• Effect of DNA Database on Public Safety• Genealogical Ethics• Mathematical Ethics• Genetic Ethics• Summary
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Contents
• Introduction• Ethics and the State• Effect of DNA Database on Public Safety• Genealogical Ethics• Mathematical Ethics• Genetic Ethics• Summary
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A Murder Study
• All people murdered in England and Wales in 2009-10 and 2011-12 (the date of the offence is key)
• Asked each force, for each murder – what did you do forensically?
• Was it of use to the senior detective in the case?
Results – DNA, FP and Footwear
DNA Fingerprints Footwear
Number of murders 420 403 402
Evidence collected 402 95.7% 293 72.7% 145 36.1%
Profiles/Prints/Marks produced
296 70.5% 225 55.8% 95 23.6%
Evidence contributed 229 54.5% 153 38.0% 52 12.9%
DNA Fingerprints
Profile / prints searched on national database
133 30.00% 131 31.60%
Database match 91 20.50% 89 21.50%
Match contributed in the opinion of the SIO
67 15.10% 56 13.50%
Results – Database Searches
DNA in Major Crime
Search onDNA Database
238 Homicides526 rapesin 2012-13
Cold CaseReviews
FamilialSearching
IpswichMurders
Damilola Taylor
RachelNickell
M3 Murder(First Use)
Sheffield Shoe Rapist
Contents
• Introduction• Ethics and the State• Effect of DNA Database on Public Safety• Genealogical Ethics• Mathematical Ethics• Genetic Ethics• Summary
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• What can you never catch with DNA?
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15 18; 6 9; 11 13; 22 22; 31 32.2; 14 17; 17 20; 11 12; 13 16.2; 15 16; M
Family Relations and Profiles
Mother 12 18; 5 6; 11 16; 16 22; 30 32.2; 12 14; 20 23; 12 17; 13 14; 15 15;
Child15 18; 6 9; 11 13; 22 22; 31 32.2; 14 17; 17 20; 11 12; 13 16.2; 15 16;
Father14 15; 8 9; 10 13; 22 17; 26 31; 12 17; 17 27; 11 15; 18 16.2; 16 19;
• Familial Searching
Paternity Tests
• Familial Searches
• Y-str– Latest Profiling Techniques– Inclusion on a database
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Contents
• Introduction• Ethics and the State• Effect of DNA Database on Public Safety• Genealogical Ethics• Mathematical Ethics• Genetic Ethics• Summary
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Random Match Probabilities
• Probability Distribution Curve. In UK it is said less than 1 in a billion chance of matching a person chosen at random.
• Peak of Curve• SGM+ Random Match Probability 1.2x10^-12
• Newer Techniques (Source STR Base)
• NGM Random Match Probability 1.85x10^-22• Powerplex Random Match Probability 6.58x10^-29
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One in a million RMP
DNA Guilty Innocent Total
Match 1 5 6
No Match 0 4 999 994 4 999 994
Total 1 4 999 999 5 000 000
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Royal Statistical Society Fundamentals of Probability and Statistical Evidence in Criminal Proceedings Aitken, Roberts and Jackson
Gets worse for higher probabilities
Contents
• Introduction• Ethics and the State• Effect of DNA Database on Public Safety• Genealogical Ethics• Mathematical Ethics• Genetic Ethics• Summary
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Genomes
• Retention of Genomes / DNA Samples• 1995• Medical Information• Protection of Freedoms Act – 7.7 million destroyed
by May 2013• Germany, Sweden and Belgium• Casework vs Databases
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Summary
• Ethics and the State• Effect of DNA Database on Public Safety• Genealogical Ethics• Mathematical Ethics• Genetic Ethics
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