etalons laser mirrors polarizers waveplates micro optics custom … · 2008-06-05 · laser mirrors...

etalons

laser mirrors

polarizers

waveplates

micro optics

custom coatings

femtosecond fiber lasers

1560 nm

780 nm

supercontinuum

servo controllers

Let Our Expertise in Precision Measurement Enhance Your ApplicationsAt Precision Photonics Corporation (PPC), mea-surement is fundamental to everything we do. As scientists-turned-engineers from neighboring NIST and JILA research institutions, we offer the latest precision optics and photonic instruments—all originating from our background in spectroscopy, precision metrology, and high-volume manufactur-ing. With our unique combination of impeccable research credentials and extraordinary precision high-volume manufacturing, we routinely deliver cost-effective products for both R&D and 24/7 industrial environments. From dielectric mirrors and custom composite laser structures to femtosecond fiber lasers and spectroscopic diagnostic tools, our products are used across a variety of industries, including telecommunications, semiconductor manufacturing, defense, aerospace, biomedical, and homeland security.

Precision Optics—QuickAt PPC, your success is our focus. Count on us to

deliver highly-toleranced parts in high volumes, on time,

at competitive prices, and with informative, responsive

customer support. Just some of our capabilities include

robust epoxy-free CADB™ optical bonding, high-energy

“non-shifting” ion-beam-sputtered coatings, rapid design

and prototyping, and nanometer-tolerances. For a dis-

cussion on our custom optics capabilities, see page 2.

Precision Instruments—the Best in Value and PerformanceWe take a new approach to being a laser-instrument

company. We combine our firm grounding in metrology

with our precision optics manufacturing to provide the

most advanced photonic and spectroscopic instruments

at the best value. With our strong research background,

we understand the importance of finely tuned instru-

ments and strive to provide solutions that you can

always rely on. Count on us to offer solutions that you

can’t buy or build with better value.

Instruments

Optics

Responsive Customer ServiceAt PPC, we strive to respond to you within 24 hours so call, e-mail or fill out our contact form at www.precisionphotonics.com/con-tact_form.asp. We’re here to help you. In addition, on our web site you’ll find application notes and other technical papers at www.precisionphotonics.com/technology_techpapers.asp.

Government Contracting Made SimpleAs both a government contractor and subcontractor, we have the infrastructure in place to make your proposal or contract a success. Because we already have in place transparent billing practices, federally negotiated indirect rates, and government-ap-proved accounting systems, it is straightforward to set us up as a pre-approved vendor. (We are a small business entity.) We under-stand tight deadlines so we offer fast turn arounds on NDAs and other legal documents, statement-of-work write ups, and rough-order-of-magnitude estimates.

So call us today to set us up as a pre-approved vendor.

See Us at a TradeshowWe’ll be exhibiting at industry tradeshows throughout the year. Please stop by and visit us. For the most up-to-date schedule, visit our web site at www.precisionphotonics.com/tradeshows.asp.

How to Contact UsPhone: 303 444 9948 Fax: 303 444 9951

Mail: 3180 Sterling Circle Boulder, CO 80301

E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]

Web: www.precisionphotonics.com

Information, specifications, and prices in this catalog are subject to change without notice.

Etalons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

Beamsplitters & Dichroic Mirrors . . . . . . . .10

Composite Laser Optics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9

Polarizers . . . . . . . . . .11–12

Volume Manufacturing . . .2

Coating Information . . . . .3

Waveplates . . . . . . . . . . .13

Micro-Optics . . . . . . . . . .14

Instruments Overview . . .16

Servo Controllers . . . . . . .25

780-nm Femtosecond Fiber Lasers . . . . . . . . . . .17

1560-nm Femtosecond Fiber Lasers . . . . . . . . . . .18

CONTROL Fiber Lasers . . . . . . . . . .20

Fiber-Laser Super- continuum Hybrid . . . . . .24

Quality Assured

As an ISO-9001 certified company, we adhere to strict quality controls so you can

be assured of our commitment to bringing you only the best products, high-quality volume

manufacturing, and superior on-time delivery.

ISO 9001

We bring the latest scientific advances to the manufac-ture of precision optics so that we can exceed your criti-cal custom specifications and expectations.

State-of-the-Art Metrology with ±1-nm Precision: the Key to Repeatable, Scalable Manufacturing from 10 to 10,000+ Pieces

Our background in building state-of-the-art precision measurement instrumentation has enabled us to push industry limits to the nanometer level—and at high vol-umes. With our proprietary advanced metrology systems and polishing techniques, we routinely manufacture and measure optical thicknesses to ±1 nanometer. In addition, our wafer-based fabrication processes produce optics with a wedge of less than 40 nm across a 3" diameter optic—a parallelism of < 0.1 arcseconds! These high-precision methods enable us to provide a large volume of high-quality ultra-precise parts at competitive pricing.

Full Optical Capabilities—From Polishing and Coating to System Integration

We move quickly and effectively because we uniquely offer full complementary in-house capabilities—from polishing to state-of-the-art metrology.

• Manufacturing methods that result in <100-nm TTV across 75-mm diameters

• State-of-the-art metrology that can measure optical thickness accuracies to ±1-nm

• Robust epoxy-free bonding—Chemically Activated Direct Bonding™—that is 100% optically transpar-ent with negligible scattering and absorptive losses at the interfaces

• Thin-film design and highly robust, durable, and dense, ion beam-sputtered, dielectric-thin-film-coat-ing capabilities

• Complete capabilities optics shop: shaping, polishing, and dicing with advanced precision

• Optical assembly & integration

Design & Rapid Prototyping—Transforming Ideas into Deliverables

We take pride in coming up with creative solutions quickly. Our engineers work with you to design your optic, and because almost all our optical manufacturing work (including tooling design and manufacture) is done in-house, we have the ability to respond quickly—often supplying prototype parts within a few days. We even provide optical design consulting to determine feasibility and functionality during the quoting process. Our goal is to respond to every request within 24 hours.

Precision Custom Engineering for Volume Manufacturing

Precision Photonics: the company you can count on whether you need 10 or 100,000 pieces.

Precision Photonics Services

If you need help with your project, we offer the following services:

• Manufacturing feasibility consultation

• Custom optics manufacturing

• Epoxy-free optical bonding

• Ion-beam-sputtered coatings

• Instrument design

• Precision testing and metrology

Shown here is our wavelength locker Con-trolFREQ™ (see pages 14–15) that combines our nanometer-precision etalon, epoxy-free micro-optics, and ion-beam-sputtered coating capabilities, packaged in a 14-pin butterfly package.

All of our catalog optics are RoHs Compliant.

Op

ticsO

ptics

Optical Substrate

Ion Source

SputteredMaterial

Target

At PPC, we use ion-beam sputtering (IBS) technology be-

cause IBS is a repeatable and controllable process that

results in dense, durable, high-damage-threshold thin

films. Since the materials are directly sputtered onto the

substrate, the process can be precisely controlled and

easily automated so that films can be deposited with

extremely high accuracy and repeatability.

Unlike conventional evaporative and ion-assisted

films that have porous microstructures, IBS films

have extremely densely packed structures that

make them impervious to water vapor, resulting in an

insensitivity to changes in heat and humidity, even in

a vacuum environment.

Why Choose PPC Coatings?

0.00 4.002.00

Measurement Point (mm)

PPC IBS Coating Absorption Data(R>99.99% at 1064 nm)

Ab

sorp

tion

(pp

m)

1.00 3.00 5.000.00

3.50

3.00

2.50

2.00

1.50

1.00

0.50

0 10050Fluence (J/cm2)

Dam

age

Freq

uenc

y (%

)

20

0

60

40

100

80

48 J/cm2

Actual LDT Data of 1064 nm Mirror

Coating Types

• High reflectors

• Anti-reflection (ARs)

• Beamsplitters

• Polarizers

• Partial reflectors

• Dichroic mirrors

• Non-polarizers

• Low dispersion

• Broadband dielectric

Advantages of Ion-Beam-Sputtered (IBS) Dielectric Thin Films

• Hard durable coating makes them easy to clean and chemically resistant

• Dense and non-porous structure is insensitive to moisture and other environmental factors

• Superior adhesion eliminates delamination

• Low scatter and absorption losses result in high-damage thresholds

• Long lifetime

• Repeatable, highly controlled process for precise layer control

Illustration of IBS coating process Visit our web site at

www.precisionphotonics.com for a PDF copy of this catalog and

copies of our technical papers on optics, optical coatings, femtosecond

lasers, servo controllers, and photonic instruments.

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tics

precisionphotonics.com 3

These Fabry-Perot etalons lead the industry with superior free-spectral-range tolerances to as tight as ±0.001 GHz and optical thickness ac-curacies of ±1 nanometer. They have been sup-plied to leading OEM customers and researchers worldwide in telecommunications, aerospace, laser research, and defense.

Standard 2x2 mm2 fused silica etalons are avail-able for the 1520–1630-nm wavelength range with 50- and 100-GHz nominal FSR values. Solid, air-gap, Gire-Tournois (GT), VIPA, and multi-cavity versions are also available in a va-riety of sizes down to 1x1 mm2 and a variety of materials. Multi-cavity versions are bonded using Chemically Activated Direct Bonding™

(CADB)—an epoxy-free, environmentally robust optical contact that has passed Telcordia quali-fications. (See page 11 for more information on CADB.)

We characterize each piece in-house to ensure accuracy in etalon construction and design. Proprietary advanced metrology can measure thicknesses to a precision of one nanometer. Our polishing methods produce optics with a wedge of <40 nm across a 3" diameter. (See Capabilities on page 2.) Typical lead times for custom etalons are 4 to 6 weeks.

• Etalons with ±1-nm optical thickness accura-cies: Nano-Precise

• Custom designs including VIPA, GT, air-gap and multi-cavity versions

• Custom FSR values and toler-ances down to ±0.001 GHz

Custom Nano-Precise Etalon Characteristics

Operating Wavelength1520–1630 nm (other wavelength ranges available)

Free Spectral Range (FSR)25 GHz50 GHz 100 GHz(other FSR values available)

Minimum FSR Tolerance±0.001 GHz

Single-Surface ReflectanceUp to 90%

FinesseUp to 20*

Angle of IncidenceUser specified

Substrate MaterialFused silica, optical-grade silicon, LaSFN9, MgF2, Zerodur®

Scratch/Dig<20/10

ChipoutFrom 20 μm

Minimum Size1×1 mm2

Operating TemperatureUser specified

Typical Lead Time4–6 weeks

When ordering, please specify wavelength range, free spectral range and tolerance, ITU grid alignment (if applicable), single-surface reflectivity (or finesse), angle of incidence, tuning range, substrate material, operating temperature, and size. Please see page 2 for a discussion of our capabilities.

* Higher finesses may be possible depending on final design configurations.

Standard Nano-Precise Solid Etalon Characteristics

Model # ET05043-CL ET10043-CL ET05071-CL

Operating Wavelength 1520–1630 nm 1520–1630 nm 1520–1630 nm

Free Spectral Range (FSR) 50 GHz 100 GHz 50 GHz

FSR Tolerance ±0.0025 GHz ±0.0100 GHz ±0.0025 GHz

Single-Surface Reflectance 43%±2% 43%±2% 71%±2%

Finesse 3–4 3–4 7–9

Angle of Incidence 0˚ 0˚ 0˚

Substrate Material Fused silica Fused silica Fused silica

Scratch/Dig <20/10 <20/10 <20/10

Maximum Chipout 150 μm 150 μm 150 μm

Size 2×2 mm2 2×2 mm2 2×2 mm2

Operating Temperature* 25 ˚C 25 ˚C 25 ˚C

Price** $100 $100 $150

* Note: etalons can withstand process temperatures of up to 300 ˚C for 2 hours. ** Quantity pricing also available.

Whereas most etalons have rounded transmission functions, our multi-cavity etalons are available with flat-top filter functions.

Nano-Precise™: 1-nm Toleranced Etalons

PPC also manufactures custom VIPA etalons. (See page 22 for more info.)

We deliver u l t r a p r e c i s e etalons by care-fully controlling the optical phase properties of our coatings, thus “fine-shimming” the etalons’ optical thicknesses.

4 precisionphotonics.com

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www.precisionphotonics.com

A Fabry-Perot etalon, often simply called an et-

alon, is the most basic interferometer and con-

sists of two flat parallel mirrors separated by a

distance L. In a solid etalon, which consists of a

single piece of transparent medium of index of

refraction n, and thickness L, the incident beam

undergoes multiple reflections between the two

surfaces of equal reflectivity R.

The transmitted and reflect-

ed signal is the result of

multiple-beam inter-

ference. The optical

phase acquired on

one round trip through

the etalon is given by

where is the wavelength of

the incident light. In a lossless

system, transmission is 100% when

, where m is an integer. Assuming a nor-

mal angle of incidence ( =0˚), the peaks are sep-

arated in frequency (remember that , where

c is the speed of light and is its frequency) by

the free spectral range (FSR) as expressed as

The actual transmitted intensity is expressed as

with .

This function F is known as the coefficient of fi-

nesse. The transmission T is shown in the figure

below and is known as the Airy function.

As can be seen from the figure, etalons act as

wavelength or frequency filters. An important

figure of merit is the finesse because it de-

fines how narrow the filtering function is. The fi-

nesse is the ratio of the free spectral

range to the full width at half

maximum (FWHM) of the

transmission peak and

is directly related to the

reflectivity of the sur-

face R by

The figure below graphs the

transmission through etalons

of various reflectivities. Devices with

higher reflectivity, thus higher finesse, have

narrower FWHM.

Note: the transmitted beam of a higher finesse de-vice is the result of interference between beams that travel many more times through the device. Thus, the physical limitation to the finesse is set by the overall beam overlap of the etalon as limited by the deviations of the surfaces from plane parallelism, coating losses, and beam characteristics (angle of incidence, divergence, beam diameter, etc).

Etalon Basics

The Airy functions or transmitted intensities of etal-

ons of various reflectivities as a function of frequency.

The higher the reflectivity, the higher the finesse, and

the narrower the FWHM.

190.02 190.04 190.06 190.08 190.1 190.12

Nor

mal

ized

Tra

nsm

issi

on

Optical Frequency (THz )

0.1

0.9

1

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0

R=25%

R=50%

R=90%

FSR

FWHM

Visit our web site at

www.precisionphotonics.com for a PDF copy of this catalog and

copies of technical papers on:. Etalon Design Basics. Epoxy-Free Optical Bonding

. High-Damage-Threshold Coating Technologies

L

n

Etalons for Wavelength Locking

Etalons are often used for stabi-lizing a laser’s frequency, or wave-length. In a typical “wavelength locker” that uses the side-fringe-lock-ing technique, a portion of the laser’s output is transmitted through an etalon so that the center wavelength is halfway down the side of a transmission peak. The technique takes advantage of the almost linear slope on either side of the transmis-sion peak where frequency variations will be linearly converted into amplitude variations. To eliminate spurious laser amplitude noise, a reference signal from the laser is removed from the transmitted etalon signal. The re-sulting clean signal can then be processed by a feedback control system to adjust the frequency of the laser. For an exam-ple of our wavelength-locker designs, see pages 14–15.

Etalons are also used as wave-length references, interleav-ers, and periodic optical filters.

Op

tics


PPC offers superior quality mirrors and coatings at a great value. We use only ion-beam-sputtered (IBS) coatings because IBS coatings are signifi-cantly more dense, durable, and rugged than conventional e-beam or ion-assisted evaporated coatings. Compared to other coatings, IBS coat-ings also offer lower scatter and absorption losses and fewer pin-hole defects in the coated surface. This superior film quality and uniformity results in environmentally stable optics with laser damage thresholds exceeding 40 J/cm2 at 1064 nm.

For broadband and low dispersion Ti:Sapphire mirrors, see pg 9.

High-Energy Laser-Line Mirrors

• R > 99.9% at 0° or 45° for both s & p

• Ideal for high-power Nd:YAG and fiber laser applications

• Custom reflectivities to 99.99%

• Fast turn-around on custom coatings

High-Energy Laser-Line Mirrors for 0° Incidence

Model # MI1000-FY MI1000-DY MI1000-TY MI1000-QY

TypeHigh-Energy Nd:YAG Mirrors

High-Energy Doubled Nd:YAG Mirrors

High-Energy Tripled Nd:YAG Mirrors

High-Energy Quadrupled Nd:YAG Mirrors

Wavelength Range 1064 nm 532 nm 355 nm 266 nm

Reflectivity 99.9% at 0° 99.9% at 0° 99.9% at 0° 99.5% at 0°

Clear Aperture 85% 85% 85% 85%

Surface Figure* /10 /10 /10 /10

Surface Quality 10/5 10/5 10/5 10/5

Damage Threshold40 J/cm2 @ 1064 nm20 ns, 20 Hz

8 J/cm2 @ 532 nm10 ns, 20 Hz

3 J/cm2 @ 355 nm10 ns, 20 Hz

2 J/cm2 @ 266 nm7 ns, 20 Hz

Durability MIL-PRF-13830B MIL-PRF-13830B MIL-PRF-13830B MIL-PRF-13830B

Diameter 1" +0/–0.010" 1" +0/–0.010" 1" +0/–0.010" 1" +0/–0.010"

Thickness 3/8" ±0.010" 3/8" ±0.010" 3/8" ±0.010" 3/8" ±0.010"

Substrate Material BK7 or Fused silica BK7 or Fused silica Fused silica Fused silica

Price** $125 $125 $175 $185

* p-v at 633 nm, after coating with Power subtracted.** For international prices, add 10%.

Need a Custom Mirror—Quickly?

We offer full coating design capabilities, rapid prototyping and fast turn of your design—even

in as short as 48 hours.

precisionphotonics.com

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6

High-Energy Laser-Line Mirrors 45° Incidence

Model # MI1045-FY MI1045-DY MI1045-TY MI1045-QY

TypeHigh-Energy Nd:YAG Mirrors

High-Energy Doubled Nd:YAG Mirrors

High-Energy Tripled Nd:YAG Mirrors

High-Energy Quadrupled Nd:YAG Mirrors


Reflectivity99.9% at 45° (both s & p)

99.9% at 45° (both s & p)

99.5% at 45° (both s & p)

99.0% at 45° (both s & p)

Clear Aperture 85% 85% 85% 85%

Surface Figure* /10 /10 /10 /10


Damage Threshold40 J/cm2 @ 1064 nm20 ns, 20 Hz

8 J/cm2 @ 532 nm10 ns, 20 Hz

3 J/cm2 @ 355 nm10 ns, 20 Hz

2 J/cm2 @ 266 nm7 ns, 20 Hz

Durability MIL-PRF-13830B MIL-PRF-13830B MIL-PRF-13830B MIL-PRF-13830B

Diameter 1" +0/–0.010" 1" +0/–0.010" 1" +0/–0.010" 1" +0/–0.010"

Thickness 3/8" ±0.010" 3/8" ±0.010" 3/8" ±0.010" 3/8" ±0.010"

Substrate Material BK7 or Fused silica BK7 or Fused silica Fused silica Fused silica

Price** $125 $125 $175 $185


900 950Wavelength (nm)

1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 13001250

1064 nm Mirror 45° AOI

s-pol

p-pol

% R

95.0

95.5

96.0

96.5

97.0

97.5

98.0

98.5

99.0

99.5

100.0


% R

470 510 530 550 570 590 610 630 650


95.0

95.5

96.0

96.5

97.0

97.5

98.0

98.5

99.0

99.5

100.0

s-pol

p-pol

240Wavelength (nm)

% R

285280275270265260255250245 290

98.2

98.0

98.4

98.6

98.8

99.0

99.2

99.4

99.6

99.8


s-pol

p-pol

Wavelength (nm)

% R

95.0

95.5

96.0

96.5

97.0

97.5

98.0

98.5

99.0

99.5

100.0

300 320 340 360 380 400 420


s-pol

p-pol

Advantages of Ion-Beam-Sputtered (IBS) Dielectric Thin Films

• Hard durable coating makes them easy to clean and chemi-cally resistant

• Dense and non-porous structure is insensitive to moisture and other environmental factors

• Superior adhesion eliminates delamination

• Low scatter and absorption losses result in high-damage thresholds

• Long lifetime

• Repeatable, highly con-trolled process for precise layer control

Call us or go online at

www. precisionphotonics.com for actual LDT test data!


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7

Why Dielectric Instead of Metal?

Metal mirrors have long been the standard for general-purpose broadband high reflec-tors, but they have sev-eral significant limita-tions which make them a poor match for many of today’s laser appli-cations. Although inex-pensive upfront, draw-backs of metal mirrors include susceptibility to both laser damage and mechanical abrasions, tarnishing or surface degradation, and poor adhesion. Over the life-time of an optic or opti-cal system, increased reflectivity and dura-bility could result in improved performance and cost savings.

PPC’s broadband di-electric coating covers a broad wavelength range (350–1100 nm) with > 99% reflectiv-ity, independent of both angle and polariza-tion. Our high-energy ion-beam-sputtering (IBS) process results in durable, dense di-electric films that have superior reflective and mechanical properties in addition to being easy to clean, scratch resistant and insensi-tive to environmental changes. With high damage thresholds and low scatter and absorp-tion coefficients, they are ideal for frequency doubled and tripled Nd:YAG lasers, fiber lasers and broadband or tun-able laser applications.

These super broadband mirrors (SBB) are ideal for beam-steering applications using both the funda-mental laser wavelength and one or more har-monics within the same beam path. Because it is an all-dielectric design, they can handle the high laser powers of both CW and pulsed systems, without limiting the useful angle of incidence or sensitivity to varying states of polarization.

Custom mirrors are available on other flat and curved substrates. Also, contact us for details on stress-compensated mirrors for

/10 surface flatness after-coating.

High-Energy Broadband Mirrors

• Broadband laser mirror for UV-NIR

• Ideal for high-power Nd:YAG and fiber laser systems

• All-dielectric IBS coating design

• Can be used at any incidence angle 0-50°

High-Energy Broadband Mirrors

Model # MI1050-SBB

Type Super Broadband Dielectric Mirrors

Wavelength Range 350–1100 nm

Reflectivity99% from 0–50° (both s & p)

Clear Aperture 85%

Surface Figure* /10

Surface Quality 20/10

Damage Threshold>5 J/cm2 @ 1064 nm>1 J/cm2 @ 355 nm20 ns, 20 Hz

Durability MIL-PRF-13830B

Diameter 1" +0/–0.010"

Thickness 3/8" ±0.010"

Substrate Material Fused silica

Price** $250


600 800 1000 1200 1400Wavelength (nm)

% R

10

0

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

090

100SBB Mirror 350 nm – 1100 nm

Normal Incidence

45° AOI Random Polarization

350

8

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tics


350Wavelength (nm)

% T

450 550 650 700 750 800 850 900 950600500400 1000

10

0

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100Multiphoton Microscopy Mirror (MPM)

s-pol

p-pol

Wavelength (nm)

Gro

up D

elay

Dis

per

sion

(fs2 )

GDD of TiD Mirror 45° AOI

700 750 800 850 900 950 1000–100

–80

–60

–40

–20

0

20

40

60

80

100

s-pol

p-pol

650Wavelength (nm)

% R

700 800750 850 900 950 1000 1050

95.5

95.0

96.0

96.5

97.0

97.5

98.0

98.5

99.0

99.5

100.0TiD Mirror 45° AOI

s-pol

p-pol

Broadband Dispersion-Free Mirrors

For ultrafast Ti:Sapphire and fiber lasers, PPC has produced a line of dispersion-free mirrors and dichroic beamsplitters that offer both broadband reflec-tivity and high laser-dam-age thresholds. The MPM mirror has been specially designed for multi-pho-ton applications requir-ing high reflectivity, broad bandwidth, low dispersion and high transmission in the visible spectrum. All our laser mirrors are ion beam

sputtered; thus the coatings are dense, easy to clean and

insensitive to moisture.

Call for more information on IBS coatings and AR’s to < 0.1%.

• Ideal for high- energy Ti:Sapphire and microscopy applications

• Dispersion-free mirrors and beamsplitters

• Custom beamsplit-ters and dichroic mirrors available (see pg 10)

High-Energy Dispersion-Free Laser Mirrors

Model # MI1000-TiD MI1045-TiD MI1045-MPM

TypeDispersion-Free Ti:Sapphire Mirrors at 0˚

Dispersion-Free Ti:Sapphire Mirrors at 45˚

Multiphoton Microscopy Dichroic Mirrors, 45°

Wavelength Range 750–940 nm 740–980 nm 730–870 nm

Reflectivity99.8% at 0° —

99.8% at 45°(s only)

99.8% at 45° (s only)

Avg. Transmission — — >90% (400–650 nm)

Clear Aperture 85% 85% 85%

Wavefront /10 flatness* /10 flatness* /10 TWD

Surface Quality 20/10 20/10 20/10

Durability MIL-PRF-13830B MIL-PRF-13830B MIL-PRF-13830B

Dimensions1" diameter+0/–0.010"

1" diameter+0/–0.010"

36.0×25.4 mm+0/– 0.127 mm

Thickness 3/8" ±0.010" 3/8" ±0.010" 1.0 ±0.1 mm

Substrate Material BK7 or fused silica BK7 or fused silica Fused silica

Price** $300 $300 $485


Muntjac skin fibroblast cells with actin filaments labeled by Alexa 488. Excitation at 1035 nm. Emis-sion detected at 520 nm using custom PPC mirrors. Cour-tesy of the University of Chicago Gordon Cen-ter for Integrative Science.

9precisionphotonics.com

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Custom Optics—Precisely Fast

We strive to deliver ultraprecise optics as specified and on time. We take pride in com-ing up with creative solutions quickly—of-ten supplying proto-type parts within a few days. We provide opti-cal design consulting to determine feasibility and functionality dur-ing the quoting pro-cess, and every request will receive a response within 48 hours. Our highly trained techni-cal sales team will work with you from design through final production, keeping you informed every step of the way. And, our production team will deliver the right number of parts when you need them at pric-es that you can afford.


% T

800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 120

10

0

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Typical Dichroic Characteristics

TypeLong-wave pass, short-wave pass or custom

Operating WavelengthUV, Visible & NIR (250–2200 nm)

Angle of Incidence0°, 45° or custom

Reflectivity>99.9%

Transmission>98%

On/Off Tolerance5%

AR on Side 2<0.1% at single wavelength

Scratch/Dig<20/10

Typical SizeFrom 1 mm to 150 mm

HR Coating

TFPCoating

Fused Silica

Unpolarized Light

30°

s p

30°

30°

Typical Cube Beamsplitter Characteristics

Operating WavelengthUV, Visible & NIR (250–2200 nm)

Dimensional Tolerance±0.125 mm

Angular Tolerance<2 minutes (standard)

AR Coating<0.20% on entrance and exit faces

Wavefront Distortion< /10 transmitted, < /3 reflected

Available MaterialsFused silica, BK7, SF11 and other optical glasses

Typical SizeFrom less than 1 mm to 25 mm

Example B: custom polarizing beamsplitter

Among the many diverse custom optical components that PPC offers are diode-pumped Nd:YAG reso-nator mirrors, 50/50 non-polarizing beamsplit-ters and thin-film plate polarizing beamsplitters. For all the optical components we provide, we use only ion-beam-sputtered (IBS) coatings because IBS coatings are significantly more dense, durable, and rugged than conventional coatings. The IBS coating process is both ac-curate and repeatable, resulting in precision coatings that are easy to clean, chemically resistant and insensitive to moisture and other environmental factors.

For dispersion-free multi-photon microscopy mir-rors, see page 9.

For polarizing beamsplitters, see pages 11–12.

Custom Beamsplitters and Dichroics

• Durable IBS coat-ings for precision specs and stability

• Dichroic mirrors with R > 99% at 1 and T > 98% at 2

• Anti-reflection coating with R < 0.1%

Call us for more

information on custom high-energy narrowband and

broadband beamsplitter cubes for wavelengths from 250 nm to 2200 nm

Example A: custom dichroic mirror

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Epoxy-Free Bonding—No Glue Here!

By removing the “black art” from the optical bonding process, we are able to offer our proprietary and highly repeatable and reliable, epoxy-free, bonding process—Chemically Activated Direct Bond-ing™ (CADB). CADB optical bonding tech-nology results in ep-oxy-free optical paths that are 100% optically transparent with neg-ligible scattering and absorptive losses at the interfaces. CADB bond strengths often equal the strength of the bulk materials being bonded. Com-ponents using CADB have been Telcordia qualified in tunable laser packages. Excep-tionally durable, reli-able and resistant to temperature and hu-midity, CADB can be used directly on Preci-sion Photonics highly robust ion-beam-sput-tered (IBS) dielectric thin films.

With CADB, we can bond a variety of materials including fused silica, Zerodur, YAG, YVO4, sap-phire, MgF2, and other high-index glasses.

Contact us for other material combinations.

Polarizing Beamsplitter-Cube Characteristics

Model # PBS1005-NIR PBS1005-FY PBS1005-DY PBS1005-TY

Type Broadband Laser Line Laser Line Laser Line

Wavelength 700–1100 nm 1064 nm 532 nm 355 nm

Reflection Efficiency, Rs >99.9% >99.9% >99.85% >99.8%

Avg. Transmission, Tp >95% >95% >95% >95%

Extinction Ration, Tp/Ts 1,000:1 1,000:1 750:1 500:1

AR Coating <0.75% per surface <0.20% per surface <0.20% per surface <0.20% per surface

Surface Flatness /10 /10 /10 /10

Wavefront Distortion/4 transmitted, /3 reflected

/10 transmitted, /3 reflected



Scratch-Dig 20–10 20–10 20–10 20–10

Transmitted Beam Deviation <0.9 mrad <0.9 mrad <0.9 mrad <0.9 mrad

Damage Threshold 4 J/cm2 @ 1064 nm >10 J/cm2 @ 1064 nm >4 J/cm2 @ 532 nm >2 J/cm2 @ 355 nm

Size 0.5"×0.5"×0.5" 0.5"×0.5"×0.5" 0.5"×0.5"×0.5" 0.5"×0.5"×0.5"

Material SF11 Fused silica Fused silica Fused silica

Price* $975 $750 $750 $800

* For international prices, add 10%.

PPC beamsplitter cubes are derived from a unique combination of IBS coatings, ultraprecise fabri-cation capabilities and our robust, epoxy-free bonding technology—Chemically Activated Direct Bonding™ (CADB) which results in a zero-bondline thickness. In addition to the standard sizes and wavelengths shown, we can produce high-energy cube beamsplitters from 1×1 mm2 in size, and in a wide variety of materials including fused silica, BK7, YAG, and other optical glasses and crystals.

Whether you need 10 or 10,000 pieces, our precision wafer-based processes result in high

yields and competitive costs, especially at high-er volumes. These high-precision assemblies

have been widely used in telecommunications, semi-conductor and biomedical applications where

transmission efficiency, extinction ratio and wavefront quality are all critical specifications.

See page 14 for more information on custom prisms, micro-optics and micro-assemblies.

See pages 12–13 for other polarization components such as Brew-ster plates and custom zero-order and multiple-order waveplates.

• Optical bonding for epoxy-free optical paths

• High-energy laser-line and broadband designs

• Convenient 90° beam separation

• Custom cubes for multiple wavelengths or wavelength regions available

High-Energy Beamsplitter Cubes

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These thin-film plate polarizers utilize our advanced ion-beam-sputtered (IBS) coating technology to achieve superior high-power performance and guaranteed transmission at a specific angle of incidence, with no angle tuning required. By combin-ing durable dielectric coatings with fused silica substrates, we produce robust optical components that are stable, easy to align and exhibit high laser-damage thresholds in both reflec-tion and transmission.

High-energy plate polarizers separate s and p polarizations with an extinction ratio (Tp/Ts) of up to 1000:1 in the transmitted beam. Thus, they are ideal for intracavity or extracavity high-power appli-cations where fluences are greater than 500 mJ/cm2 and calcite or cemented cube polarizers cannot be used.

Call for information on other wavelengths, custom substrate sizes or an-gles of incidence.

• Wide acceptance angle and no angle tuning required

• 45° design sepa-rates transmit-ted and reflected beams by 90°; optional side 2 coating for R < 0.1%

• Brewster-angle design separates s and p polariza-tions with >1000:1 extinction ratio

Thin-Film Plate Polarizer Characteristics

Model # PO1045-FY PO1056-FY PO1056-DY PO1056-TY

Type 45° Polarizer Brewster Polarizer Brewster Polarizer Brewster Polarizer


Acceptance Angle 45° ±1° 56° ±2° 56° ±2° 56° ±2°

p Transmission >96% >97% >95% >95%

s Transmission <0.1% <0.1% <0.2% <0.2%

Extinction Ration Tp/Ts 750:1 1000:1 500:1 200:1


Transmitted Wavefront Distortion

/10 /10 /10 /10

Clear Aperture >90% >90% >90% >90%

Parallelism <30 arcsec <30 arcsec <30 arcsec <30 arcsec

Damage Threshold10 J/cm2

20 ns, 20 Hz10 J/cm2

20 ns, 20 Hz4 J/cm2

10 ns, 20 Hz2 J/cm2

10 ns, 20 Hz

Substrate Material Fused silica Fused silica Fused silica Fused silica

Size† 1.00"×0.25" 1.00"×0.25" 1.00"×0.25" 1.00"×0.25"

Price* $700 $350 $500 $900† Contact us for other sizes.* For international prices, add 10%.

IBS polarizers achieve high extinc-tion ratios for high-power applica-tions because they are actually mi-croscopic versions of “pile-of-plates” polarizers. Each thin-film layer is ar-ranged to transmit p-polarized light only. The s-polarized light sees a multi-layer reflector.

Thin-Film Plate Polarizers(no angle tuning required)

S pol

P pol

90°

PO1045 Right-Angle Polarizer

S pol

P pol

112°

PO1056 Brewster-Angle Polarizer


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Zero- and Multiple-Order Waveplates

PPC uses laser-grade crystal quartz to produce multiple-order, true zero-order and compound zero-order waveplates with re-tardations of quarter-wave, half-wave or anything in-between. Multiple-order retarders are ideal for narrow- or single-wave-length applications at a specific operating temperature. For in-creased bandwidth and thermal stability, zero-order waveplates are recommended.

For compound zero-order waveplates and multi-element wave-plate assemblies, we use durable IBS coatings and our propri-

etary epoxy-free bonding technology—Chemically Activated Direct Bonding™ (CADB). This unique combination of processes results in

precise, high-energy components that exhibit environmental stability and improved transmitted wavefront characteristics.

• Epoxy-free waveplates and assemblies

• Square or round sizes from 1 mm to 50 mm

• Half-wave, quarter-wave and custom retardations available

• Anti-reflection coatings of R < 0.1%

Typical Waveplate Characteristics

TypesMultiple order, true zero order, compound zero order

Operating WavelengthUV, Visible, NIR (250–2200 nm)

Retardation ToleranceAs low as /500

Transmitted Wavefront/10 p-v 633 nm

AR Coating<0.1% per surface

Scratch/Dig<10/5

Available MaterialsCrystal quartz

ShapesRound, square, rectangular


Waveplates are available as stand-alone components, or as part of a more complex optical assem-bly. PPC manufactures custom multi-element polarization as-semblies with and without epoxy in sizes from 1 mm to 1" for R&D, biomedi-cal and aerospace applications.


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Custom Prism & Micro-Optics Characteristics Operating Wavelength

UV, Visible, NIR, & telecom bands available (250–2200 nm)

Dimensional Tolerance± 25 μm Custom tolerances also available.

Angle Tolerance±1 minute standard Custom angle tolerances also available to <5 arcsec.

Typical Insertion Loss<0.5% (two facet device)

Scratch/Dig<10/5

Chipout<0.15 mm (typical)

Available MaterialsFused silica, BK7, Zerodur®, LaSFN9, optical-grade silicon, MgF2, ULE, YAG, and other optical glasses and crystals


PPC provides high-quality custom optics and optical assemblies which utilize our IBS coatings, ultraprecise fabrication capabilities and epoxy-free, bonding technology—Chemically Activated Direct Bonding™ (CADB). They are available in a wide variety of materials including fused silica, BK7, Zerodur®, LaSFN9, YAG, ULE, and other optical glasses and crystals, and can operate over wavelength ranges from 250–2200 nm.

These assemblies are ideal for increasing the sensitivity in beam-delivery micro-systems, fiber-optic, and endoscopic systems used in fluorescence spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, optical-coherence tomography (OCT), multiphoton micros-copy (MPM) and confocal microscopy. Because of their miniature size, they can be placed right at the objective lens or at the tip of optical fibers and light pipes.

Custom Micro-Optics and Assemblies

• Robust and rugged optical bonding for epoxy-free optical paths

• High precision assemblies from 1 mm in size for biophotonic fiber and endoscopic applications

• Custom prisms with angle tolerances to <30 arcsec

Call us for

more information or to discuss your requirements

for custom prisms and micro-optics

Dual-PortBeamsplitter

AdvancedIon-Beam-

Sputtered Coatings

Adhesive-Free Bonding—

Optical Contacting of Beamsplitter & Etalon

Customization to OEM Packaging

Custom Optical Assemblies—From 10 to 100,000+ Pieces

One of our most successful products, the ControlFREQTM, is a Telcordia-qualified

wavelength locker for network-de-ployable tunable lasers. It consists

of a high-precision etalon opti-cally CADB™ bonded to a dual

non-polarizing beamsplit-ter. We designed the

micro-optic to


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Typical Characteristics (to be used as design guidelines only)Operating Characteristics

High-damage-threshold interfaces & coatings

Precise Gain Medium Dimension*Thickness Uniformity: ±0.3 μmAbsolute Thickness Control: ±0.5 μm

MaterialsGain Medium: Laser crystalline and ceramic materials (YAG, phosphate glass, etc.)Cladding: Crystalline, glass, and ce-ramic materials (YAG, sapphire, etc.)

Custom Thin-Film CoatingsAnti-reflection, partial reflection, high reflection

Bond AreasUp to 60×200 mm2

Angular TolerancesEnd-Face Relative Positioning: 30 arcsec Custom angle tolerances also available.

* All parts come with individual device measurement reports.

These high-performance bonded structures for solid-state laser ampli-fiers and oscillators use our proprietary CADB™ process to achieve epoxy-

free, robust and reliable composite crystal, glass and ceramic structures. Ideal for high-power solid-state laser applications for LIDAR, defense and aerospace

materials processing, and medical industries, these devices can be fabricated in a variety of geometries (rod end caps, slabs and disks) and form factors from 1 mm to greater than 100 mm. The CADB process is extremely strong, resulting in as-semblies with very high damage thresholds and negligible scatter and absorptive losses at the interfaces.

For more information on optical contracting and the CADB bonding process, go online to www.precisionphotonics.com and click on Technical Papers.

High-Power Composite Laser Optics

• Variety of shapes and sizes available from rod end-caps to composite slab structures

• Epoxy-free optical paths with zero bondline thickness

• Wide range of materials: YAG, doped YAG, ceramic YAG, sapphire, doped phosphate glasses, YVO4

Custom coatings

available on our CADB bonded parts

Our CADB bonding results in zero bond-line thicknesses and TWD < /10.

High-Precision Etalon with

nm-Level Tolerances

Electronic Design & Integration

Highly Robust Telcordia-Qualified

Assembly

integrate into a very compact substrate/heat shielding assembly that includes a photodetector and thermistor. The en-tire assembly fits into a 14-pin but-terfly package. Each must undergo extensive environmental (tempera-ture and humidity), shock and vibration testing. We continue to supply the ControlFREQ today in OEM configura-tions for a variety of customers.


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Precision Instruments—the Best in Value and Performance

We Do OEM!

Do you need a different wavelength? A different repetition rate? Or a smaller module?

In addition to our standard lasers shown here, we work with our OEM customers providing them with different wavelengths, repetition rates, footprints, and electrical controls. And, as an ISO-9001:2000 certified company since 2005, you are assured that we adhere to strict quality and process controls so you get in-struments that you can truly rely on. Our commitment is to offer you high-quality scalable manufacturing resulting in cost-effective high-per-formance products.

At PPC, we take a new approach to being a laser-instrument company. We combine our firm ground-ing in metrology with our precision optics manufacturing to provide the most advanced photonic and spectroscopic instruments at the best value. Because we come from a strong laser research back-ground ourselves, we understand the importance of finely tuned instruments and strive to provide solutions that you can always rely on.

Femtosecond Fiber Lasers—Modelocked Straight Out of the Box

Our ultrafast fiber laser systems are based on telecom components so they are truly stable, provid-ing femtosecond pulses straight out of the box. Their all-fiber design results in compact economical systems that don’t require high voltages or water cooling. And, there are no optics to align. Our fiber lasers turn on modelocked and stay modelocked!

Click Here to Lock Your Laser

Precision servo control for laser locking made easy. Whether you need to stabilize your laser’s wavelength, repetition rate or intensity, the LB1005 servo controllers offer a reliable and conve-nient solution.

Exceptional Value—Tools You Can Trust

We strive to provide you with instruments that you can’t buy or build with better value. And, with reliability, flexibility and ease-of-use that home-grown instruments can’t offer.


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Applications

• Biomedical• Materials processing

• Seeding of regenerative amplifiers

• Nonlinear optics• Optical comb generation• Quantum communications • Terahertz spectroscopy

and imaging

See page 9 for 780-nm

mirrors.

These robust turn-key femtosecond fiber lasers offer exceptional performance for a variety of applications from nonlinear optics to terahertz spectroscopy and imaging, and materials process-ing. Based upon our successful 1560-nm lasers, these sources use our unique all-fiber-integrated solution composed of robust telecommunications components and state-of-the-art dispersion management scheme combined with cutting-edge nonlinear second-harmonic generation to achieve nearly transform-limited pulses and stable turn-key performance.

See pages 18–19 for 1560-nm lasers, and pages 20–21 for “-CONTROL” lasers with the ability to stabilize the laser cavity’s temperature, repetition rate, and carrier envelope offset frequency.

Autocorrelation trace of a 76-fs (FWHM) pulse with an output average power of 15 mW. The corresponding spectrum had a width of >6 nm.

-400 -200 0 200 400

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

A.C. FWHM=118 fs=76 fs

Delay (fs)

Aut

ocor

rela

tion

Inte

nsity

Autocorrelation Trace

Femtosecond Fiber Lasers at 780 nm

Femtosecond Fiber Lasers at 780 nmModel # FFL780-LP

Nominal Center Wavelength

785 nm

Typical Repetition Rate

35 MHz

Pulse Width <150 fs

Spectral Width >6 nm

Output Power >15 mW

Peak Power >2.5 kW

Output Type Free Space

Dimensions333×188×53 mm3

with FLC1006 controller

Base Price* Contact Us


• Ultrashort <150-fs pulse durations

• >15-mW output power

• Higher powers coming soon

See laser configurations on page 19 for more information.


Instru

men

ts

Mod

eloc

ked

Stra

ight

Out

of t

he B

ox 19" Rack Models FFL1560-LP and FFL1560-MP

Applications• Seed oscil-

lators for high-power amplifiers

• Nonlinear optics• Optical-parametric-

oscillator (OPO) pumping• Supercontinuum generation• Quantum communications• Optical sampling

These robust turn-key femtosecond fiber lasers offer exceptional performance for a variety of applications from nonlinear optics to quantum communications. They offer the best in performance for the price: the shortest pulse durations (<100 fs), and the highest output powers. A unique all-fiber-integrated solution composed of robust telecommunication components and a state-of-the-art dispersion management scheme enables nearly transform-limited pulses and stable turn-key performance.

See page 17 for 780-nm lasers, pages 20–21 for “-CONTROL” lasers for synchronization to external clocks, and page 24 for super-continuum-hybrid sources.

• Superior value with >40 mW and <100 fs

• Low-cost version with >1 mW and <250 fs

• Contact us for high-er repetition rates or OEM modules


Optical spectrum with >17 nm (160 fs, 1 mW).Autocorrelation trace of a 160-fs (FWHM) pulse with an output average power of 1 mW.

Time (fs)

Inte

nsity

(a.u

.)

0.0

0.5

1.0

–800 –400 4000 800

Pulse Width ~ 160 fs

Wavelength (nm)

Pow

er (a

.u.)

0.0

0.5

1.0

peak ~ 1560 nmFWHM ~ 17 nm

1520 1540 1560 1580 1600

FFL1560-LP


Instru

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A Word on Our Laser Configurations

19" Rack Instrument

Our lower-power versions (Models FFL1560-LP and FFL1560-MP) come in 19" 2U rack instrument boxes with fiber-coupled outputs. These lower-power versions offer superior pulse quality and ultraclean spectra.

Laser Head Module & FLC1006 Controller

Our higher-power versions (Model FFL1560-HP), 780-nm version (Model FFL780-LP) and CONTROLs versions come in 333×188×53 mm3 modules with separate laser controllers, Model FLC1006. They have free-space outputs (except for the Models FFL1560-CON-TROL-LP and FFL1560-CONTROL-MP).

For polarized outputs, choose the –PM option.


Model # FFL1560-LP FFL1560-MP FFL1560-HP FFL1560-VHP


1560 nm 1560 nm 1580 nm 1560 nm

Typ. Rep. Rate 35 MHz 35 MHz 35 MHz 35 MHz

Pulse Width <250 fs <100 fs <100 fs <500 fs

Spectral Width >10 nm >24 nm >24 nm >8 nm

Output Power >1 mW >40 mW >100 mW >500 mW

Peak Power >100 W >10 kW >25 kW >25 kW

Output Type Fiber Coupled Fiber Coupled Free Space Free Space

Dimensions19" (2U)rack mount

19" (2U)rack mount

333×188×53 mm3

with FLC1006 controller333×376×53 mm3


Base Price* $14,800 $26,000 Contact Us Contact Us

Options† -PM $4,000 -PM $4,000 -PM $4,000 -PM $4,000† -PM option lowers the available output power. * For international prices, add 10%.

FFL1560-MP

We Do OEM!

Do you need a different wavelength? A different repetition rate? Or a smaller module?

In addition to our standard lasers shown here, we work with our OEM customers providing them with dif-ferent wavelengths, repetition rates, footprints, and electrical controls. And, as an ISO-9001:2000 certified company since 2005, you are assured that we adhere to strict quality and process controls so you get instru-ments that you can truly rely on. Our commitment is to offer you high-quality scalable manufac-turing resulting in cost-ef-fective high-performance products.

Information about the FLC1006 laser control-ler is on page 21.

Autocorrelation trace of a 70-fs (FWHM) pulse with an output average power of 40 mW.

–600 –400 –200 0 200 400 6000.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Pulsewidth~70 fs

Time (fs)

Inte

nsity

(a.u

.)

Optical spectrum with >45 nm (70 fs, 40 mW).

1480 1520 1560 1600 1640

-30

-20

-10

0.0peak ~1560 nm

FWHM~45 nm

Wavelength (nm)

Nor

mal

ized

Pow

er (d

B)

19

Instru

men

ts


Femtosecond Fiber Lasers For Phase Stabilization

• Superior value: >40 mW and <100 fs

• Low-cost version: >1 mW and <250 fs

• Temperature- stabilized cavity with PZT-actuator and pump-current input controls

• Higher repetition rate 90-MHz ver-sions available

Based on our robust turn-key ultrafast fiber la-sers, the FFL1560-CONTROL laser systems pro-vide clean <100-fs pulse durations along with the ability to stabilize the laser cavities’ temperature, repetition rate (fREP) and carrier envelope offset (fCEO) frequencies—all at unprecedented prices. By providing the user with cavity temperature control, cavity length control through a piezo-electric transducer (PZT) actuator, and pump-la-

ser current modulation, the FFL1560-CONTROL systems are ideal for applications requiring precision phase stabilization including optical frequency metrology, atomic-molecular-optical (AMO) physics, quantum communications, and nonlinear optics.

The laser cavity design is based upon Precision Photonics unique experience in the field of AMO physics, and is a direct result of the technology developed under NIST’s Advanced Technology Pro-gram (ATP) project to develop ultrahigh-stability fiber-laser-based frequency-comb technology. The temperature-stabilized cavity uses a unique all-fiber-integrated solution composed of robust telecom-munication components and a state-of-the-art dispersion management scheme that enables nearly transform-limited pulses and stable turn-key performance.

For first-order frequency control of fREP, a simple feedback system can be implemented using the temperature input control on the laser controller. (See pages 22–23 for applications of the -CONTROL lasers.) For precision phase lock of fREP to a supplied reference, a higher-bandwidth feedback system is necessary using the PZT input control. To control fCEO, the controller has a current input for modulat-ing the injection current to the pump laser diode.

Applications• Optical comb

generation• Optical frequency

synthesizers• Optical frequency

metrology• Quantum communications • Optical clock distribution• Coherent anti-Stokes Raman

scattering (CARS)• Nonlinear optics• Synchronized sources for

particle accelerators

Optical spectrum with >45 nm (70 fs, 40 mW).

1480 1520 1560 1600 1640

-30

-20

-10

0.0peak ~1560 nm

FWHM~45 nm

Wavelength (nm)

Nor

mal

ized

Pow

er (d

B)

Optical SpectrumFFL1560-CONTROL-MP


–600 –400 –200 0 200 400 6000.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Pulsewidth~70 fs

Time (fs)

Inte

nsity

(a.u

.)

Autocorrelation TraceFFL1560-CONTROL-MP

For other autocorrelation traces and optical spectra, see pages 17–19. For the -HP version, please contact us.

Easy set up with the LB1005 servo controller (page 25).

20

Instru

men

ts


Femtosecond Fiber Lasers for Phase Stabilization

Model # FFL780-CONTROL FFL1560-CONTROL-LP FFL1560-CONTROL-MP FFL1560-CONTROL-HP


785 nm 1560 nm 1560 nm 1580 nm

Typical Repetition Rate

35 MHz 35 MHz 35 MHz 35 MHz

Pulse Width <150 fs <250 fs <100 fs <100 fs

Spectral Width >6 nm >10 nm >24 nm >24 nm

Output Power >15 mW >1 mW >40 mW >100 mW

Peak Power >2.5 kW >100 W >10 kW >25 kW

Output Type Free Space Fiber Coupled Fiber Coupled Free Space

Temp. Control Input

0.015 °C/mV 0.015 °C/mV 0.015 °C/mV 0.015 °C/mV

PZT Control Input 20 kHz, 150 Vmax 20 kHz, 150 Vmax 20 kHz, 150 Vmax 20 kHz, 150 Vmax

Pump-Current Control Input

300 kHz, 0.5 mW/mV

300 kHz, 0.5 mW/mV

300 kHz, 0.5 mW/mV

300 kHz, 0.5 mW/mV

Dimensions333×188×53 mm3





Base Price* Contact Us Contact Us Contact Us Contact Us

Options† — -PM $4,000 -PM $4,000 -PM $4,000† -PM option lowers the available output power. * For international prices, add 10%.

FLC1006 Laser Controller

The FLC1006 laser controller is separate from the laser head. With the FLC1006 laser controller, you can control the laser

temperature, oscillator pump current, and cavity length through the PZT actuator control input.

See pages 22–23 or visit

www.precisionphotonics.com for a copy of our Application Note, “Locking

the FFL1560 Repetition Rate.”


Instru

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ts

The FFL1560-CONTROL laser systems from PPC provide clean

<100-fs pulse durations with the ability to stabilize the laser cavity

temperature, repetition rate (frep) and carrier-envelope offset (fceo)

frequencies. With a properly designed feedback system,1, 2 these

control inputs allow both frep and fceo to be locked to stable RF/micro-

wave oscillators, thus providing a stable optical frequency comb.

To control the fceo, an input is provided for modulating the injec-

tion current to the pump diode lasers. Results published in

the scientific literature3 have shown that modulating the pump

current (thus pump laser intensity) leads to changes in fceo. (Note:

PPC has not demonstrated locking fceo by way of an f-to-2f inter-

ferometer. For more information on f-to-2f interferometers, see

reference [3] where fceo was measured by an f-to-2f interferom-

eter and feedback to the pump light was used to control fceo.)

Due to the large amount of glass fiber in the system, the repeti-

tion frequency of the FFL1560-CONTROL is very sensitive to

variations in the ambient temperature. To reduce this effect, the

FFL1560-CONTROL incorporates a temperature controller that

maintains the fiber laser cavity at a nominal temperature near

40°C. For finer control of frep, a piezoelectric transducer (PZT)

stretches the fiber to provide rapid changes to the cavity length.

However, due to the limited dynamic range of the PZT, the

change in repetition frequency is limited to ±25 Hz for an applied

voltage of 0–150 V. Temperature fluctuations, even when the

cavity is temperature stabilized, can cause the PZT to exceed its

dynamic control range. To keep frep locked for very long times,

an optional input is provided to make small changes to the

temperature setpoint so that the PZT remains in the center of

its operating range. Visit www.precisionphotonics.com to learn

more about locking the repetition rate.

[1] G.F. Franklin, J.D. Powell, and A. Emani-Naeini, Feedback

Control of Dynamic Systems, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA,

1991, 2nd ed.

[2] G. Ellis, Control System Design Guide, Academic Press, San

Diego, CA, 2000, 2nd ed.

[3] B.R. Washburn, S.A. Diddams, N.R. Newbury, J.W. Nicholson,

M.F. Yan and C.G. Jorgensen, “Phase-locked, erbium-fiber-la-

ser-based frequency comb in the near infrared,” Opt. Lett. 29,

250 (2004).

Locking the FFL1560-CONTROL Repetition Rate

Typical experimental setup of a broadband cavity ringdown spec-troscopy application.

Excerpt from the Application Note on “Locking the FFL1560-CONTROL Repetition Rate.” Download the complete version at www.precisionphotonics.com.

Broadband Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy with the FFL1560-CONTROL

x grating dispersion

Grating

Spherical lens

VIPA Etalon

VIPA FSR

VIPAFSR

y V

IPA

dis

per

sion

Combspacing

y

xStabilized FemtosecondFiber Laser Frequency Comb

FFL1560-CONTROL

High-FinesseRingdown Cavity

with Sample

ExtractedSpectra

PPC manufactures VIPA etalons. See page 4 for more details.

22

Instru

men

ts


Broadband cavity ringdown spectroscopy (BBCRS) is ideal for environ-

mental monitoring, medical diagnostics including breath analysis, and

weapons screening. BBCRS couples broadband frequency comb spec-

troscopy with the ultrahigh sensitivity of cavity ringdown spectroscopy.

Optical frequency combs generated using femtosecond fiber lasers, such

as the FFL1560-CONTROL systems, coupled with cavity ringdown spec-

troscopy enable simultaneous measurements at multiple wavelengths

over a broad bandwidth—and in real time. The FFL1560-CONTROL sys-

tem offers a robust turn-key solution that covers the spectrally important

1.5 μm region. In addition, a VIPA (Virtually Imaged Phased Array, see

page 4) etalon combined with a grating can provide large enough disper-

sion for resolving the individual modes of the frequency comb.

For more information see, M.J. Thorpe, K.D. Moll (currently at PPC), R.J.

Jones, B. Safdi, J. Ye, Science, “Broadband Cavity Ringdown Spec-

troscopy for Sensitive and Rapid Molecular Detection,” Science, March

2006, or M.J. Thorpe, D.D. Hudson, K.D. Moll, J. Lasri (previously with

PPC), J. Ye, Optics Letters, “Cavity-ringdown molecular spectroscopy

based on an optical frequency comb at 1.45-1.65 μm,” Optics Letters,

February 2007.

1200 1400 1600 1750

Frequency (nm)

-30

-20

-10

5 dB/D RES: 1 nm AVG: 1 SMPL: AUTO

<13 dB

0

O E S

DWDM

CWDM

C L U

1200 1400 15001300 1600 1700

Wavelength (nm)

Tran

smitt

ance

(dB

)

-60

-40

-20

0

1200 1400 15001300 1600 1700

Wavelength (nm)

Tran

smitt

ance

(dB

)

-20

-10

0

1480 1550

1550-nm port

1480-nm port

Ultrabroadband Supercontinuum Source

Measured Response of a C-Band Filter

Measured Response of a 1480/1550 WDM

Computer-controlled feedback system for locking the repetition rate of the laser.

FrequencyCounter

Stanford Research(SR620)

TemperatureStablizedFFL1560

TemperatureInput Sync

Out

Current ModulationInput

PZT Input

GPIBPower Supply

Hewlett Packard(HP3631)

Computer

Telecom Component Testing with the Supercontinuum Source

The broad wavelength coverage of the Model FFL1560-SCS femtosecond fiber laser-supercontinuum source (page 24) over the entire CWDM band makes it the ideal source for telecom component testing. Below is actual test data taken using the FFL1560-SCS and optical spectrum analyzer.

DUT

SupercontinuumSource

OSA

Typical experimental setup using the FFL1560-SCS and an optical spectrum analyzer.

23

Instru

men

ts


Ideal for optical component testing, optical sensing, and optical coherence to-mography (OCT), these femtosecond fiber laser-supercontinuum hybrid sources offer wide spectral bandwidth along with high spectral uniformity, or ultrashort <100-fs clean pulses at 1560 nm (typical). The sources build upon our femtosecond fiber lasers and use a unique all-fiber-integrated solution composed of robust telecom-munication components and a state-of-the-art dispersion management scheme that enables near ly transform-limited pulses and stable turn-key performance.

1200 1400 1600 1750

Wavelength (nm)

0 dB

-10 dB

-20 dB

-30 dB

<13 dB

Note: actual spectrum covers out to 2000 nm.

Femtosecond Fiber Laser-Supercontinuum Hybrid Source

Model # Fiber Laser Output Supercontinuum Output


1560 nm —

Pulse Width <100 fs —

Spectral Width >24 nm —

Typical Repetition Rate 35 MHz 35 MHz

Average Output Power >40 mW >25 mW

Wavelength Range — 1200–2000 nm

Spectral Uniformity — <13 dB

Optical Power Density — >-17 dBm/nm

Optical Power Stability — <0.15 dB

Femtosecond Fiber Laser-Supercontinuum Hybrid Source

Applications•Optical component test• Optical sensing• Optical coherence

tomography (OCT)

• Both femtosecond fiber laser and supercontinuum outputs available

• 1200–2000 nm spectral bandwidth

• <13-dB spectral uniformity

• >25-mW output power with >-17 dBm/nm power spectral density


–600 –400 –200 0 200 400 6000.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Pulsewidth~70 fs

Time (fs)

Inte

nsity

(a.u

.)

Autocorrelation Trace


Instru

men

ts

High-Speed Servo ControllerThe Model LB1005 high-speed servo controller is a highly reliable, general-purpose instrument that makes stabilizing the frequency or amplitude of lasers easy and intuitive. And, unlike competitive products currently available, the Model LB1005 servo controller is a one-box solution—no ex-pensive external chassis required. Designed specifically for laser locking, the LB1005 high-speed proportional integral (P-I) controller has an intuitive front panel and easy-to-use analog inter-

face for the independent control of the P-I corner frequency, overall servo gain, and low-frequency

gain limit. This flexibility enables the Model LB1005 to cascade with other units for the high-speed control

of diode lasers using both piezo-electric transducers and current modulation inputs. Multiple functionality enables the

LB1005 servo controller to be used in a variety of demanding applications including atom/ion trapping, Bose-Einstein condensa-

tion, frequency metrology, quantum optics, and the high-speed stabili-zation, synchronization, and control of lasers.

Applications• Frequency and amplitude

stabilization of lasers• Atom/ion trapping,

including BEC• Frequency metrology• Quantum optics• Laser synchronization

• 10-MHz bandwidth

• Adjustable P-I corner frequency

• Adjustable servo gain & low-frequency gain limit

• Adjustable output voltage clamping

• New 19" rack-mounted shelf option

Servo ControllerModel # LB1005

Input Voltage Noise <10 nV/ Hz

Input Impedance 1 M

Input/Output Voltages ±10 V

Bandwidth 10 MHz

Adjustable Gain –40 to + 40 dB

Adjustable P-I Corner Frequency 10 Hz to 1 MHz

Price* $1,745

AccessoriesModel SH-2U 19" Shelf* (fits two servo controllers side by side)

$80


Ion TrappingThe LB1005 servo control-ler was used to take this image of a

string of six ytterbium ions

(171Yb+) fluorescing at 369.5 nm and 935 nm. A laser at 739 nm was locked to an iodine spectrometer and a transfer cavity before doubling to 369.5 nm. The 935-nm laser was locked in common to the transfer cavity.

See our application note “Wavelength Locking with the LB1005 Servo Controller” on pages 26–27.

Image courtesy of C.R. Monroe, Univ. o

f Mich

igan.

Off-the-shelf Shipping!

click here to lock your laser


Instru

men

ts

While narrow-linewidth lasers are used throughout

atomic, molecular, and optical physics, their short-term

wavelength stability is often not adequate for many

applications without active stabilization. Feedback (or

servo) control forces a system, such as a laser, to stay

actively “locked” to a desired value, e.g., a specific

wavelength—automatically correcting for external dis-

turbances that might cause the system to deviate from

the desired value.

The Precision Photonics Corporation (PPC) LB1005

Servo Controller provides critical signal-processing

electronics for performing the feedback control. In the

case of wavelength locking, an error signal is generated

by transmitting a portion of the laser output through

a gas cell or etalon wavelength reference. Any wave-

length instability is converted to an amplitude change

that can be detected by a photodetector. The result-

ing error signal is filtered by

the LB1005 Servo Controller

to form a control signal that

is sent back to the laser. (See

Figure 1 at right.)

The LB1005 Servo Controller

consists of three stages of ana-

log electronics processing: Input

Stage, Filter Stage, and Output

Stage. (See Figure 2 below.) The

Filter Stage is the most important be-

cause it sets the behavior of the sys-

tem. The user controls three important

filter parameters that impact the stability

of the system, and how well the actual output

matches the desired value.

Features of the LB1005 High-Speed Servo Controller• >10-MHz bandwidth• Adjustable P-I corner frequency• Adjustable servo gain & low-frequency gain limit• Adjustable output voltage clamping

Output

A

-B

LF Gain Limit

Input StageGenerates error signal by takingsignal difference between A and -B.Adds in optional offset voltage toadjust locking setpoint.

Filter StageFilters error signal to generatethe feedback control signal.

Output StageSums feedback control signal with sweepcontrol signals to form output signal.Also allows output voltages to be “clamped”so as not to damage inputs to system.

SummedSignal ToSystem(±10 V)

DesiredValue In,from User(±10 V)

ActualValue In,from Detector(±10 V)

DifferenceAmplifier

Proportional-Integral (PI) Filter

SummingAmplifier

Loop Gain

LEDIndicator

SweepInput

ModInput

ControlSignal

Error Signal=A–B+Offset

ErrorMonitor

Acquire

PI Corner

Output Adjust (±10 V)

Sweep Span

Voltage Limits

SweepCenter

Figure 2: LB1005 Servo Controller Architecture

-6 dB/octav

0

-90

90

“I” Integrator90 dB80 dBEtc.

LF Gain Limit(adjustable 20-90 dB)

P-I Corner(adjustable 10 Hz–1 MHz)

“Infinite”(Integrator)

(0 dB) Prop.

G(f)

Wavelength Locking with the LB1005 Servo Controller

LB1005 Servo Control

Proportional Integral Filter with

26

Instru

men

ts


Figure 3: Simplified Wavelength-Locking Application Using the LB1005 Servo Controller

The wavelength of narrow-line-

width tunable lasers drifts due to

floor vibrations, small tempera-

ture drifts, and even acoustic

noise from people talking in the

vicinity of the laser. By using the

piezo-electric transducer (PZT) in-

put to the laser controller, you can

shift the laser wavelength so that it

always stays fixed on the side of the

much more stable resonance line shape of the sample

gas, regardless of possible external disturbances.

To acquire lock, find the locking point by adjusting

Sweep Center and Sweep Span (and sometimes Offset

Adjust). (See Figure 3 below.) Upon locating the locking

point, the Acquire switch is used to turn on the feed-

back control. The Sweep Span is then turned OFF, and

the Gain can be adjusted to optimize servo control.

Example: Wavelength Locking

SLF-5432 Servo Loop Filter

Center (Output Offset)50 W

±20 mA

OUTPUT

GainInput Offset

FILTER

Error = 10x(A-B+Offset)

-B

1 MΩ

±10 V

A

1 MΩ

±10 V

Error Monitor

(DC-10 MHz)

Sweep In1 M±10 V

LF Gain Limit (dB)

70

Prop.20

30

40

50

6080

90

P-I Corner (Hz)

3k

Int.10

30

100

300

1k10k

30k

100k

300k

1M

Off

Span

INPUTS

SWEEP

Lock On

LFGL

Lock Off

“System”“Detector”Transmission Spectrum

Oscilloscope

Time,

Volta

ge

0 V

Y X

Extended Cavity Laser Diode

Pow

er

Slope allows us to lock laserwavelength at this point because itis a good wavelength discriminator:Higher =higher transmitted powerLower =lower transmitted power

Servo will lock at 0 V (=zero error signal).Offset Adjust sets lock point (in vertical axis)Span & Center finds lock point (in horizontal axis).

Time TriggerFor Error

Monitor Signal

Outside perturbations causewavelength of laser to“shake” uncontrollably.

“Locked” OutputTo Experiment

Photo-detector Gas Cell

Function Generator(Ramp Output)

LaserController

LaserHead

To PZT Control Input

System, e.g. Laser Wavelength

Actual(Measured)

Value

Output Value“Locked” to Desired Value

Filter Parameters(User-Defined)

Unwanted External Disturbances(Vibrations, Temperature Fluctuations, etc.)

PPC Servo ControllerSignal-Processing Electronics

DesiredValue

Detector

Figure 1: Schematic of a General Feedback Control Loop

f

ve

“P” Proportional Gain

Gain (adjustable -40 to +40 dB)

ller Transfer Function

Low-Frequency (LF) Gain Limit

27

Instru

men

ts


Terms and ConditionsShipmentsDelivery will be made F.O.B. PPC, Boulder, CO, USA.In

the absence of specific shipping instructions, PPC will

ship by the method it deems most advantageous. Trans-

portation charges will be prepaid and invoiced.

Overseas ShipmentsAll quotations are in US dollars. Parts will be shipped

via customer-specified international carrier against cus-

tomer-provided account number. All shipping, insurance

and any applicable tariffs and duties will be invoiced to

that account.

For the convenience of working in your time zone and

language, or for assistance regarding customs and

import issues, please contact one of our international dis-

tributors. An updated list of sales representatives can be

found online at www.precisionphotonics.com/distributors.

Terms Of PaymentAll payments are due net thirty (30) days after the original

shipment date.

All major credit cards are accepted.

Limited WarrantyPPC warrants that all products comply with applicable

specifications and will operate under proper use and

normal conditions for a period of one year from date

of delivery.

ISO 9001:2000PPC adheres to ISO 9001:2000 quality standard. Please

visit www.precisionphotonics.com/ISO to view our regis-

tration certificate.

Contact InformationPhone: 303 444 9948 Fax: 303 444 9951

Mail: 3180 Sterling Circle Boulder, CO 80301

E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]

Web: www.precisionphotonics.com

Numerical Aperture

Collimating

D

df

f

D

Focusing

d

International System of Units (SI) Prefixes

Factor Name Symbol1021 zetta Z1018 exa E1015 peta P1012 tera T109 giga G106 mega M103 kilo k102 hecto h10-2 centi c10-3 milli m10-6 micro μ10-9 nano n10-12 pico p10-15 femto f10-18 atto a10-21 zepto z10-24 yocto y

www.precisionphotonics.comphone: 303 444 9948

Physical Constants

h =Planck’s constant=6.626 x 10-27 erg•s = 6.626 x 10-34 J•s=4.5 x 10-15 eV•s

h =h/2 =Dirac’s constant=1.054 x 10-27 erg•s =1.054 x 10-34 J•s

k =Boltzmann’s constant = 1.380 x 10-16 erg/K = 8.62 x 10-5 eV/K=1.380 x 10-23 J/K

kT=25.9 meV at room temperature =6.7 meV at liquid-nitrogen temperature (77 K) =0.36 meV at liquid-helium temperature (4.2 K)

c=velocity of light in vacuum=2.998 x 108 m/s

(Note: the exact value is 2.99792458 x 108 m/s)

e =electron charge=1.602 x 10-19 coulombs = 4.803 x 10-10 esu

No =Avogadro’s number =6.023 x 1023 molecules/g-mole

o=h2/4 me2=first Bohr radius=5.292 x 10-11 m

o=permittivity constant=8.854 x 10-12 F/m

μo=permeability constant=1.257 x 10-6 H/m

me=electron rest mass=9.109 x 10-31 kg

mp=proton rest mass=1.672 x 10-27 kg

# of seconds in a year~ x 107

Common Material Properties

MaterialRefractive Index, n

FSR*Thermal Expansion Coefficient ( )

Thermo-Optic Coefficient ( or )

Air 1.000 0.0 MHz 0.0 ppm/˚C 1.0 ppm/˚C

Fused Silica 1.444 13.1 MHz 0.55 ppm/˚C 6.57 ppm/˚C

Silicon 3.477 198.1 MHz 3.25 ppm/˚C 160 ppm/˚C

LASFN9 1.813 9.4 MHz 7.4 ppm/˚C 1.3 ppm/˚C

*Change in FSR due to dispersive effects as measured from 1510 to 1570 nm for a 50-GHz etalon

Converting dBm to mW

Optical power is com-monly expressed in mW or dBm. The dBm unit is defined as the ratio in dB (decibel) of the measured optical power to a reference value of 1 mW.

For a quick reference, use the following table.

Optical Power (dBm)

Optical Power (mW)

15 31.614 25.113 20.012 15.811 12.610 10.09 7.98 6.37 5.06 4.05 3.24 2.53 2.02 1.61 1.30 1.0–1 0.79–2 0.63–3 0.50–4 0.40–5 0.32–6 0.25–7 0.20–8 0.16–9 0.13–10 0.10–11 0.08–12 0.06–13 0.05–14 0.04–15 0.03

Focusing Gaussian Beams

A Gaussian beam

spreads as follows,

where (x) is the 1/e2 radius, is the wavelength, and x is the distance from the beam waist 0 where x=0. A rule of thumb for choosing a lens is

where f is the lens focal length, d is the beam diameter at the focus, D is the 1/e2 diameter of the collimated beam.

Wave Vector, Fre-quency, Wavelength & Wavenumbers

k=wave vector

=frequency

=angular frequency =2

=wavelength

o=wavelength in vacuum

n=refractive index

An easy number to remember is a 1-pm linewidth is approxi-mately 125 MHz at 1550 nm.

Snell’s Law

n 2

n 1

1

2

Wavelength (in vacuum)

FrequencyElectron Volts

Wavenumber

1561.42 nm 192.00 THz 0.80 eV 6,404.43 cm-1

1550 nm 193.41 THz 0.80 eV 6,451.61 cm-1

1320 nm 227.12 THz 0.94 eV 7,575.76 cm-1

1064 nm 281.76 THz 1.17 eV 9,398.50 cm-1

980 nm 305.91 THz 1.27 eV 10,204.08 cm-1

780 nm 384.35 THz 1.59 eV 12,820.51 cm-1

632.8 nm 473.76 THz 1.96 eV 15,802.78 cm-1

350 nm 856.55 THz 3.55 eV 28,571.43 cm-1

Etalon Formulas

Two parameters completely specify an etalon: the free spec-tral range (FSR) and the finesse

( ). The FSR is the spacing (usually given in frequency) be-tween transmission peaks. The finesse is the ratio of the free spectral range to the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the transmission peak and is directly related to the reflectivity of the surface R.

c is the speed of light, n is the index of refraction of the etalon, and L is the thickness of the etalon.

At high finesse values (where R is very close to 100% or 1),

Finesse Reflectivity2 24%4 47%6 60%8 68%10 73%15 81%20 85%

Brewster’s Angle

The angle where only s-polarized light is reflected

Total Internal Reflection Angle

where ntransmitted medium< nincident medium is required for total internal reflection.

3180 Sterling Circle Boulder, CO 80301

p: 303 444 9948f: 303 444 9951

[email protected]

3180 Sterling Circle Boulder, CO 80301

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