eSupply Chains and eBusiness Applications

eSupply Chains and eBusiness Applications

Dr Sherif KamelDepartment of ManagementSchool of Business, Economics and Communication

Copyright © 2006-2007 Sherif KamelCopyright © 2006 Turban, King, Viehland and Lee

eSupply Chains Definitions and Concepts

supply chain

The flow of materials, information, money, and services from raw material suppliers through factories and warehouses to the end customerseSupply chain

A supply chain that is managed electronically, usually with Web technologies

Supply Chain Parts Upstream supply chain Internal supply chain Downstream supply chain


Managing Supply Chains Managing supply chains can be difficult due to the need to

coordinate: Several business partners Several internal corporate departments Numerous business processes Possibly many customers

Information technology provides two types of software solutions Supply chain management (SCM) Enterprise resource planning (ERP)


Managing eSupply Chains eSupply chain management (eSCM)

The collaborative use of technology to improve the operations of supply chain activities as well as the management of supply chains and it depends on…

Ability of all supply chain partners to view partner collaboration as a strategic asset

Information visibility along the entire supply chain Speed, cost, quality, and customer service Integrating the supply chain more tightly


eSupply Chains Activities eProcurement Supply chain monitoring and control Collaborative planning Collaborative design and product development eLogistics


Infrastructure for eSupply Chains Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) Extranets Intranets


Supply chains can be very long, involving many internal and external partners located in different places

Both materials and information must flow among several entities, and these transfers, especially when manually handled, can be slow and error-prone

Other problems along the EC supply chain mainly stem from the need to coordinate several activities and internal units and business partners

Supply Chain Problems


Supply Chain Information Required

A supply chain includes the flow of information to and from all participating entities including Product pricing Inventory Shipping status Credit and financial information Technology news


EC Solutions on the Supply Chain Order taking can be done over the Internet, extranet, and

may be fully automated Order fulfillment can become instant if the products can be

digitized Electronic payments can expedite both the order fulfillment

cycle and the payment delivery period Inventories can be minimized by introducing a build-to-order

(on-demand) manufacturing process as well as by providing fast and accurate information to suppliers (collaborative commerce) Knowledge management is the process of capturing or creating knowledge


Internal Supply Chain SolutionsIntrabusiness

The internal parts of the supply chain are related to the value chain and include: Inbound logistics Production processes Outbound logistics Marketing and sales Customer services

Intrabusiness can include Between a business and its employees Between units within the business Among employees in the same business


Corporate (Enterprise) Portals

corporate (enterprise) portalA gateway for entering a corporate website, enabling communication, collaboration, and access to company information

Reasons for implementing corporate portals: To cut costs To free up time for busy executives and managers Get access to information all the time Allowing collaboration – sharing knowledge


Collaboration-Enabling Tools

virtual meetingsOnline meetings whose members are in different locations

group decision support system (GDSS)Interactive computer-based system that facilitates the solution of semi-structured and unstructured problems by a group of decision makers

teleconferencingUse of electronic communication that allows two or more people at different locations to have a simultaneous conference


Collaboration-Enabling ToolsVoice-over-IP (VOIP)Communication systems that transmit voice calls over Internet Protocol-based

networks

screen sharingSoftware that enables group members, even in different locations, to work on

the same document, which is shown on the PC screen of each participant

Instant videoReal-time replays with extensive memory for random access to materials streamed


eGovernment eGovernment

The use of ICT and eCommerce to provide access to government information and delivery of public services to citizens and business partners

Use of information and communication technology as well as business processes to transform how the government interact with citizens and businesses


eGovernment Objectives Transforming the quality of services offered to citizens by the

government Establishing a single gateway to the government Building services around citizens needs Making government services more accessible, efficient and effective Ensuring social inclusion Optimizing the use of information


So it is all about…

Electronic Government

and not


and hopefully



eGovernment is about… Transforming a relationship than about deploying technology Accessing information about services Enabling various new channels Diversifying the levels of services Developing front and back business processes Re-engineering organizational structures


eGovernment models Citizens

Government2citizens (G2C) Businesses

Government2business (G2B) Intergovernmental

Govrnment2government (G2G) Employees

Government2employees (G2E) Intragovernmental

Internal efficiency and effectiveness (IEE)


eGovernment government-to-citizens (G2C)

eGovernment category that includes all the interactions between a government and its citizens (voting and benefit transfer)

government-to-businesseGovernment category that includes interactions between governments and businesses (government selling to businesses and providing them with services and businesses selling products and services to government)

Government eProcurement Group purchasing Tax collection and management


eGovernment government-to-employees (G2E)

eGovernment category that includes activities and services between government units and their employees

Government-to-employees and internal efficiency and effectiveness ePayroll eRecords management eTraining

government-to-government (G2G) eGovernment category that includes activities within government units

and those between governments


Implementing eGovernment The Transformation to eGovernment

Stage 1 – Information publishing/dissemination Stage 2 – Official two-way transactions with one

department at a time Stage 3 – Multipurpose portals Stage 4 – Portal personalization Stage 5 – Clustering of common services Stage 6 – Full integration and enterprise transformation


Stages of eGovernment


eGovernment Adoption


eGovernment Phases (different model) Publish

Using information and communication technology to expand access to government information

Interact Broadening civic participation in government

Transact Making government information available online


5 elements for eGovernment transformation Process reform

Create new processes and relationships between the governor and the governed and not just automate existing processes and inefficiencies

Leadership Avail technology sponsors and champions at all levels who would represent the push

drivers Strategic investment

Prioritize programs according to the needs, available funds and scarce resources Collaboration

Explore new collaboration schemes among government agencies as well as with the private sector and NGOs

Civic engagement Encourage invaluable role and input of the citizen as a contributor to the decision

making process


Online Publishing eBooks

Online publishing The electronic delivery of newspapers, magazines, books, news, music, videos, and other digitizable information over the Internet (eBooks, print onDemand)

eZines Electronic magazine or newsletter delivered over the Internet via eMail

WebcastingLive shows broadcast on the Web

WebinarsSeminars on the Web (Web-based seminars)


eLearning

Basics of eLearningThe online delivery of information for purposes of education, training, or

knowledge management…benefits could include…. Time and cost reduction Large volume and diversity Higher content retention Flexibility Updated and consistent material


eLearning

Drawbacks include… Need for instructor retraining Equipment needs and support services Lack of face-to-face interaction and campus life Assessment Maintenance and updating Protection of intellectual property Computer literacy Student retention


eLearning

The use of hybrid models (traditional and unconventional means

Use of technology acceptance model theory adaptation


eTraining

Online Corporate Training The Drivers of eTraining

Technological change Competition and cost pressures Globalization Continual learning Network connectivity


eDutainment

Edutainment The combination of education and entertainment, often through games, movies, books, music

Knowledge management (content sharing) P2P applications

eSupply Chains and eBusiness Applications

Business

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