CE 2402 ESTIMATION & QUANTITY SURVEYING B E Civil Engg 4th year 7th SemesterDec 2007 Anna University CE 1402 Q P No R 3178

2 MARK QUESTIONS & ANSWERS001Dec 2007 What are the different types of Estimates? Dec 2007

1

Preliminary Estimate

6

Cube Rate Estimate or Cubical Content Estimate

11

Supplementary Estimate2

Approximate Estimate

7

Approximate Quantities Method Estimate

12

Supplementary and Revised Estimate 3

Abstract Estimate 8Detailed Estimate13

Annual Repair / Maintenance Estimate 4

Rough Cost Estimate

9

Item Rate Estimate14

Functional Unit Estimate5

Plinth Area Estimate

10

Revised Estimate15Project Estimate 16Complete Estimate

002Give the Units of Measurements for the following items of works

(i) Steel Reinforcement in RCC Works

(ii) 11.5 cm thick Partition Wall in Brick WorkDec 2007

#Item of WorkMeasurement based onUnit of Measurement

1Steel Reinforcement in RCC Works,

Weightkg or Metric Tonnes

211.5 cm thick Partition Wall in Brick WorkAreaSq. m OR sq. ft

323 cm thick Wall in Brick WorkVolumeCubic metre or CFT

003What is Centre Line Method? Dec 2007

In Centre Line Method, the total of the centre to centre distance lengths of all the main walls i.e full thickness ( for eg. 23 cm wall ) is added all around the perimeter and taken as the base quantity. Similarly the total of centre line lengths of other types of walls ( other thicknesses or other materials ) are added separately

This TOTAL of Centre line lengths is then calculated with the respective Width and Height / Thickness of that element and itsVolume arrived the significance of this Centre Lime Method is that, the Quantities of many elements having a common centre line or common Symmetrical Axis can be calculated quickly just by varying the widths and thoicknesses but TOTAL Centre Line length remaining same

004What is meant by SoR? Dec 2007

SoR refers to Schedule of Rates

this is the schedule i.e list of rates for various materials, labourers, work items and other elements of estimation published by Govt Agencies and also by private companies from time to time say every year. The SoR serves as a benchmark for contractors and suppliers to prepare their estimates and bids and participate in the tender.

The SoR rates include some minimum percentage of profit for the contractor

For considering the TRASNPORTATION expenses, most of the government departments consider a distance of 8 km ( 5 miles ) for all items for usual locations in Plain Lands in normal sites within or nearby Cities and Towns

005What is meant by the term Specification? Dec 2007

Specification specifies describes clearly the nature and type of work to be carried, quality of material to be used, degree of workmanship, and all other details required for the

Contractor to decide the Minimum Rate to assign for that material or work Procurement Manager to decide the type of material to buy

Technician to understand the quality of workmanship required Supervisor to decide whether to accept or reject a material delivered and a work completed

Specifications are of two types

1 GENERAL or BRIEF Specifications to give an overall outline

2 DETAILED Specifications - to describe completely

The Specifications document, along with Drawings give a complete picture about the work to be done in its totality

006What is meant by TENDER? Dec 2007

Tender is an OFFER in writing given to a Contractor / Supplier to execute a certain work or supply the required goods at preagreed rates and as per the specifications within a fixed time frame under certain conditions of contract. The Client who is going to pay announces through advertisements his intention to get the work done through conatrctor and invites them to buy the tender documents ( drawings, specifications, condictions, BoQ, etc. The contractors submit their BIDs ( offers with their proposed rates and prices ) in sealed tenders.

The client awards the work to the lowest bidder usually subject to certain conditions

007What is CAPITALISED VALUE? Dec 2007

The Capitalized Value of a property is the amount of a money whose annual interest at the highest prevailing rate of interest will be equal to the net income from the property.

Eg. : A property can fetch a net annual rent of Rs. 1,000 and highest rate of interest prevalent being 5% Its Capitalized Value is

For Rs 5 as Interest the Capital Amount = Rs. 100

Hence to get Rs 1,000 as interest, capital =

Thus Capitalized value of the property is Rs, 20,000/-

In case if the interest rate is 8 %, then the CV =

Alternatively, Capitalized Value = Net Annual Income * Years Purchase

Thus, higher the rate of interest, the CV will be lower and hence the rent shall have to be increased

008Define Scrap Value Dec 2007

Scrap Value is the amount of money that can be earned by disposing a property after the end of its useful life.in buildings, items such as timber from joineries, steel from grills, and even debris from demolition may fetch some value in the market.

SCRAP VALUE = Money Received from Selling the property Money Spent on demolition or

transportation of the scrap, etc.

009What is meant by DEPRECIATION? Dec 2007

Depreciation is the gradual exhaustion ( loss or reduction in value ) of the usefulness of a property. The loss or reduction is due to wear and tear, obsolescence, decay or simply getting out of fashion or even due to non-availability of spares and service support. Through depreciation, the value of the property is reduced year after year.

For accounts purpose, depreciation amount can be shown as an expenditure and can be deducted from the income before taxation

010What are the different methods of Valuation of a building? Dec 2007

Methods of VALUATION

1Rental Method

2Direct Comparison with Capital Value

3Valuation based on Profit

4Valuation based on Cost

5Development method of Valuation

6Depreciation method of Valuation

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