Estimates of burned biomass based on burned areas from SPOT-VEGETATION in 2000
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Transcript of Estimates of burned biomass based on burned areas from SPOT-VEGETATION in 2000
Estimates of burned biomass based on burned areas from SPOT-VEGETATION in 2000
Akinori Ito Joyce E. Penner
University of Michigan
Summary of data set used in the estimation of burned biomass
Data set Spatial Resolution MethodArea burned (Grégoire et al., 2002.) 1-km globe SPOT-VEGETATION
Fractional forest cover (Zhu and Waller, 2001) 1-km globe AVHRRFractional vegetation cover (Zeng et al., 2000) 1-km globe AVHRRVegetation map (Hansen et al., 2000) 1-km globe AVHRR
Carbon pool of forests (Myneni et al., 2001) 8-km NH(>30˚N) AVHRRAbove-ground biomass density of forests (Gaston et al., 1998) 5-km Africa GIS modelBiomass density (Barrette and Xu, 2002) 5-km Australia GIS modelLitter biomass density of forests(Matthews, 1997) 0.1˚ globe Measurement dataBiomass density of grassland Global average Measurement data(Shea et al., 1999, Hoffa et al., 1999, Gill et al., 2001) (42 sites)
Combustion factor (see Table 1) Global average Measurement data
Emission factor (Andreae and Merlet, 2001) Global average Measurement data
Amount of biomass burned (M)
M = A x B x ce
A: monthly area burnedB: annual average aboveground biomass densityce: average combustion factor , the fraction of above
ground biomass that is burned
Estimate of biomass burned
Table 1 Combustion factor
Reference grass forests stem & CWD leaf & fine litterCarvalho et al. (2001) 0.33 0.26 0.92Shea et al. (1996) 0.99 0.91Araujo et al. (1999) 0.20 0.13 0.83Carvalho et al. (1998) 0.20 0.14 0.88Fearnside et al. (2001) 0.30 0.26Guid et al. (1998) 0.51 0.47 0.95Graca et al. (1999) 0.36 0.29 0.96Fearnside et al. (1993) 0.29 0.26 1.00Fearnside et al. (1999) 0.43 0.32 0.97Average 0.99 0.33 0.27 0.93
*: CWD means coarse woody debris.
*
1.1.1. Classification method in North America
Area burned in grassland
Living biomass density of forests
Biomass density (tons / ha)
Burned area (x 102 ha)Litter biomass density of forests
Area burned in forests
Global average of biomass density of grassland
2.791 (tons / ha)
Biomass density (tons / ha)
Burned area (x 102 ha)
(Forest area: evergreen needleleaf, evergreen broadleaf, deciduous needleleaf, deciduous broadleaf, mixed, woody savanna)
(Grassland area) = (Fractional vegetation cover) - (Fractional forest cover)
(Living biomass: stem, bark, branches, and twigs, and leaves)
(Litter: fine litter and coarse woody debris)
Combustion factor of forests:
0.33
Combustion factor of grassland:0.99
1.1.2. Classification method in Eurasia
Area burned in grassland
Living biomass density of forests
Biomass density (tons / ha)
Burned area (x 102 ha)Litter biomass density of forests
Area burned in forests
Global average of biomass density of grassland
2.791 (tons / ha)
Biomass density (tons / ha)
Burned area (x 102 ha)
(Forest area burned) = (Area burned) x (Forest map: evergreen needleleaf, evergreen broadleaf, deciduous needleleaf, deciduous broadleaf, mixed, woody savanna)
(Grassland area burned) = (Area burned) x{(Fractional vegetation cover) - (Fractional forest cover)}
(Living biomass: stem, bark, branches, and twigs, and leaves)
(Litter: fine litter and coarse woody debris)
Combustion factor of forests:
0.33
Combustion factor of grassland:0.99
(Grassland area burned) = (Area burned) x{(Fractional vegetation cover) - (Fractional forest cover)}
Combustion factor of forests:
0.33
Area burned in grassland
Living biomass density of forests
Biomass density (tons / ha)
Litter biomass density of forests
Area burned in forests
Global average of biomass density of grassland
2.791 (tons / ha)
Biomass density (tons / ha)
Burned area (x 102 ha)
1.2.1. Continuous field method in Africa
Only grassland burned for
the second fire.
(Forest area burned) = (Area burned) x(Fractional forest cover)
Combustion factor of
grassland:0.99
Burned area (x 102 ha)
1.2.2. Continuous field method in Australia
Area burned
Biomass C density (tons C / ha)
Leaf + fine litterbiomass density
Stem + woody debrisbiomass density
Fractional vegetation cover (%)
Actual area burned
Burned area (x 102 ha)
Combustion factor of leaf & fine litter:
0.93
Combustion factor of stem & CWD:
0.27
2.1. Results of biomass burned (Tg / yr)
Africa Australia Extratropical regionThis work 2572 374 649Barbosa et al. (1999) 704-2168Hao and Liu (1994) 2290 290Hao et al. (1990) 2818 425Lobert et al. (1999) 640Lavoué et al., (2000) 66-700
2.2. Results of emissions (Tg species / yr)
Africa Australia Extratropical regionCO 254.46 34.50 63.94NO2 4.88 0.86 2.06
BC 1.64 0.23 0.35Smoke (TPM - BC) 15.68 2.41 9.85
2.3. Results of emissions from biomass burned
January biomass burned (kg) February biomass burned (kg)
April biomass burned (kg) Jun biomass burned (kg)May biomass burned (kg)
March biomass burned (kg)
2.4. Results of emissions from biomass burned
July biomass burned (kg) August biomass burned (kg)
October biomass burned (kg) December biomass burned (kg)November biomass burned (kg)
September biomass burned (kg)
4. Future work
Update biomass burned in tropical America and Asia
Complete photochemistry model using meteorology from GEOS-DAS in 2000
Compare predicted fields (CO, BC, etc) with observations
3. Conclusions
1. These methods appear to give reasonable results for total biomass burned.
2. In Northern Hemisphere, the estimated litter burned seems too high, while
the living biomass looks low.
3. Need to test the emissions in a model and develop uncertainty estimates.
References
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