Estatisticas ONU Facts_Figures2012

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Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights |www.ohchr.org

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Communications Country visits Coordination and joint activitiesReports Public statements and news releases Thematic events
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Published by:

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human RightsGeneva, February 2013

Pictures on front cover: Ms. Gabriela Knaul, Special Rapporteur on the Independence of Judges and Lawyers, speakingat a regional consultation in Panama. A wide view of the Human Rights Council on the opening day of its sixteenthsession. Mr. Surya Prasad Subedi, Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Cambodia, meetingstakeholders during a country visit. Mr. Doudou Diene, Independent Expert on the situation of human rights in CtedIvoire, in the IDPs camp of Nahibly in Cte d'Ivoire. Ms. Rita Izsak, Independent Expert on minority issues, during avisit to Bosnia and Herzegovina.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction 1

List of mandates and mandate-holders .. 2

Developments in 2012 6

Communications ... 10Country visits .... 13

Positive developments.. 15

Reports ... 17

News releases 25

Basic figures at a glance 37

The Special Procedures Facts and Figures 2012 provides a general overview of the main activities of theSpecial Procedures mandates of the United Nations Human Rights Council in 2012. This tool isproduced by the Special Procedures Branch of the Human Rights Council and Special ProceduresDivision of the OHCHR.

For more information about Special Procedures, please visithttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/SP/Pages/Welcomepage.aspxInformation about the work of OHCHR and the support extended to Special Procedures will beavailable in the forthcoming OHCHR Report 2012.

INTRODUCTION

The Special Procedures of the Human Rights Council areindependent human rights experts with mandates toreport and advise on human rights from a thematic orcountry-specific perspective. The system of SpecialProcedures is a central element of the United Nationshuman rights machinery and covers all sets of rights:civil, cultural, economic, political, and social.

Their independence, impartiality and flexibility enablethe Special Procedures to play a critical role in promotingand protecting human rights. The experts deal withsituations wherever they occur in the world, including inthe context of crises and emergencies. As the mostdirectly accessible mechanism of the internationalhuman rights machinery, they interact regularly withhuman rights defenders and actual and potential victimsof human rights violations.

With the support of the Office of the United NationsHigh Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR),Special Procedures undertake country visits; act onindividual cases and concerns of a broader, structuralnature by sending communications to States; conductthematic studies and convene expert consultations,develop international human rights standards, engage inadvocacy, raise public awareness, and provide adviceand support for technical cooperation.

Special Procedures report annually to the Human RightsCouncil; the majority of the mandates also report to theGeneral Assembly.

Effective follow-up to Special Procedures

recommendations is linked to cooperation and support

by States. To enhance protection and promotion, andencourage cooperation and follow-up, SpecialProcedures engage with a wide variety of interlocutors:Governments, other international and regional humanrights bodies, United Nations entities, national humanrights institutions, and civil society, including non-governmental organizations and academic institutions.

At the end of 2012, there were 48 Special Procedures (36thematic mandates and 12 mandates relating to countriesor territories) with 72 mandate-holders. Two countrymandates and one thematic mandates were establishedin 2012: Special Rapporteur on the situation of humanrights in Belarus, Special Rapporteur on the situation ofhuman rights in Eritrea, Independent Expert on the issueof human rights obligations relating to the enjoyment ofa safe, clean, healthy and sustainable environment.

The Special Rapporteurs, Independent Experts andWorking Groups serve in their personal capacities andundertake to uphold independence, efficiency,competence and integrity through probity, impartiality,honesty and good faith. They are not United Nationsstaff members and do not receive financial remuneration.

OHCHR supports all mandates of the system of SpecialProcedures and its Coordination Committee. The Officeprovides thematic, fact-finding, policy, legal andmethodological expertise, research and analysis,documentation, and assists with logistical andadministrative matters.
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United Nations Special Procedures Facts and Figures 2012

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LIST OF MANDATES AND MANDATE-HOLDERS

Mandate Established Mandate-holder

Country mandates

Special Rapporteur on the situation of humanrights in Belarus

2012 Mr. Mikls Haraszti (Hungary) since October 2012

Special Rapporteur on the situation of humanrights inCambodia

1993 Mr. Surya Prasad Subedi (Nepal) since May 2009

Independent Expert on the situation of humanrights in Cte dIvoire

2011 Mr. Doudou Diene (Senegal) since November 2011

Special Rapporteur on the situation of humanrights in theDemocratic Peoples Republic ofKorea

2004 Mr. Marzuki Darusman (Indonesia) since August 2010

Special Rapporteur on the situation of humanrights in Eritrea

2012 Ms. Sheila B. Keetharuth (Mauritius) since October 2012

Independent Expert on the situation of humanrights inHaiti

1995 Mr. Michel Forst (France) since June 2008

Special Rapporteur on the situation of humanrights in the Islamic Republic of Iran

2011 Mr. Ahmed Shaheed (Maldives) since August 2011

Special Rapporteur on the situation of humanrights inMyanmar

1992 Mr. Toms Ojea Quintana (Argentina) since May 2008

Special Rapporteur on the situation of humanrights in thePalestinian territories occupiedsince 1967

1993 Mr. Richard Falk (United States of America) since May2008

Independent Expert on the situation of humanrights inSomalia

1993 Mr. Shamsul Bari (Bangladesh) since May 2008

Independent Expert on the situation on human

rights in theSudan

2005 (SR)

2009 (IE)

Mr. Mashood Baderin (Nigeria) since October 2012

Special Rapporteur on the situation of humanrights in the Syrian Arab Republic

2011 Mr. Paulo Srgio Pinheiro (Brazil) will start once themandate of the commission of inquiry ends

Thematic mandates

Special Rapporteur onadequate housingas acomponent of the right to an adequate standardof living, and on the right to non-discriminationin this context

2000 Ms. Raquel Rolnik (Brazil) since May 2008

Working Group of experts on people ofAfricandescent

2002 Ms. Verene Shepherd (Jamaica), Chair-Rapporteur, sinceApril 2010Ms. Mirjana Najcevska (The former Yugoslav Republic

of Macedonia), since November 2008Ms. Monorama Biswas (Bangladesh), since November2008Ms. Mireille Fanon- Mendes-France (France) since May2011Ms. Maya Sahli (Algeria) since August 2008

Working Group onarbitrary detention 1991 Mr. El Hadji Malick Sow (Senegal), Chair-Rapporteur ,since May 2008Ms. Shaheen Sardar Ali (Pakistan), Vice-Chair, sinceAugust 2008Mr. Vladimir Tochilovsky (Ukraine) since May 2010Mr. Mads Andenas (Norway) since August 2009

Mr. Roberto Garretn (Chile) since May 2008Special Rapporteur on thesale of children,child prostitution and child pornography

1990 Ms. Najat MaallaMjid (Morocco) since May 2008

Special Rapporteur in the field of cultural rights 2009 Ms. Farida Shaheed (Pakistan) since November 2009
http://www.ohchr.org/english/countries/kh/mandate/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/countries/kh/mandate/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/countries/kh/mandate/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/countries/kp/mandate/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/countries/kp/mandate/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/countries/kp/mandate/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/countries/kp/mandate/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/countries/ht/mandate/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/countries/ht/mandate/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/countries/mm/mandate/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/countries/mm/mandate/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/countries/mm/mandate/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/countries/ps/mandate/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/countries/ps/mandate/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/countries/ps/mandate/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/countries/ps/mandate/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/countries/so/mandate/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/countries/so/mandate/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/countries/sd/mandate/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/countries/sd/mandate/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/countries/sd/mandate/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/housing/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/housing/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/racism/groups/african/4african.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/racism/groups/african/4african.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/racism/groups/african/4african.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/detention/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/detention/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/detention/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/children/rapporteur/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/children/rapporteur/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/children/rapporteur/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/children/rapporteur/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/children/rapporteur/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/children/rapporteur/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/detention/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/racism/groups/african/4african.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/racism/groups/african/4african.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/housing/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/countries/sd/mandate/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/countries/so/mandate/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/countries/ps/mandate/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/countries/ps/mandate/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/countries/mm/mandate/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/countries/ht/mandate/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/countries/kp/mandate/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/countries/kp/mandate/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/countries/kh/mandate/index.htm


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Independent expert on the promotion of ademocratic and equitable international order

2011 Mr. Alfred de Zayas (USA) since May 2012

Special Rapporteur on the right toeducation 1998 Mr. Kishore Singh (India) since August 2010Working Group onenforced or involuntarydisappearances

1980 Mr. Olivier de Frouville (France), Chair-Rapporteur,since November 2008Mr. Jeremy Sarkin (South Africa),since May 2008Mr. Ariel Dulitzky (Argentina/USA) since August 2010

Ms. Jasminka Dzumhur (Bosnia and Herzegovina) sinceMay 2010Mr. Osman El-Hajje (Lebanon) since August 2009

Independent Expert on the issue of humanrights obligations relating to the enjoyment of asafe, clean, healthy and sustainableenvironment

2012 Mr.John Knox (USA) since August 2012

Special Rapporteur onextrajudicial, summaryor arbitrary executions

1982 Mr. Christof Heyns (South Africa) since August 2010

Special Rapporteur onextreme poverty andhuman rights

1998 Ms. Mara Magdalena Seplveda Carmona (Chile) sinceMay 2008

Special Rapporteur on the right tofood 2000 Mr. Olivier De Schutter (Belgium) since May 2008Independent Expert on foreign debt and other

related international financial obligations ofStates on the full enjoyment of human rights,particularly economic, social and cultural rights

2000 Mr. Cephas Lumina (Zambia) since May 2008

Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom ofpeaceful assembly and of association

2010 Mr. Maina Kiai (Kenya) since May 2011

Special Rapporteur on the promotion andprotection of the right tofreedom of opinionand expression

1993 Mr. Frank William La Rue Lewy (Guatemala) sinceAugust 2008

Special Rapporteur onfreedom of religion orbelief

1986 Mr. Heiner Bielefeldt (Germany) since August 2010

Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone tothe enjoyment of the highest attainable standardof physical and mentalhealth

2002 Mr. Anand Grover (India) since August 2008

Special Rapporteur on the situation ofhumanrights defenders

2000 Ms. Margaret Sekaggya (Uganda) since May 2008

Special Rapporteur on theindependence ofjudges and lawyers

1994 Ms. Gabriela Knaul (Brazil) since June 2009

Special Rapporteur on the situation of humanrights and fundamental freedoms ofindigenous peoples

2001 Mr.James Anaya (United States of America) since May2008

Special Rapporteur on the human rights ofinternally displaced persons

2004 Mr. Chaloka Beyani (Zambia), since November 2010

Independent Expert on humanrightsandinternational solidarity

2005 Ms. Virginia Dandan (Philippines) since 1 August 2011

Working Group on the use ofmercenariesas ameans of violating human rights and impedingthe exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination

2005 Mr. Anton Katz (South Africa), Chair-Rapporteur, sinceAugust 2011Ms. Faiza Patel (Pakistan), since August 2010Ms. Patricia Arias (Chile), since August 2011Ms. Elzbieta Karska (Poland) since August 2011Mr. Gabor Rona (USA/Hungary) since August 2011

Special Rapporteur on the human rights ofmigrants

1999 Mr. Franois Crpeau (Canada) since August 2011

Independent Expert onminority issues 2005 Ms. Ms. Rita Izsak (Hungary) since August 2011Special Rapporteur on the promotion of truth,justice, reparation & guarantees on non-recurrence

2011 Mr. Pablo De Greiff (Colombia) since May 2012

Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms ofracism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and

related intolerance

1993 Mr. Mutuma Ruteere (Kenya) since November 2011

Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms ofslavery, including its causes and consequences

2007 Ms. Gulnara Shahinian (Armenia) since May 2008
http://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/education/rapporteur/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/education/rapporteur/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/education/rapporteur/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/disappear/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/disappear/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/disappear/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/disappear/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/executions/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/executions/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/executions/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/executions/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/poverty/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/poverty/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/food/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/food/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/food/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/development/debt/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/development/debt/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/development/debt/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/opinion/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/opinion/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/opinion/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/opinion/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/religion/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/religion/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/religion/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/religion/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/health/right/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/health/right/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/health/right/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/defenders/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/defenders/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/defenders/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/defenders/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/judiciary/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/judiciary/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/judiciary/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/judiciary/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/indigenous/rapporteur/http://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/idp/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/idp/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/isolidarity/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/isolidarity/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/isolidarity/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/isolidarity/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/isolidarity/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/isolidarity/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/isolidarity/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/isolidarity/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/mercenaries/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/mercenaries/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/mercenaries/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/migration/rapporteur/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/migration/rapporteur/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/minorities/expert/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/minorities/expert/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/minorities/expert/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/racism/rapporteur/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/racism/rapporteur/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/racism/rapporteur/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/minorities/expert/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/migration/rapporteur/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/mercenaries/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/isolidarity/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/isolidarity/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/idp/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/indigenous/rapporteur/http://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/judiciary/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/judiciary/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/defenders/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/defenders/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/health/right/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/religion/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/religion/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/opinion/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/opinion/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/development/debt/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/food/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/poverty/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/executions/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/executions/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/disappear/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/disappear/index.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/education/rapporteur/index.htm


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Special Rapporteur on the promotion andprotection of human rights and fundamentalfreedoms while counteringterrorism

2005 Mr. Ben Emmerson (United Kingdom of Great Britainand Northern Ireland) since August 2011

Special Rapporteur ontortureand other cruel,inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment

1985 Mr. Juan Ernesto Mndez (Argentina) since November2010

Special Rapporteur on the human rightsobligations related to environmentally soundmanagement and disposal of hazardoussubstances and wastes

1995 Mr. Marc Pallemaerts (Belgium) since October 2012

Special Rapporteur ontrafficking in persons,especially women and children

2004 Ms. Joy Ngozi Ezeilo (Nigeria) since August 2008

Working Group on transnational corporationsand other business enterprises

2011 Mr. Puvan Selvanathan (Malaysia), Chair-Rapporteur,since November 2011Mr. Michael K.Addo (Ghana) since November 2011Mr. PavelSulyandziga (Russian Federation) sinceNovember 2011Ms. AlexandraGuaqueta (Colombia/USA) sinceNovember 2011Ms. MargaretJungk (USA) since November 2011

Special Rapporteur on violence againstwomen,

its causes and consequences

1994 Ms. Rashida Manjoo (South Africa) since August 2009

Special Rapporteur on the human right to safedrinking waterand sanitation

2008 Ms. Catarina de Albuquerque (Portugal) sinceNovember 2009

Working Group on the issue of discriminationagainst women in law and in practice

2010 Ms. Kamala Chandrakirana (Indonesia), Chair-Rapporteur, since May 2011Ms. Emna Aouij (Tunisia) since May 2011Ms. Patricia Olamendi (Mexico) since October 2012Ms. Frances Raday (Israel/United Kingdom) since May2011Ms. Eleonora Zielinska (Poland) since May 2011

Statistics on Mandate Holders (as of 31 December 2012)

Mandate holders% Geographic

distribution

Regional Group Male Female Total

African Group 11 7 18 25%

Asian Group 8 6 14 19%

Eastern European Group (EEG) 2 6 8 11%

Latin American and Caribbean Group(GRULAC)

7 7 14 19%

Western European and Others Group(WEOG)

14 4 18 25%

TOTAL 42 30 72 100%

Gender composition 58% 42% 100%
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Regional distribution of mandate holders including gendercomposition (as of 31 December 2012)

For the current list of, and contact information for, Special Procedures mandates, please visit:

http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/SP/Pages/Countries.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/SP/Pages/Themes.aspx
http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/SP/Pages/Countries.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/SP/Pages/Countries.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/SP/Pages/Themes.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/SP/Pages/Themes.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/SP/Pages/Themes.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/SP/Pages/Countries.aspx


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DEVELOPMENTS IN 2012

New mandates

During 2012, the Council established three new specialprocedures mandates: an Independent Expert on the

issue of human rights obligations related to theenjoyment of a safe, clean, healthy and sustainableenvironment and two new country mandates, created toaddress the situations in Belarus and in Eritrea.

The Special Rapporteurs on these countries wereappointed at the 21st session of the Human RightsCouncil in September 2012.

The Special Rapporteur on Belarus has been mandatedby the Human Rights Council, inter alia, to assist theGovernment of Belarus in fulfilling its human rightsobligations; to offer support and advice to civil society;to seek, receive, examine and act on information from allrelevant stakeholders pertaining to the situation ofhuman rights in Belarus; and to report annually to theHuman Rights Council and to the General Assembly (seeHRC resolution 20/13 for full details).

The Special Rapporteur on Eritrea has been appointedfor a period of one year, to monitor implementation ofthe recommendations of the resolution setting up themandate and submit a report to the Human Rights

Council at its twenty-third session (see HRC resolution20/20 for full details).

In March 2012, the Human Rights Council establishedthe thematic mandate of the Independent Expert on theissue of human rights obligations relating to theenjoyment of a safe, clean, healthy and sustainableenvironment. The Independent expert was appointed atthe 20th session of the Council in June 2012. TheIndependent Expert has been mandated to, inter-alia,study in consultation with Governments, relevantinternational organizations and intergovernmentalbodies, including the United Nations Environment

Programme and relevant multilateral environmentagreements, human rights mechanisms, local authorities,national human rights institutions, civil societyorganizations, including those representing indigenouspeoples and other persons in vulnerable situations, the

private sector and academic institutions, the humanrights obligations, including non-discriminationobligations, relating to the enjoyment of a safe, clean,healthy and sustainable environment (see HRCresolution 19/10 for full details).

Mandate holders for the mandates of the SpecialRapporteur on the promotion of truth, justice, reparation& guarantees on non-recurrence and the IndependentExpert on the promotion of a democratic and equitableinternational order established in September 2011, wereappointed at the 19th session of the Human RightsCouncil in March 2012.

Country Visits and Standing Invitations

In 2012, Special Procedures conducted 80 country visitsto 55 States. Chad and Seychelles on 1 June and 5November 2012 respectively extended a standinginvitation to Special Procedures, bringing the total ofsuch invitations to 92 by the end of December 2012. (Seebelow).

Communications report

In 2012, the consolidated report on communications wassubmitted at each session of the Council. Thus threereports were issued that covered the period from 1 June2011 to 31 May 2012 for all communications sent andfrom 1 August 2011 to 31 July 2012 of all government

replies received. Given the significant percentage of jointcommunications (75%), the decision to issue thecommunications report proved to be a significantefficiency gain. The report reduced the number ofindividual reports presented to the Council and relatedprinting costs, as well as document processing costs byabout 75%.

Standard-setting

Special Procedures continued to contribute to thedevelopment of international human rights law. For

example, the Working Group on the use of mercenariesinformed discussions of the open-endedintergovernmental working group to consider thepossibility of elaborating an international regulatoryframework on the regulation, monitoring and oversightof the activities of private military and securitycompanies (OEIGWG). The Working Group presenteda submission to the OEIGWG identifying gaps ininternational law as it applies to private military andsecurity companies and arguing for a legally bindinginstrument regulating these activities. As part of thisprocess, the Working Group held roundtable discussionswith experts and civil society organizations on this topic.

Special procedures support the progressive developmentof international human rights law, notably throughstudies, consultations and the elaboration of guidelines

Meeting of the Human Rights Council in GenevaUN-Foto Jean-Marc Ferre


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or guiding principles by Special Rapporteurs in a varietyof specific areas.As examples, the Special Rapporteur on the right to foodpresented Guiding Principles on human rights impactassessments of trade and investment agreements to theCouncil in March 2012, the Independent Expert onforeign debt presented Guidelines on foreign debt andhuman rights to the Council in June 2012 (endorsed by

resolution 20/10) and the Special Rapporteur on extremepoverty presented Draft Guiding Principles on extremepoverty and human rights to the Council in September2012 (adopted by resolution 21/11).

The Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internallydisplaced persons has been actively engaged in both thepromotion and development of the African UnionConvention for the Protection and Assistance ofInternally Displaced Persons in Africa (KampalaConvention) since the process initiated in 2004. In thiscontext, over the past year the mandate has engagedwith regional bodies such as AU and the African

Parliamentary Union and with parliamentarians fromvarious AU Member States, corresponded with 20 Statesurging them to sign and deposit the instrument ofratification and has actively encouraged African states tobecome States parties during country visits and hasparticipated in the Friends of Kampala group whichseeks to coordinate actions to promote and facilitate theimplementation of the Kampala Convention. His effortscontributed to the adoption of this historic convention,the first ever binding regional instrument on internaldisplacement, which came into force on 6 December2012, providing specific human rights protection to theover 10 million internally displaced persons in Africa(2011). For details on the Kampala Convention see thelink http://www.internal-displacement.org/kampala-convention

Following Human Rights Council resolution 20/16adopted in July 2012, the Working Group on arbitrarydetention initiated preparation of the draft basicprinciples and guidelines on remedies and procedureson the right of anyone deprived of his or her liberty byarrest or detention to bring proceedings before court, inorder that the court may decide without delay on thelawfulness of his or her detention and order his or herrelease if the detention is not lawful. The Councilrequested the Working Group to prepare basic principles

and guidelines with the aim of assisting Member Statesin fulfilling their obligation to avoid arbitrarydeprivation of liberty in compliance with internationalhuman rights law. A report consisting of the draft basicprinciples and guidelines will be presented to theCouncil in 2015 after consultations with States and civilsociety organizations have been undertaken.

The Special Rapporteur on racism contributed tointernational human rights standards relating to theprohibition of incitement to national, racial or religioushatred by actively and substantively participating in thefinal expert meeting of the series of expert workshops on

the prohibition of incitement to national, racial orreligious hatred (Rabat, Morocco, 4- 5 October 2012). TheSpecial Rapporteur also advocated in his thematicreports, including to the General Assembly, for theratification of the International Convention on the

Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, whichtogether with the Durban Declaration and Programme ofAction, and the outcome document of the DurbanReview Conference constitute the most comprehensiveframework to fight against racism.

The Working Group on Enforced Disappearancesadopted two general comments on women affected by

enforced disappearances and children and enforceddisappearances during its 98th session in November2012.

Thematic Reports and Studies

In 2012, Special Procedures submitted 129 reports to theHuman Rights Council, including 60 on country visitsand 31 reports to the General Assembly, some of whichreceived considerable attention from States, civil societyand the media.

In 2012, the issue of the death penalty was analysed

through two thematic reports presented to the 67thsession of the General Assembly by Special Rapporteurson extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions and ontorture, (A/67/326 and A/67/328) and at a side-eventwith the participation of these rapporteurs intensifiedthe impact of their thematic reports and generatedfurther discussion in the light of the global trendstowards the abolition of the death penalty and possiblenew developments in law and practice.The report was preceded by an expert consultation onthe death penalty at Harvard Law School, USA, in June2012. The reports of the Special Rapporteur onextrajudicial executions stressed that countries whichhave not abolished it may only impose the death penaltyfor intentional killing offences. As novelties, the reportmentioned the need for transparency from Governmentson all information related to the imposition andimplementation of the death penalty, as well as raisedthe issue of complicity from third parties, includingabolitionist States, in instances of cooperation with theretentionist States.

In his first thematic report presented to the HumanRights Council in June 2012 (A/HRC/20/27), the SpecialRapporteur on the rights to freedom of peacefulassembly and of association identified, at the request ofthe Council, what he considers best practices that

promote and protect the rights to freedom of peacefulassembly and of association. Such practices/standardscontribute to raise the level of protection afforded byinternational norms and standards to both rights.

A listing of all reports and studies submitted by SpecialProcedures to the Human Rights Council and theGeneral Assembly is included below.

The universal periodic review mechanism (UPR) of theHuman Rights Council undertook the second review oftwenty eight (28) countries during 2012.Recommendations on cooperation with Special
http://www.internal-displacement.org/kampala-conventionhttp://www.internal-displacement.org/kampala-conventionhttp://www.internal-displacement.org/kampala-conventionhttp://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N12/469/82/pdf/N1246982.pdf?OpenElementhttp://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N12/469/82/pdf/N1246982.pdf?OpenElementhttp://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N12/469/82/pdf/N1246982.pdf?OpenElementhttp://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N12/470/32/pdf/N1247032.pdf?OpenElementhttp://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N12/470/32/pdf/N1247032.pdf?OpenElementhttp://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N12/470/32/pdf/N1247032.pdf?OpenElementhttp://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G12/135/86/pdf/G1213586.pdf?OpenElementhttp://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G12/135/86/pdf/G1213586.pdf?OpenElementhttp://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G12/135/86/pdf/G1213586.pdf?OpenElementhttp://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G12/135/86/pdf/G1213586.pdf?OpenElementhttp://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N12/470/32/pdf/N1247032.pdf?OpenElementhttp://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N12/469/82/pdf/N1246982.pdf?OpenElementhttp://www.internal-displacement.org/kampala-conventionhttp://www.internal-displacement.org/kampala-convention


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Procedures, both in general, and with respect to specificthematic mandates was reiterated in recommendationsmade to 18 of the countries reviewed. Recommendationsconcerning Special Procedures addressed a diversenumber of topics such as extending Standing Invitationsand implementation of the recommendations ofparticular mandates following country visits.

The following States reviewed acceptedrecommendations regarding Special Procedures:Bahrain, Benin, Ecuador, Gabon, Ghana, Guatemala,Haiti, India, Netherlands, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland,Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, Tunisia, United Kingdom,and Zimbabwe.

For further information on UPR:http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/UPR/Pages/UPRmain.aspx

Nineteenth Annual Meeting of Special

Procedures mandate-holdersThe nineteenth annual meeting of special procedureswas held from 11 to 15 June 2012. Mandate holdersexchanged views with the United Nations HighCommissioner for Human Rights and the President ofthe Human Rights Council. Meetings with a number ofstakeholders were held, including with representativesof States, the African Commission on Human andPeoples Rights, non-governmental organizations andnational human rights institutions. Human rightsmainstreaming was among the principal thematic issuesdiscussed.

Discussions focused on the independence of the specialprocedures, harmonization of working methods, andmeasures to enhance the engagement of mandate holderswith various stakeholders to strengthen theireffectiveness. The importance of increasing regular andextrabudgetary resources for special procedures wasstressed. The participants noted the creation of four newthematic and two country mandates by the HumanRights Council since the previous annual meeting, andwelcomed the new mandate holders participating in themeeting for the first time.

The Independent Expert on the situation of human rights

in Haiti, Michel Forst, was elected Chairperson of themeeting and the Coordination Committee. The SpecialRapporteur on the independence of judges and lawyers,Gabriela Knaul, was elected Rapporteur and member ofthe Coordination Committee. The Special Rapporteur onthe human rights of internally displaced persons,Chaloka Beyani, the Special Rapporteur on the humanrights of migrants, Franois Crpeau, and a member ofthe Working Group on the issue of human rights andtransnational corporations and other businessenterprises, Puvan J. Selvanathan, were endorsed asmembers of the Committee. Farida Shaheed, as formerChairperson, remained an ex officio member.

The report of the nineteenth Annual Meeting wassubmitted to the twenty-first session of the HumanRights Council of September 2012 (A/HRC/21/51).

For further information on the annual meetingof Special Procedures:http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/SP/AMeeting/Pages/19thsession.aspx

Coordination Committee

The Coordination Committee of Special Procedurescontinued to make itself available, through its internaladvisory procedure on practices and working methods,as well as informally, to all those who wish to bringissues to its attention in relation to working methods andthe implementation of the Code of Conduct. TheCoordination Committee participated in the specialsessions of the Human Rights Council and videomessages on behalf of the mandate holders weredelivered highlighting collective concern over the eventsin Syria. The Coordination Committee and the OHCHRalso provided induction sessions to new mandateholders in 2012.

The Coordination Committee submitted an open letteron 14 August to the high-level meeting of the UNGeneral Assembly on the rule of law at the national andinternational levels held on 24 September 2012. TheChair of the Coordination Committee, Farida Shaheed,participated in the discussion during the high level panelon human rights mainstreaming organized during theMarch session of the Human Rights Council,highlighting the contribution of the system of specialprocedures to the mainstreaming of human rights.

For further information on the CoordinationCommittee of Special Procedures:http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/chr/

special/ccspecialprocedures.htm

Minority Forum

The Fifth Forum on Minority Issues took place in Genevafrom 27 to 28 November 2012. The Forum was organizedunder the guidance of the Independent Expert onminority issues, Ms. Rita Izsk. The topic of the Forumwas "Implementing the Declaration on the Rights ofPersons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious andLinguistic Minorities: Identifying positive practices andopportunities". Approximately 500 participants attendedthe Forum, with some 60 Member States represented. Aspart of its efforts to attract a wider audience, the Forumon Minority Issues has made use of the social media,including Twitter and through the creation of a Google+circle for previous and current participants as well asinterested stakeholders. The secretariat of the Forumworked with colleagues from the Social Media Unit toorganize the Minority Forum Hangout which was thethird in a series of four Google+ hangouts leading-up toand culminating in a Hangout with the HighCommissioner for Human Rights on Human Rights Day.The documentation relating to the Forum can be found atthe 22nd session of the Human Rights Council(A/HRC/22/60).
http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/UPR/Pages/UPRmain.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/UPR/Pages/UPRmain.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/UPR/Pages/UPRmain.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/RegularSession/Session21/A-HRC-21-51_en.pdfhttp://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/RegularSession/Session21/A-HRC-21-51_en.pdfhttp://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/RegularSession/Session21/A-HRC-21-51_en.pdfhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/SP/AMeeting/Pages/19thsession.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/SP/AMeeting/Pages/19thsession.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/SP/AMeeting/Pages/19thsession.aspxhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/chr/special/docs/IAP_WorkingMethods.pdfhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/chr/special/docs/IAP_WorkingMethods.pdfhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/chr/special/docs/IAP_WorkingMethods.pdfhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/chr/special/docs/IAP_WorkingMethods.pdfhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/chr/special/ccspecialprocedures.htmhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/chr/special/ccspecialprocedures.htmhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/chr/special/ccspecialprocedures.htmhttp://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/RegularSession/Session22/AHRC2260_English.pdfhttp://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/RegularSession/Session22/AHRC2260_English.pdfhttp://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/RegularSession/Session22/AHRC2260_English.pdfhttp://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/RegularSession/Session22/AHRC2260_English.pdfhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/chr/special/ccspecialprocedures.htmhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/chr/special/ccspecialprocedures.htmhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/chr/special/docs/IAP_WorkingMethods.pdfhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/chr/special/docs/IAP_WorkingMethods.pdfhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/SP/AMeeting/Pages/19thsession.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/SP/AMeeting/Pages/19thsession.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/RegularSession/Session21/A-HRC-21-51_en.pdfhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/UPR/Pages/UPRmain.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/UPR/Pages/UPRmain.aspx


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Forum on Business and Human Rights

The first annual Forum on Business and Human Rights(4-5 December 2012, Geneva) brought togetherapproximately 1,000 participants from 85 countries,including 50 State delegations, 150 companies and 180civil society organizations, and other groups, with equal

participation of men and women. Participants includeddirectly affected stakeholders and their representatives,including many representatives of indigenous peoples.From the business sector, a number of majormultinational corporations from the mining, oil andenergy, technology, chemicals, banking and finance,electronics, and textiles industries participated.Participants also included 15 specialized agencies of theUnited Nations System, 17 representatives from inter-governmental organisations, 19 National Human RightsInstitutions, as well as organizations developingstandards related to business and human rights. Theexecutive summary of the discussions held during the 21substantive sessions of the Forum was prepared by thechairperson of the Forum. And materials includingsession concept notes, statements received, writtensubmissions and video recordings are accessible on theForum website:http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Business/Pages/ForumonBusinessandHR2012.aspx

Database of the Working Group onArbitrary Detention

Throughout 2012, the Working Group receivedinformation that the database was being increasinglyused by various stakeholders, including States and civilsociety organizations. The database provides a practicalresearch tool for victims, lawyers, academics and others,who would like to prepare and submit cases of allegedarbitrary deprivation of liberty to the Working Group. InNovember 2011, the Working Group launched thedatabase, accessible at:http://www.unwgaddatabase.org/un/, which is afreely and publicly available compilation of its opinions.

The database provides over 600 opinions in English,French and Spanish that have been adopted since theestablishment of the Working Group in 1991.

High-level panel on reprisals

The Secretary-Generals report to the Council onreprisals against persons who have cooperated with theUN and mechanisms in the field of human rights wassubmitted to the Council at its twenty-first session.During 2012, information was received about acts ofintimidation or reprisal following cooperation withOHCHR, the Human Rights Council, special procedures,human rights treaty bodies, the universal periodicreview mechanism and United Nations peace missions.The report contains information on cases of reprisalswhich were documented and corroborated throughmultiple sources and assessed for reliability andconsistency. The report also contains information aboutcases which were mentioned in previous Secretary-General reports.At the opening of the 21st session of the Human RightsCouncil, the Secretary-General referred to reprisals asone of the five challenges faced by the Council and urgedStates to send a strong signal that there can be noimpunity for reprisals and intimidation against thosewho advocate for human rights, including throughcooperation with the United Nations. The HighCommissioner said that unless halted and sanctioned,reprisals undermine the ability of civil society and otheractors to engage with the UN to promote human rights.The President recalled that observers, and Members,should be able to contribute to the work of the Council

and recalled that the Council has strongly rejected anyact of intimidation or reprisal against individuals andgroups who cooperate or have cooperated with theUnited Nations, its representatives and mechanisms inthe field of human rights. The Council also held a panelon this issue on 13 September. During the discussion,several concrete proposals were made to addressreprisals. A summary of the panel, includingrecommendations made by participants, will bepresented to the 22nd session of the Council.
http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Business/Pages/ForumonBusinessandHR2012.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Business/Pages/ForumonBusinessandHR2012.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Business/Pages/ForumonBusinessandHR2012.aspxhttp://www.unwgaddatabase.org/un/http://www.unwgaddatabase.org/un/http://www.unwgaddatabase.org/un/http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Business/Pages/ForumonBusinessandHR2012.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Business/Pages/ForumonBusinessandHR2012.aspx


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COMMUNICATIONS

2012 Basic Figures

603 Total number of communications sent74.3% Joint communications by two or more

mandates1512 Individuals covered (20% women)127 Countries which received communicationsBy 31 December 2012, States had replied to40.1 % of communications.

N.B. These statistics do not include data from the Working

Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances (WGEID)which uses different working methods. In the reporting period

from 12 November 2011 to 9 November 2012, covered in the2012 annual report, the Working Group transmitted 208 new

cases of enforced disappearance to 21 States. For further

information about WGEID activities, please see the WGEIDwebpage:

http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Disappearances/Pages/DisappearancesIndex.aspx

Most Special Procedures intervene directly withGovernments through communications on specificallegations of human rights violations that fall withintheir mandates. These communications can relate to ahuman rights violation that has already occurred, is on-going, or which has a high risk of taking place.Communications may be sent in relation to individualsor groups of individuals, or focus on domesticlegislation, policies, programmes or other measuresaffecting individuals or groups in a particular country orterritory.In general, a letter is sent to the concerned Stateor in some cases to third parties, such as internationalorganizations or multinational corporations, requestinginformation on the allegation and calling for preventiveor investigative action.

The decision to intervene is at the discretion of thespecial procedure mandate-holder and depends oncriteria established by the mandate, and that laid out inthe Code of Conduct for Special Procedures adopted bythe Human Rights Council (Resolution 5/2). Thesecriteria include the reliability of the source and thecredibility of information; the details provided; and thescope of the mandate. Communications must not bepolitically motivated, abusive or based solely on media

reports. Further information is frequently requested fromsources, i.e. individuals, groups or organizations thatsubmit information to the Special Procedures. Mandatesmay send joint communications when the case fallswithin the scope of more than one mandate.

Communications will usually take the form of eitherurgent appeals (UA) or letters of allegation (AL). Urgentappeals are used to communicate information abouttime-sensitive violations that involve loss of life, life-threatening situations or imminent or on-going damageof a grave nature. The intention is to ensure that theappropriate State authorities are informed as quickly as

possible of the circumstances so that they can interveneto end or prevent an alleged human rights violation.

Letters of allegation are used to communicateinformation about violations that are alleged to haveoccurred or are not urgent, and whose impact on thealleged victim(s) can no longer be changed throughimmediate intervention. Since 2011, special proceduresare using a third form of communication called Otherletters that convey requests for information, withoutany allegation of violations.

In the past, Special Procedures mandates submitted tothe Human Rights Council, on an annual basis,individual reports on their communications with States.During 2012, three joint communications reports weresubmitted by all concerned mandates to the Council toeach of its sessions.

Communications by type 2012

In 2012, 603 Communications were sent to 127 States.

74.3% of all communications were sent jointly by morethan one mandate. Communications covered at least1512 individuals, 20% of whom were women.Governments replied to 40% of communications sentbetween 1 January and 31 December 2012, and 31.01 % ofcommunications were followed-up by mandate-holders.The OHCHRs Special Procedures Branch QuickResponse Desk coordinates the work relating tocommunications and keeps relevant databases updated.

Communications by sex 2012

For more info:http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/chr/

special/docs/communicationsbrochure_en.pdf
http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Disappearances/Pages/DisappearancesIndex.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Disappearances/Pages/DisappearancesIndex.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Disappearances/Pages/DisappearancesIndex.aspxhttp://undocs.org/A/HRC/RES/5/2&Lang=Ehttp://undocs.org/A/HRC/RES/5/2&Lang=Ehttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/chr/special/docs/communicationsbrochure_en.pdfhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/chr/special/docs/communicationsbrochure_en.pdfhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/chr/special/docs/communicationsbrochure_en.pdfhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/chr/special/docs/communicationsbrochure_en.pdfhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/chr/special/docs/communicationsbrochure_en.pdfhttp://undocs.org/A/HRC/RES/5/2&Lang=Ehttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Disappearances/Pages/DisappearancesIndex.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Disappearances/Pages/DisappearancesIndex.aspx


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Communications and follow-up by type of communication in 2012

Communications and follow-up of communications by region in 2012

-

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Africa Asia-Pacific Europe,

North

America and

Central Asia

Latin America

and the

Caribbean

Middle East

and Northern

Africa

Other

Communications Follow-up Further information Government replies


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Communications and Government replies received in 2012(States to which more than six communications were sent)


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COUNTRY VISITSMandate-holders carry out country visits to see thesituation of human rights on the ground. Visit requestsare communicated to Governments and, if theGovernment agrees, an invitation is extended and datesare agreed. Standing invitations facilitate country visits.

The number of country visits has increased significantlyover the last years, from 48 visits to 38 States andterritories in 2006, to 80 visits to 55 States and territoriesin 2012. The number of visits undertaken annually hasbeen around 80 over the last three years. 51 percent of allvisits in 2012 were undertaken to States that had issuedstanding invitations, and 49 percent of visits were toStates that had not issued standing invitations.

During visits, the experts assess, from the point of viewof their mandates, the general human rights situation inthe country, as well as the specific institutional, legal,judicial, policy and administrative framework and de

facto conditions. They meet with national and localauthorities, including members of the judiciary andparliamentarians; members of national human rightsinstitutions, if applicable; non-governmentalorganizations, civil society organizations and victims ofhuman rights violations; the United Nations and otherinter-governmental agencies; and the media when givinga press conference at the end of the mission. After theirvisits, mandate-holders submit a report to the HumanRights Council containing their findings andrecommendations.

Mr. James Anaya, Special Rapporteur on the rights ofindigenous peoples, during his visit to Namibia at aresettlement camp of Hai//om San in and around theEtosha National Park.

Mr Michel Forst, Independent Expert on the humanrights situation in Haiti during his country visit.

The visit of the Independent Expert on minoritiesprovides an example of the impact Special Proceduresvisits can have on improving the protection of humanrights in a country. The Government of Colombiainformed the Independent Expert on minority issues in2012 that it had adopted a comprehensive anti-discrimination law in late 2011, in line with a keyrecommendation of the mandate following a countryvisit in 2010.

Following the visit of the Special Rapporteur on the saleof children, child prostitution and child pornography toHonduras from 30 August to 7 September 2012, and in

line with her recommendations, the Governmentadopted a law in November 2012 to review all legislationrelating to child protection in order to harmonize it withinternational standards and improve child protection.

On 5 and 6 March 2012, in Lima, Peru, the SpecialRapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples met withindigenous representatives and representatives of theCongress of Peru to discuss the principle of free, priorand informed consent of the indigenous people in thecontext of extractive industries. His intervention helpedto provide guidance on the principle of consultation andconsent with indigenous peoples and address concerns

regarding a draft regulation on consultation withindigenous peoples, which was subsequently adopted bythe Government of Peru.

Tables of country visits by Special Proceduresmandate-holders since 1998 and a list of allcountries having extended standing invitationsto all thematic procedures are available at thefollowing link:http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/chr/special/countryvisitsa-e.htm
http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/chr/special/visits.htmhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/chr/special/countryvisitsa-e.htmhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/chr/special/countryvisitsa-e.htmhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/chr/special/countryvisitsa-e.htmhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/chr/special/countryvisitsa-e.htmhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/chr/special/countryvisitsa-e.htmhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/chr/special/visits.htm


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Standing Invitations

The following 92 countries had extended a standing invitation to Special Procedures as of 31 December 2012.Countries that extended standing invitations during 2012 are marked with an asterisk (*).

ALBANIAANDORRAARGENTINAARMENIAAUSTRALIAAUSTRIABELGIUMBOLIVIABRAZILBOSNIA ANDHERZEGOVINABULGARIACANADACHAD*CHILECOLOMBIACOSTA RICACROATIACYPRUSCZECH REPUBLICDENMARKECUADOREL SALVADORESTONIA

FINLANDFRANCEGEORGIAGERMANYGHANAGREECEGUATEMALAGUINEA-BISSAUHONDURASHUNGARYICELANDINDIAIRELANDIRANIRAQITALYJAPANJORDANKAZAKHSTANKUWAITLATVIALEBANONLIECHTENSTEIN

LITHUANIALUXEMBOURGMADAGASCARMALDIVESMALTAMARSHALL ISLANDSMEXICOMONACOMONGOLIAMONTENEGRONAURUNETHERLANDSNEW ZEALANDNICARAGUANORWAYPALAUPANAMAPAPUA NEW GUINEAPARAGUAYPERUPOLANDPORTUGALQATAR

REPUBLIC OF KOREAREPUBLIC OF MOLDOVAROMANIARWANDASAN MARINOSERBIASEYCHELLES*SIERRA LEONESLOVAKIASLOVENIASOUTH AFRICASPAINSWEDENSWITZERLANDTHAILANDTHE FORMER YUGOSLAVREPUBLIC OF MACEDONIATUNISIATURKEYUKRAINEUNITED KINGDOMURUGUAYVANUATUZAMBIA

Follow-up to Special Proceduresrecommendations

Follow-up visits to countries: The Special Rapporteuron the sale of children, child prostitution and childpornography conducted a follow-up visit to Guatemalafrom 20 to 29 August 2012, the second visit to thecountry since her predecessors visit in 1999. The SRsvisit provided an opportunity for review of legislation,policies and institutions working in the area ofprotection of children from sale, prostitution andpornography, and of child rights policies more generallyput in place since her predecessor's visit in 1999. During

the visit the Government committed itself to carry out aglobal assessment of all existing child protection laws,policies, strategies and programmes, with a view toidentifying the main issues relating to child protectionand establishing comprehensive, child-rights based andsustainable child protection systems, accessible to allchildren.

Follow-up reports: The Working Group on enforceddisappearances has published two follow-up reports toits country visit reports on Colombia and Nepal in 2012.Similarly, the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial,summary and arbitrary executions presented follow-upreports to its country visit reports on Colombia, DRC,and USA at the HRC20. All follow-up reports assessedthe degree of implementation of the recommendationsissued in the original country visit reports in order to

recognize positive steps taken to comply withrecommendations to improve the protection of humanrights and also to note areas where concerns persist.

The Special Rapporteur on torture conducted a follow-up country visit to Kyrgyzstan in May 2012 to participatein a round-table meeting on torture prevention inKyrgyzstan. The meeting, held in Bishkek, concerned theimplementation of recommendations contained in hisreport on his mission to Kyrgyzstan in December 2011.Following the country visit, an Action Plan onPrevention of Torture (based on the SR'srecommendations) was prepared by OHCHR at the

request of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and theGeneral Prosecutor's office has indicated it will take thelead on implementing it once adopted by the Office ofthe President. It is hoped the Action Plan will assist theGovernment of the Kyrgyz Republic in is reporting to theUN Committee against Torture in 2013.

The SR on extreme poverty presented her annualreport to the HRC in June 2012, which assessed progressin the implementation of her recommendations tocountries she had visited in recent years, includingEcuador (November 2008), Zambia (August 2009),

Bangladesh (December 2009), Viet Nam (August 2010)and Ireland (January 2011).


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POSITIVE DEVELOPMENTS

Chile: In January 2012, the Special Rapporteur on theright to freedom of opinion and expression; the SpecialRapporteur on the situation of human rights defendersand the Special Rapporteur on the rights to peacefulassembly and association sent a joint allegation letter toChile on the draft Law on Strengthening the Preservationof Public Order (Proyecto de Ley que Fortalece elResguardo del Orden Pblico) raising concerns aboutalleged restrictions to the rights to freedom of expressionand peaceful assembly that could result from the draftlaw.The Government of Chile sent two responses (March andSeptember 2012) informing about positive changes in thedraft legislation which took into account the concernsexpressed by the three mandate-holders. The changesconcerning article 269 of the Criminal Code restrictedcriminal liability to those responsible of grave public

disorder which will now include violence against orintimidation of persons. Additionally, the provisionwhereby a person who organized a peaceful protestwithout the intention of promoting or initiating acts ofviolence could face criminal charges if the protest turnedviolent was eliminated. Changes related to article 89 ofthe Criminal Procedure Code eliminated all references tothe authority given to the police to establish the existenceand location of all visual recordings and materials whichcould contribute to clarify facts that might constitute acrime.While welcoming these positive developments, the

Special Rapporteurs reiterated to the Government theirconcerns about other provisions of the draft legislationwhich were still vague and could lead to arbitraryrestrictions to the rights to freedom of expression andpeaceful assembly.

Islamic Republic of Iran: Ms. Sakineh Mohammadi-Ashtiani, sentenced to death for alleged adultery andparticipation in the murder of her husband, was subjectof several Urgent Appeals in 2010. In July 2012, theGovernment of Iran informed the SR that, on orders fromthe Chief of the Judiciary, the execution of Ms. Ashtianiwas halted.

Mr. Yousef Nadarkhani, a pastor imprisoned in Iransince October 2009 and sentenced to death for apostasyin October 2010, was released on 8 September 2012, aftera court hearing which led to the withdrawal of hisconviction for apostasy. He reportedly was reunited withhis family shortly afterwards. Mr. Nadarkhani wassubject of two joint urgent appeals, including by theSpecial Rapporteur on freedom of religion and beliefdated 30 December 2010 and 26 July 2011.

Island of Jersey: On 20 October 2012, the Island of Jerseyadopted new legislation banning so-called vulture

funds from using the island's courts to sue the world'spoorest countries for historic debts. Vulture funds, whichbuy up poor nations' debts on the cheap before suingthem for up to 100 times the original amount, hadattempted to take cases to Jersey afterBritish lawbanned

the practice in April 2010. The Debt Relief Law(Developing Countries) was adopted by the parliamentof the Island after the Independent Expert on foreigndebt and human rights had made a submission to thelaw making process and calling on the Island of Jersey tofollow the example of the United Kingdom.

Ms. Maria Magdalena Sepulveda Carmona, SpecialRapporteur on extreme poverty, during her visit toNamibia October 2012

Mauritania: Following an urgent appeal sent to theGovernment of Mauritania on 3 January 2012 in whichthe Special Rapporteur on the independence of judgesand lawyers expressed concern regarding disciplinaryprocedures initiated against five magistrates, andrequested the Government to reinstate them in their

position, two of the five magistrates who were thesubject of an appeal were reportedly reinstated in theirfunctions and two others who had been downgradedwere promoted.

Mexico: On 30 August 2012, the Working Group onArbitrary Detention adopted Opinion No. 33/2012(Mexico) concerning Mr. Hugo Snchez Ramrez whohad been arrested and detained since 21 July 2007. TheWorking Group considered the detention of Mr. Ramrezarbitrary and called on the Government of Mexico torelease him and provide him with appropriate damages.In October 2012, the Supreme Court ordered the releaseof Mr. Ramrez. The Working Group receivedinformation that its Opinion had been used in thesubmissions made to the Supreme Court on behalf of Mr.Ramrez.

Kenya: The Special Rapporteur on the human rights ofinternally displaced persons has actively engaged withthe Government of Kenya and other key nationalstakeholders on the development of a nationalframework on internal displacement. The mandate hascontributed to the development of a national policy aswell as a national bill on internally displaced persons,

which was passed by Parliament and receivedpresidential assent on 31 December 2012.


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Moldova: The Special Rapporteur on the right to healthsent an allegation letter to the Government of Moldovain June 2011 concerning the 2007 Law on prophylaxis ofHIV/AIDS infection, which allegedly did not adequatelyaddress serious violations of privacy, confidentiality anddata protection of patients.The Government of Moldova replied in September 2011,

confirming that modifications of the Law wouldcontribute to the realization of the right to privacy andnon-discrimination of people living with HIV/AIDS. On22 June 2012, Moldova decided to strengthenprohibitions on HIV-related discrimination in theworkplace and remove mandatory HIV testing for non-nationals and for couples before marriage. On 4December 2012, the Government acted on issues raisedby the Special Rapporteur, followed up by the OHCHRfield office and the UNCT, to improve privacy,confidentiality and data protection for persons livingwith HIV/AIDS, by ordering removal of the possibilityof access to personal data by epidemiologists, and set out

that the family doctor may only have access to thepersonal files of the person concerned with her informedconsent (opt-in modalities). This marks significantprogress in promoting human rights in Moldova, giventhe results of a recent survey indicated that 69 per cent ofpersons living with HIV reported that theirconfidentiality had previously been violated.

Sudan: The Special Rapporteurs on racism, freedom ofpeaceful assembly and association, health, human rightsdefender, independence of judges and lawyers andtorture along with the Working Group on Arbitrary

Detention sent a joint urgent appeal on 8 June 2012 thatcontributed to the decision of the Attorney GeneralsProsecution Office in Sudan to release a human rightsdefender who was a member of an organization thatprovided humanitarian assistance.

Thailand: Following the visit of the Special Rapporteuron trafficking to Thailand in August 2011, theGovernment of Thailand prepared legislation, the draftAnti-Transnational Organized Crime Act, in order toratify the UN Convention against TransnationalOrganized Crime and Protocols Thereto, including theTrafficking Protocol, in line with the SpecialRapporteurs recommendation to ratify the TraffickingProtocol.

United States of America: An Urgent Appeal was senton 5 June 2012 to the Government of the United States of

America regarding the case of Mr. Abdul Hamin Awkal,a Lebanese national alleged to be mentally ill, andreportedly scheduled for imminent execution on 6 June2012, in the State of Ohio. Media reports indicate that Mr.Awkal was not executed on 6 June, after the Governor ofOhio granted a last-minute reprieve in the evening of 5June 2012. The reprieve was granted for two weeks to

examine the state of mental health of Mr. Awkal. Later inthe summer of 2012, the Governor of Ohio commuted thedeath sentence of Mr. Awkal.

Other: The Special Rapporteur on the right to water andsanitation conducted extensive work with theUNICEF/WHO Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) tointegrate human rights perspectives in the redesignedstatistical indicators that will be used to monitorachievement of targets set for the water, sanitation andhygiene sectors in the post-2015 development agenda.Other UN and bilateral development actors welcomedthe work in this area and endorsed the proposals

emanating from the three different Task Forces set up byJMP during 2012. She also focused her 2012 annualreport to the GA on the need for post-2015 goals tointegrate both a specific goal on access to water andsanitation and one on the elimination of discriminationand inequality.

The Special Rapporteur on racism succeeded in drawinginternational attention to the issue of racism in sport inthe context of the 2012 UEFA Football championship,including through a thematic report submitted to theHuman Rights Council. This led to enhanced

cooperation between the mandate and entities such asthe International Olympic Committee and the UN Officeon Sport for Development and Peace Office.

In October 2012, the Special Rapporteur on the right tofood and the Special Rapporteur on extreme povertyreleased together a proposal for establishment of aGlobal Fund for Social Protection that attractedconsiderable interest from a range of partners, includingthe ILO. Notably, the proposal was presented to the 39thsession of the Committee on World Food Security inRome, October 2012, leading the Committee to endorsespecific recommendations highlighting the role ofinternational cooperation in reinforcing national actionsto implement sustainable social protection programmesand systems and underlining that social protectionprogrammes for food security and nutrition should beguided by human rights norms and standards.


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REPORTS

Special Procedures report on their activities to theHuman Rights Council and the General Assembly. Somereports are presented to other bodies, e.g. the SpecialRapporteur on violence against women reports orally tothe Commission on the Status of Women each year.

In 2012, Special Procedures mandates submitted 129reports to the nineteenth, twentieth and twenty-firstsessions of the Human Rights Council and 32 reports tothe sixty-seventh session of the General Assembly.These reports included 60 reports on country visits.

Responses received from States on the recommendationsmade in the reports of special procedures mandate

holders following the country visits were also submittedto the Council.

The reports of the Special Procedures to theHuman Rights Council can be found at:

http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/SP/Pages/AnnualreportsHRC.aspx

Reports to the General Assembly are accessibleat:http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/SP/Pages/GAReports.aspx

REPORTS TO THE HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL

Symbol number Title of document Languages

19th Session

A/HRC/19/44 Communications Report of Special Procedures E/F/Sonly

A/HRC/19/53 Report of the SR on adequate housingas a component of the right to anadequate standard of living and on the right to non-discrimination inthis context

EFSRCA

A/HRC/19/53/Add.2 Addendum -Mission to Algeria EFSRCA

A/HRC/19/53/Add.3 Addendum - Mission en Algrie: Commentaires de l'Etat sur le rapportde la Rapporteuse spciale

Fonly

A/HRC/19/54 Report of the SR on the human rights of internally displaced persons EFSRCA

A/HRC/19/54/Add.1 Addendum -Mission to the Maldives EFSRCA

A/HRC/19/54/Add.2 Addendum -Mission to Kenya EFSRCA

A/HRC/19/55 Report of the SR on the situation of human rights defenders EFSRCA

A/HRC/19/55/Add.1 Addendum -Mission to India EFSRCA

A/HRC/19/55/Add.2 Addendum - Observations on communications E/F/Sonly

A/HRC/19/56 Report of the IE on minority issues EFSRCA

A/HRC/19/56/Add.1 Addendum -Mission to Rwanda EFSRCA

A/HRC/19/56/Add.2 Addendum -Mission to Bulgaria EFSRCA

A/HRC/19/56/Add.2/Corr.1 Corrigendum EFSRCA

A/HRC/19/57 Report of the WG on Arbitrary Detention EFSRCAA/HRC/19/57/Add.1 Addendum - Opinions adopted by the Working Group on Arbitrary

DetentionEFSRCA

A/HRC/19/57/Add.2 Addendum -Mission to Georgia EFSRCA

A/HRC/19/57/Add.3 Addendum -Mission to Germany EFSRCA

A/HRC/19/57/Add.4 Addendum -Mission to Georgia: comments by the State on the report of theWorking Group

Eonly

A/HRC/19/58/Rev.1 Report of the WG on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances EF S RCA

A/HRC/19/58/Add.1 Addendum -Mission to Timor-Leste EFSRCA

A/HRC/19/58/Add.2 Addendum -Mission to Mexico EFSRCA

A/HRC/19/58/Add.3 Addendum -Mission to Congo EFSRCA

A/HRC/19/58/Add.4 Addendum - Follow-up to country missions E/SonlyA/HRC/19/59 Report of the SR on the right to food EFSRCA

A/HRC/19/59/Corr.1 Corrigendum Eonly

A/HRC/19/59/Corr.2 Corrigendum Fonly
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