Establishing Peace Unit 2.1. Unit 2.1 Establishing Peace What is required from your syllabus: Were...

Establishing Peace

Unit 2.1

Unit 2.1 Establishing Peace

What is required from your syllabus: Were the hopes of the world in preventing another

world war fulfilled in the 1920s? Peace Making:

Treaty of Versailles: its intent and German reaction

League of Nations: reasons for its formation; successes and failures in the 1920s

Disarmament: role of the USA Re-construction and Recovery: aid to

Germany


You must be able to: Analyse the intent of the Treaty of Versailles

and German reaction to the treaty Examine the reasons for the formation of the

League of Nations and its role in promoting world peace in the 1920s

Explain the efforts of disarmament in the 1920s

Analyse the effectiveness of aid given to Germany


Concepts you must learn: Collective Security Cause and Consequence Disarmament

Look up these terms on the Internet. After you have found the definition for the terms,

summarise the definition into an easily understandable and memorable sentence.

You have 10 minutes. Work in pairs. Post them into Wordpress.


Values: Self-reliance Resourcefulness Determination Strategic and Economic Survival Patriotism Loyalty

Do the same for this slide. You have 10 minutes.


Essay Assignment (2192/3 Specimen Paper) which is due in 2 parts: Part 1 (Due on Term 1 (Week 10) Lesson

How far was the desire to punish Germany the main motive of the Allies in deciding the Terms of the Treaty of Versailles? Explain your answer. (12m)

Part 2 (Due on Term 2 (Week 1) Lesson “Germany’s reactions to the Treaty of Versailles

were unreasonable.” How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. (13m)


Germany agreed to a CEASEFIRE and ARMISTICE (Agreement to STOP WAR to conduct PEACE TALKS) on 11 November 1918 (Armistice Day)

Allied Powers (Winners) called for Peace Talks in 1919 in Paris (hence, Paris Peace Conference) held at Versailles Palace (hence, Versailles Treaty)

The fate of Germany and Austria-Hungary was to be decided

Hall of Mirrors, 1919

Hall of Mirrors,Present Day


In pairs, find out the significance behind holding the Paris Peace Conference at the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles Palace…

Question:

Study the map carefully. What can you infer about the results of the Treaty of Versailles? Explain your answer. (5m)

Question:

Compare this map and the previous one carefully. What can you infer about the results of the Treaty of Versailles? Explain your answer. (5m)

Soldiers lying deadin trenches…

A casualty of war…

Destruction in the Belgian town of Ypres

Grenade blast and devastationIn Verdun, France, WW1

Devastation of FrenchLand, following WWI

Results of World War One

Bloody War 8 Million Dead 21 Million Injured Britain had the largest

number of casualties Germany had the second

highest number of casualties

Many soldiers were also physically maimed


Costly War France lost

250,000 buildings and its countryside was almost entirely devastated by warfare


Economic Problems Countries were in debt Food shortages Increasing Prices

Inflation Factories are not producing goods

Shortage of Goods Increasing Prices Inflation

Shortage of funds to pay for repairs to damaged infrastructure (e.g. factories unemployment)


Political Change German and

Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed

Russia became a Communist-ruled country


The USA: Due to it’s late entry into WW1, the USA

suffered the least damage and the least loss of life

It’s factories were not totally used for war production so it could go back to producing non-war consumer goods

It was financially stable – able to lend money to the broke Allied powers.

Unit 2.1 Establishing Peace Before we begin on looking at the chapter proper, answer these

questions briefly in your history groups: Who was guilty of starting the War? Should Germany be forced to pay for all the damage done

by the Great War? Why? What should be done about Germany’s armed forces? What should be done about Germany’s colonies overseas? Should territory be taken away from Germany? Why? What are you going to do to keep peace in the world in the

future?

There is no RIGHT or WRONG answer in this portion, just answer these questions based on the slides you just examined on the RESULTS OF WORLD WAR ONE

You have 30 minutes. Please upload your answers together with your names.

FEELINGS AFTER WWI

British people were angry with Germany - wanted to PUNISH Germany HARSHLY

FRANCE HATED Germany and wanted REVENGE

People of EASTERN EUROPE (THE BALKANS) - wanted to build new nations and RULE THEMSELVES

Russia - wanted to get back the land Germany took

FEELINGS AFTER WW1

ONLY USA wanted PEACE in Europe

German soldiers - angry with their government - DID NOT believe Germany lost the war

Germans - felt humiliated by the defeat - BLAMED the new government for agreeing to the ceasefire

HUMILIATED = ashamed

Analysing Sources

Source-based questions - Answer must USE the source as EVIDENCE

What YOU KNOW about the TOPIC - helps you focus on what is IMPORTANT in the

source - UNDERSTAND the source and INFER from the

source TO ANSWER THE QUESTION!!!

GIVING HIM ROPE?

German criminal (to Allied Police): Here, I say, stop! You’re hurting me!

[Aside] If I only whine enough I may be able to wriggle out of this yet!

Source A: This cartoon appeared in a British magazine, Punch in 19 Feb 1919.

What can you infer about British attitude towards Germany from the source? (5m)

Source B: British Empire Union cartoon, 1919. The British Empire Union was a pressure group which campaigned for people to buy British Empire goods

What can you infer about British attitude towards Germany from Source B? (5m)

PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE 1919WHO ATTENDED: BIG 3 met at Versailles in Paris

to discuss how to deal with defeated powers and draw up a treaty to end the war

Britain - PM Lloyd George France - PM George Clemenceau USA - President Woodrow Wilson

TREATY = CONTRACT or AGREEMENT


The Big Three: Britain (Lloyd George) France (Georges Clemenceau) USA (Woodrow Wilson

PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE 1919NOT PRESENT: Russia - not TRUSTED -

became a Communist country after 1917 - withdrew from war half-way

Germany - defeated power - so not represented - not CONSULTED - no CHOICE but to ACCEPT TREATY

TREATY = CONTRACT or AGREEMENT

CONSULTED = ASKED

AIMS OF BIG 3

USA: WOODROW WILSON: Idealist - wanted to make sure there

would be PEACE and a FAIR and JUST treaty through the principles of his 14 POINTS

Wanted to set up a LEAGUE OF NATIONS - an international organisation to ensure that members settle conflicts without going to war

IDEALIST = someone who believe in finding the perfect solution

AIMS OF BIG 3

USA: WOODROW WILSON: Wanted SELF-DETERMINATION

for all countries Opposed -victorious countries

taking away territories from Germany

Wanted Germany punished BUT NOT HUMILIATED

SELF -DETERMINATION = countries have the right to RULE themselves or have a say in the government

AIMS OF BIG 3BRITAIN: Lloyd George: Wanted - to make sure that German NAVY

would not be a THREAT to British NAVY Worried that HARSH treaty would make

Germany want to take REVENGE in future Also worried that if Germany become too

WEAK and POOR - would turn to Communism

AIMS OF BIG 3

BUT - British people wanted Germany PUNISHED HARSHLY - Britain suffered badly during war - slogans like ‘Hang the Kaiser’, ‘Make Germany Pay’ were common in Britain.

He was shrewd politician - needed to keep PROMISE to British people who VOTED for him

SHREWD = CLEVER / CUNNING

AIMS OF BIG 3FRANCE: GEORGE CLEMENCEAU: HATED Germany and wanted her

CRIPPLED(destroyed and weakened) so badly = never be a THREAT to France again

Because = Germany had invaded France twice, 1870 and 1914 so wanted to make sure this would not happen again

Wanted REVENGE - Much of war taken place in France, with terrible damages and 1.5 million soldiers died

AIMS OF BIG 3FRANCE: GEORGE CLEMENCEAU: SO he wanted to PUNISH Germany

HARSHLY and to COMPENSATE for the damages! - Germany to PAY HUGE REPARATIONS

WEAKEN Germany - taking away territories

France to get back lost territories from Germany - Alsace and Lorraine

COMPENSATE = Pay for damages

REPARATIONS = MONEY to paid to compensate

ITALY: ORLANDO: FORMER ally of GERMANY Switched sides during war Wanted to gain more

TERRITORIES He was an OPPORTUNIST

OPPORTUNIST = someone who wanted to take advantage of situation and gain something from it

THEREFORE, the Versailles Treaty was a DIFFICULT treaty to NEGOTIATE because:

-the BIG 3 did not AGREE with each other

- and had different AIMS and PRIORITIES and often CLASHED over many issues

The Versailles treaty was THUS a result of COMPROMISE!

NEGOTIATE = DISCUSS

PRIORITIES = MOST IMPORTANT AIMS

CLASHED = Disagree

COMPROMISE = GIVING in to each other and bargaining

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