Establishing a Lawn Lawns are a major part of the home landscape.
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Transcript of Establishing a Lawn Lawns are a major part of the home landscape.
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Establishing a Lawn
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Establishing a LawnLawns are a major part of
the home landscape
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Reasons for Establishment
Ad beauty to the landscapeUsed as play areas for
sports or for relaxationProvide cover to help
control soil erosion
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Soil and GradingFirst consideration is the
present condition of the soil
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Questions to ask:Has the builder graded off all
of the topsoil?Is the slope too steep to
establish a lawn and mow it safely?
Is drainage adequate?
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GradeBuilder will establish the
rough gradeUsually slopes away from
foundationSix inches of top soil should
be spread over the surface
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GradeTopsoil is tilled to loosen
and break up clods
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SlopeGeneral slope for the lawn
after the topsoil is spread should not exceed 15%
Slopes greater than 15% are unsafe to mow
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SlopeIf a slope of greater than
15% cannot Be avoided, the surface should be planted with plants that do not require mowing such as ground covers.
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DrainageGood drainage ensures a
balance between air and water in the soil.
This balance encourages proper root growth
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Establishing proper drainage
Install drainage tile about three feet below the surface of the soil to drain the subsoil
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Establishing proper drainage
Make use of the slope of the land to drain surface water away
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Soil PreparationGood loam soil is best for
most grassesIf loam is not available,
increase the organic matter (o.m.)
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Soil PreparationAdd well rotted sawdust,
weed free manure, or peat moss at a rate of 6 cubic feet per 1000 square feet of land
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Soil PreparationWork O.M. well into the soil
with a rototiller, rake and remove stones
Seedbed should be firm and smooth but not have a powder fine surface texture
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FertilizerSoil should be tested to
determine the correct amount of fertilizer to apply
Complete fertilizer with a high P content is recommended for establishing lawns.
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FertilizerStarter fertilizers are
manufactured with high P content
Some soil test reports may indicate a need for lime
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LimeChanges the pH of the soil
by reducing the acidityCan be applied in several
forms
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LimeCalcium CarbonateCalcium OxideCalcium Hydroxide
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pHIf pH of the soil indicates a
alkaline soil, sulfur or iron sulfate may be used to lower the pH
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pHIdeal pH range for lawns
is between 6.0 and 6.5
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Spreading FertilizerSpread in two different
directions, half of the recommended amount in one direction and the remainder perpendicular to the first application
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Spreading FertilizerThis ensures uniform
distribution of the fertilizerMay be applied with a
spreader or in a liquid form with a garden hose attachment
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Starting a LawnTwo waysSeedingVegetative
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VegetativeSprigging SoddingPluggingStrip planting
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Selecting SeedAll lawn grass seed is required
by law to have the following information on the label
Name – the package must give the correct name of all seeds in the package
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Selecting seedInformation on where this
type of seed grown bestPurity – gives the make up
of the seed by percent of each type
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Selecting SeedPercent germination – this
identifies how well the seed will sprout and grow
Other crop – percentage of other crop seeds, wheat, barley, orchard grass, and timothy are undesirable
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Selecting SeedInert matter – material that
will not growSeed pieces, sand or dirtInert ingredients add weight
to the package and little else
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Selecting SeedWeed Seed – not desirable in
lawn mixturesMany weed seeds are difficult
to remove because of their size
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Selecting SeedLaw requires that the
manufacturer list the percent of weed seed present in the package
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Selecting SeedNoxious Weeds – each state
has a listing of noxious weedsWeeds that are difficult to
control
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Selecting SeedNoxious Weed listings are
very specific as to the number and type of seeds per ounce
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Selecting SeedYear tested – commercial
seed is tested each year for germination results
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Selecting SeedCompany name and addressLawn specialists should be
contacted to determine the best seed mixture for your lawn
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SeedingSeed may be spread by hand
or with a mechanical seeder similar to a fertilizer spreader
Seed is mixed with a carrier such as sand to ensure uniform distribution
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SeedingSeeding is done in two
directions just as fertilizer application is
Lightly cover the seed by hand raking
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SeedingSeeds must be covered and in
close contact with the soil
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MulchingApplying alight covering of
weed free clean straw or hay will help hold in moisture and prevent seed from washing or blowing away.
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MulchingStraw also helps to hide the
seed from birds.
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WateringKeep new seedlings moist
until well establishedOnce germination begins,
seeds must not be allowed to dry out
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WateringAvoid saturating the soil as
too much moisture can result in a fungal disease called damping off
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Vegetative PlantingSprigging, Strip Planting,
Plugging and StolonizingUsed for grasses which are
difficult to grow from seed or for which seed is not available
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VegetativeZoysia, Bermuda Grass,
Centipede Grass, Creeping Bentgrass and Velvet Bentgrass
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VegetativeMaterial must be kept moist
until well establishedDuring first year light
applications of N every two to four weeks helps to speed the spread of new grass.
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SoddingSod consists of grass and
grass roots in a thin layer of soil which is removed from the growing area in strips and rolled for transport
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SoddingSod is the most expensive
optionIdeal for steep slopes or
terraces where erosion may be a problem
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Soddingis used when the home owner
wants a complete, instant lawn
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SoddingSod should not be cut more
than one inch thick.Thin sod will knit itself to the
soil faster than thick cut sod
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SoddingAfter sod is laid and tamped
down or rolled lightly, it is topdressed with a small amount of top soil
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SoddingSod must be kept moist until
the roots have grown well into the soil
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Strip Soddingmay also be usedstrips of sod 2-4 inches wide
are planted one foot apart
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Pluggingsmall plugs of soil with grass
plants in them are planted in holes evenly spaced throughout the yard
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PluggingThe close the plugs are
planted together the faster the area will fill with grass
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Spriggingplanting of individual plants,
runner, stolons, or cuttings at evenly spaced intervals.
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StolonizingShredded stolons are spread
over the area and topdressed with soil.
Used for larger or very specialized areas such as golf course putting greens
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FactorsClimactic conditions:
temperature and available moisture
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Geographical regionsUS is divided into six regions
with respect to the best types of grasses
South Dakota falls in regions 1 and 4
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South DakotaCommon grasses for our
area include Kentucky BluegrassRed Fescue
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.Colonial BentgrassTall FescueBermudaZoysia
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.Crested Wheatgrass - SD
state grassBuffalograssBlue Grammagrass
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