Essential Vocabulary 1 Chapt 7, Sect 1

1. First Continental Congress2. Minutemen3. Battle of Lexington & Concord (pg 185)4. Redcoats5. Second Continental Congress6. Continental Army7. George Washington8. Olive Branch Petition9. Battle of Bunker Hill

Essential Vocabulary 2 Chapt 7 Sects 2 & 3

1. Thomas Paine2. Common Sense3. Enlightenment

(Review)4. John Locke (Review)5. Montesquieu

(Review)6. Thomas Jefferson7. Declaration of

Independence

8. Unalienable Rights9. King George III of

England10.Patriots11.Loyalists12.Patrick Henry13.Mercenaries14.Molly Pitcher

Essential Vocabulary 3Chapt 7, Sects 4 & 5

1. Battle of Trenton2. Battle of Saratoga3. Marquis de Lafayette4. Valley Forge (pg 206)5. Friedrick von Steuben6. Guerrilla Warfare7. Francis Marion8. Battle of Yorktown9. Treaty of Paris of

178310.General Cornwallis-a

commander of the British army during American Revolution who surrendered to Washington at Yorktown

Chapter 7, Section 1Review: Why were the British in so much

debt in the Americas?

As a result of that debt, what laws were the British passing that angered the colonists?

Who were some of the leaders of the colonists?

First Continental Congress& Shot Heard Round the World

First Continental met in PhiladelphiaAll colonies represented except GeorgiaRecommended colonist continue to boycott British goods

Review: Define BoycottColonists got their militias ready

Define Militia Example of a militia: Minutemen- militia in Boston-ready to fight on

minute’s notice

Sons of Liberty and Paul Revere send word to Concord, Massachusetts that British troops (Redcoats-for their uniforms) marching toward themColonists’ militia and British Redcoats foughtRedcoats continued to Boston but retreated when militia met them

there 250 Redcoats died that day Fewer than 100 colonists died

Colonists have to decide what to do next

Second Continental CongressOriginally colonists were not going to try to break away

from EnglandHowever, colonists would form an army: Continental ArmyChose George Washington to lead the armySigned the Olive Branch Petition: an offer of peace to King

George III of England George rejected the peace offer Last try to keep the peace

FIGHTING FOLLOWS!Early Battles

Fort Ticonderoga-New York-colonists win a supply of weapons Battle of Bunker Hill: Massachusetts near Breed’s Hill:

colonists ran out of ammunition and had to retreat but not until after killing 1000 Redcoats to just 400 colonists deaths Important because Colonists know they can defeat the British!

British gain new respect for colonists

Section 2-Declaring IndependenceThomas Payne writes Common

SenseWritten in a style that most colonists could

understandArgues that America should break away from

EnglandArgues in favor of the Social Contract

Review: Define Social Contract

What political movement advocated the Social Contract

Who were some of the leaders of that movement?

Declaration of IndependenceThomas Jefferson primary authorUsed the ideas of John LockMan has three natural rights (or unalienable

rights): life, liberty and pursuit of HappinessIf government violates these rights, the

people have the right and duty to overthrow their government

Jefferson listed many ways that the king of England had violated the colonists’ unalienable rights

Declared independence for American colonies

Colonists must choose sidesAmerica or Great Britain

Patriots: those loyal to America and the colonists

Loyalists: those who remain loyal to Great Britain

Many loyalists flee to CanadaReview: why Canada?

Other reactions to the Declaration of IndependenceAbigail Adams unhappy the document ignored the rights of

womenSome upset the document ignored African slaves

New England colonies starting to outlaw slavery: Massachusetts in 1783 By 1784 rest of New England colonies ended slavery Review: List the New England colonies

Section 3: Dark Hours for the RevolutionGreat Britain is winning

Why does it make sense that England won many battles?

What did the colonists have in their favor?

A Call to Arms: The Continental ArmyReview: Who led the Continental Army?

What was the nickname of Britain’s army?

Can Slaves join the army?Colonists decided not to allow slaves to fight in armyBritish reacted by guaranteeing freedom to any slaves

who fought for Great BritainColonists responded by allowing free Africans to join

Who else helps the colonists? Some native tribes helpSome women aid the soldiers (Example: Molly Pitcher)Later some other European nations will send help…

Section 4-The Beginning of the WarReview: At what battle did the Americans gain

some hope that they could defeat the British?

However, began losing battles at Quebec -leading colonists to forever give up hopes of taking British Canada

In New York, George Washington was driven out of New York

But the tide turns…at New JerseyBattle of Trenton-Washington defeated British

mercenaries (men from another country hired to fight-in this case it was Germans hired to fight the patriots)

Battle of Princeton-another victory for the Patriots

Turning point at SaratogaPatriots defeat British again-

major turning point in the warBoosted the morale of the PatriotsIncreased Foreign support for Patriots

Foreign Allies come to help the AmericansThey were England’s enemies and wanted to see

one of her colonies become independentFrance sends Marquis de LafayettePoland sends two engineers-Tadeusz Kosciuszko

and Kazimierz Pulaski—they bring much needed military strategy

Spain’s governor of Spanish Louisiana aids Patriots

Winter at Valley ForgeContinental Army running low on suppliesWashington’s army spent the winter of 1777-78

at Valley Forge, PennsylvaniaMore than 1/5 of his men died of disease and

malnutritionLuckily for Washington a German mercenary

helped the army gain skills and morale for the rest of the war

Losses in the South Savannah fell to the British Charleston fell to the British General Gates, famous general from

Saratoga, was attacked at Camden, SC His troops, tired and hungry, fell under

British pressure The only way for the South to fight the British

in the south was guerilla warfare: quick, hit and run fightingerilla warfare

Francis Marion was a great leader at surprise attacks

Tide turns again: victory for patriots at Yorktown!

The British were winning in 1781British General Cornwallis moved in for the

kill in VirginiaWashington worked with the French and

surrounded Cornwallis at YorktownFrench Navy took Chesapeake Bay Washington’s troops surrounded Yorktown Washington laid siege to the town

After weeks of siege, British surrender

Treaty of Paris of 1783 ends the warAmerican delegation led by Benjamin

Franklin and John AdamsAfter two years of negotiation, American

delegates and British come to agreement to end war

Treaty of Paris of 1783New national borders:

North: Great Lakes West: Mississippi River South: 31 Parallel

Americans could settle and trade west of the original 13 colonies