STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND

PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS

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Essential Standard 2.00

POB-F Objective 2.03

TOPICS

Types of productions and manufacturing

Production and manufacturing planning

Business operations

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TYPES OF PRODUCTIONS AND

MANUFACTURING

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The forms of production: 1. Extraction and cultivation

-most basic form of production

-obtaining products from nature or

-using natural resources to grow

Examples:

-agricultural products- fish, chicken, tomatoes,

and broccoli

- Natural products- iron ore, bauxite, raw

diamonds, oil

Forms of Production

2. Processing

– changing and improving the form of another product

– Increases its value and usefulness

Examples: honey removed with comb and packaged

-Fresh mangoes processed at cannery

-Oil sent to refineries to be processed into

gasoline, heating oil, motor oil

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Forms of Production

3. Manufacturing

– combining raw materials and processed goods into finished

products

–either other businesses or consumers may use finished

products

Examples:

-Craftsman using tools and materials to build cabinets in a kitchen

-Design of a computer microchip

-Building high speed rail system

-Manufacturing cosmetics, china, shoes, furniture

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YOUR TURN

Think of something you use everyday.

Work with a partner and make a flow chart that

shows the process of this item being made.

Show all of the below processes for production.

Cultivation

Processing

Manufacturing

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TYPES OF PRODUCTIONS AND

MANUFACTURING

Mass production - using assembly processes to produce large quantities of identical products Employees have precise tasks, specialized tools and

equipment

Can result in monotonous work & reduced motivation

Companies use computers and robotics to perform many repetitive procedures

Examples: Krispy Kreme donuts, Maybelline lipstick, and Nike sneakers, automobiles

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qu0ISv_GeHI

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TYPES OF PRODUCTIONS AND MANUFACTURING

Custom manufacturing - process of producing a specific and exclusive product for a customer

When customer has unique needs or product has a specific use

Designers, tool makers, and assemblers work together

Examples: ceramics, prosthetic limbs, signs, buildings, landscapes, bridges, dentures, vehicles

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Eclipse GSX Wide Custom Body Kit

Transformation

TYPES OF PRODUCTIONS AND

MANUFACTURING

Materials processing- process of changing raw

materials to another form in order to be

consumed or used to make other products

Examples:

Oil companies refine crude oil

Mills process wheat into flour

Film processors convert into photographs

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PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES

Production and manufacturing involve the

following activities in order to produce

products:

1. Product development

2. Production planning

3. Inventory management

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WHAT IS PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT?

Product development is the process of

creating or improving the form of another product.

Why do companies develop a new product?

Consumer demand

Keep up with trends

New technology

Retail sales

NEW PRODUCT IDEAS

Work with your partner to brainstorm an idea for a new/improved product that you could sell.

Ideas: Toothpaste, writing instrument, shoes, clothing, deodorant, frozen food, athletic equipment, writing instrument, etc.

No video games, software, plays

What are your products features? What will it do special? What colors does it come in. Draw a picture and label its features.

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LIFE CYCLE OF A PRODUCT

Introduction

Growth phase

Maturity phase

Decline

Obsolete

Label The Life Cycle of a Product Curve!

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Product research performed by engineers and other

scientists to develop new products or to discover improvements for existing

products. Goal: to develop new products that will meet the needs of customers and improve current products offered by the company

WHAT IS PRODUCT RESEARCH?

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1. Scientist develop idea 2. Design engineers create models-

prototypes 3. Models are tested and revised 4. Best model is chosen 5. Materials selected to make usable

product 6. Financial experts determine costs of

production

WHAT ARE STEPS IN PRODUCT DESIGN?

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APPLIED RESEARCH

Marketing research that studies existing products to

develop design improvements or new product uses

Auto manufacturers study current design to improve

efficiency of engines or improve product safety

Engineers experiment with solar designs for renewable

energy sources

Improved athletic shoes designed especially for runners,

aerobics, walking, etc.

Development of formulas for corn based ethanol as an

alternative fuel

PURE RESEARCH

Discovers new solutions to problems

Drug manufacturers study diseases and immune

systems to uncover treatment or cures

Scientists at the CDC (Center for Disease Control)

Doctors at Duke U Medical Research Center

No specific product in mind

Goal- to uncover new treatments or cures

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PRODUCTION PLANNING ACTIVITIES

Production process –identifying the steps/activities, equipment, and resources needed to manufacture products – what are the steps in the production activity?

Production resources – setting up machines, tools, and other equipment needed for production

Personnel – determines # of employees and skills needed for completion of production, hires and trains additional staff if required

PRODUCTION PLANNING ACTIVITIES

Steps in production

activity

Identify each step in the

assembly line process

http://www.madehow.c

om/Volume-

1/Pencil.html Identify raw materials, types of

processes involved, types of

production needed, manufacturing

procedures involved

Production Resources

List materials, tools,

equipment needed for

production

Personal Resources

List people and skills

needed to complete

production

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PRODUCTION PLANNING ACTIVITIES

Steps in production

activity

Peanut butter and jelly

sandwich

Production Resources

Your favorite pants Fabrics, pattern, buttons,

zippers, thread, elastic,

“sparkles”, sewing

machine, ergonomic chair,

iron, ironing board,

scissors, good lighting,

storage space

Personnel Resources at

CHS

Administration

Coaches

Certified teachers

Core-math, sci, ss, Eng

Art, drama, music

CTE, EC, Yes Ctr,

Foreign language

Custodians

Cafeteria workers

Bus drivers 20

PRODUCT DESIGN

Product design is first

creating a model and

then deciding the best

possible design.

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HOW IT IS MADE?

http://www.madehow.com/Volume-

1/Aluminum-Foil.html

Watch youtube video

Complete guided literacy activity

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WHAT IS CONTINUOUS PROCESS

IMPROVEMENT ?

Continuous Process Improvement (CPI) -ongoing effort to improve manufacturing processes to increase the quality of work

Purpose: to reduce Errors

Inefficiencies

Waste

Continuous reviewing with goal of finding ways to improve

Not just manufacturing: Disney, McDonalds, teachers

www.thomasgroup.com/eLibrary/case-studies.aspx

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Continuous Process Improvement (CPI)

has the following six steps: 1. Involve everyone.

2. Identify process activities.

3. Establish quality performance standards

aka benchmarks.

4. Select measurement tools.

5. Monitor performance and compare to

standard continuously.

6. Look for ways to improve process

quality.

Would Continuous Process Improvement affects prices that consumers pay

for products?

How might you apply the CPI concepts to your personal goals?

TOAST AND DELL

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cdg9rpg6Dt

8&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3N89JJ991

pE

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q89qAbAAR

3Q&feature=related

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BUSINESS OPERATIONS

Common business operations:

Inventory management

Facilities management

Logistics

Scheduling

Safety and security

Information management

INVENTORY MANAGEMENT

Inventory- detailed account of a company’s

materials, supplies and finished product

Inventory management

maintains the supply of all resources needed

ensures that each item need to make product is

available at time and place needed

keeps record of supply and costs of resources

Keeps accurate record of all merchandise

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WHAT IS FACILITIES MANAGEMENT?

Why would a business need to be concerned

about management of their facilities?

To know buildings and land are repaired,

running properly and prepared to be used

Facilities management - managing buildings

and land of a business and ensuring that

everything is used, repaired, and running

properly.

FACILITIES MANAGEMENT AT CHS

Manager- B. Little,

Assistant Principal

Supervises custodial

staff

Submits work orders for

maintenance

What types of problems

might our facility have?

Electrical outages

Lights

Computer systems

Storm damage-hail, wind,

water

Plumbing issues

Entry/exit/halls/doors

Furniture, equipment

Parking, street

accessibility 29

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How do businesses obtain their

products and services in a timely

manner to make available for

customers? LOGISTICS

Logistics - managing the receiving,

moving, and storing of supplies,

materials, and finished products

WHAT IS LOGISTICS?

LOGISTICS

Transport of:

Employees

Equipment

Materials in

Finished products out

Highways, interstates

Railroads

Ships, boats

airports

Storage of/workspace

for:

Employees supplies

Raw materials

Finished goods

Shipping area

Movement of goods

between departments

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WHAT CAN BROWN DO FOR YOU?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g-

23mkL69ic&feature=BFa&list=PL79DF4DEC6

808C29E&lf=rellist

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SCHEDULING

What is involved in scheduling work, people,

and resources for a business?

Scheduling – managing:

activities to be completed

the people who will complete the work

the resources needed for completing the task

ADDITIONAL HIRING NEEDED WHEN?

When might additional employees be hired by

the following businesses?

Clothing retailer

Hospital

School system

Day care operation

Military supplier

Police department

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SAFETY AND SECURITY

What is involved in safety and security for a

business?

Safety and security - managing personnel

being in place to prevent accidents and

injuries of employees and customers and

protect people and property.

SAFETY AND SECURITY

Goal: Minimizing human and property losses

Procedures- fire drills, tornado drills

Personnel

Security plans- catastrophic events

Hurricane, fire, tornado

Encourage workplace safety

Secure employees & customers

Recognize safety records

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INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

When does a company use information

management?

When information needs to be coordinated

between

Customers, employees, supervisors, managers

Locations at various sites-local, regional, international

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INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

GOALS:

1. To collect, organize, and securely maintain all needed information

2. To provide instantaneous access to info required to perform work and make decisions

3. To prevent access to information by those unauthorized to use it

4. To use technology to improve communication and information sharing

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MANAGEMENT TOOLS

Operational plan-identifies how work will be done, who will do it, and what resources will be needed

Operating budget -detailed financial plan for a

production unit, marketing department or other area of the business

Schedules - matching people with resources

Procedures – list of steps to be followed for performing a particular work activity

Standards – a specific measurement against which a result is judged

TECHNOLOGY TOOLS - TYPES OF SOFTWARE

Supply chain management software

allows cooperating companies to share ordering, production, and shipping information, tract products, and exchange customer data

Collaboration software provides real time communications by voice, texts, videos using computers around the world

Computer security

provides access and restrictions, usage data, privacy, virus protection for networks

Inventory

management of sales, purchases, payment; tracks production, usage and sales, prints bar codes

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TECHNOLOGY TOOLS - TYPES OF SOFTWARE

Project Management

keeps tract of project calendars, tasks, to-do lists, work assignments and project resources

Budgeting

automates budget planning, compares budgets from one time period to another, coordinates budgets among department

Document Management

controls production, storage, management, and distribution of electronic documents

Manufacturing Automation

monitors and controls manufacturing machines, checks for errors and defects, reports on production levels

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