Essential Question: What is Geography? Warm-up: 1. What does the word geography mean? 2. What are...
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Transcript of Essential Question: What is Geography? Warm-up: 1. What does the word geography mean? 2. What are...
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Essential Question: What is Geography?
• Warm-up:• 1. What does the word geography mean?• 2. What are the 5 themes of geography?• 3. Why do we study geography?
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What is “Geography”?• The term was first coined
by the Greek scholar Eratosthenes (276-194 BCE).
• He created the word geographia from two different Greek words.
Geo = of the EarthGraphein = to describe
Geography is the study of the earth.
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An Extremely Brief History of Geography• The field of geography existed before it had a name.• The oldest world maps are from the Babylonian Empire
(800s BCE).
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A Brief History of Geography
• The ancient Greeks explored and documented some of Europe, Africa, & Asia.
• The Greek mathematician Pythagoras first proposed that the earth is a perfect sphere.
• Eratosthenes calculated the circumference (25,000 miles) of the earth almost perfectly (24,902 miles).
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A Brief History of Geography• Using the knowledge of the
Greeks, Muslim scholars in Persia kept the study of geography alive during the Middle Ages (800-1400 CE).
• Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi (780-850) made maps with lines of latitude & longitude.
• The great adventurer Muhammad al-Idrisi (1099-1166) created the most accurate pre-modern maps.
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A Brief History of Geography• European geography
lagged far behind the Muslim world.
• The voyages of European explorers like Marco Polo (1254 -1324), Christopher Columbus (1450-1506), & Sir Francis Drake (1540-1596) stimulated the study of geography in Europe.
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The Five Basic Themes of Geography
1. LOCATION– Absolute location of an area is its exact location on Earth
(latitude & longitude)– Relative location of an area is its position when compared to a
known landmark
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The Five Basic Themes of Geography
2. PLACE– The physical and human characteristics of an area– Place describes an area’s geographical setting
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The Five Basic Themes of Geography
3. REGIONS– Areas of the
world that have common characteristics
– Regions can be defined by climate, physical characteristics, economics, etc.
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The Five Basic Themes of Geography
4. MOVEMENT– The way people,
goods, and ideas travel from place to place
– People move in hundreds of ways
– Goods move by many modes of transportation
– Ideas are communicated in a variety of ways
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The Five Basic
Themes of Geography
5. HUMAN-ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTION– The way the Earth appears as a result
of how humans have changed it
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Activity!
• Using the Geography Textbooks, and your notes, answer #1-5 on page 22.
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Daily Geo Warm-Up, 8/11Essential Question: How do Population Patterns Describe a
Place?
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Population Growth
• Growth rate: In recent years, death rates have declined more than birth rates. This means more people are being born than dying.– This is because of improved diet and health care.
• Birth rates are higher in economically developing countries and lower in wealthy industrialized countries.– Why?
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Population Growth
• Death Rate- The number of deaths per year for every 1,000 people.
• Birth Rate- The number of births per year for every 1,000 people.
• Growth Rate= Birth Rate- Death Rate it measures the natural increase of the population
• Doubling Time- The amount of time it takes for the population to double
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Population Growth• Challenges of Population
Growth– World food production has
risen to meet demands on every continent except Africa
– Rapidly growing populations face shortages of fresh water, housing and clothing
• Some countries have a higher death rate than birth rate (negative birth rate). – Often recruit workers from
other countries to supplement their workforce
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Population Density• Population density: the
amount of people living on one square mile/km of land.– Different all over the world– Most people live near
sources of fresh water
• Population Movement: The movement of people around the planet.– Reasons: political
freedom, better jobs, education, and health care
– About half of the world’s population now live in urban areas
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• Look up the populations and population densities of the following:1. Fayetteville, GA2. Fayette County, GA3. Georgia4. The United States 5. Any three other nations of your choosing. – Population densities of countries:
http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.POP.DNST– Population densities of towns, counties, and states:
http://www.usa.com/• Record your finds in your notes.
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8/12 Essential Question: What is culture? And how does it describe a place?
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Elements of Culture• The world’s
languages are organized into families and trees, having similar roots.
• Religions influence certain aspects of daily life, have shaped art and architecture, and have been the root of conflicts in many countries
• A person is part of many social groups - families, social classes, ethnic groups, etc.
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Elements of Culture• Governments maintain internal order, protect citizens, and supply public services.
• People produce, obtain, use, and sell goods and services (economic activity).
• Different countries that share certain characteristics (economic systems, languages, forms of government, or social groups) are known as culture regions.
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Cultural Change• The world’s first
Agricultural Revolution began when nomadic people began to grow food rather than hunting and gathering it.
• Cultural Hearths: the first civilizations arose in Egypt, Iraq, Pakistan, China and Mexico.– spread their ideas and
practices to the surrounding areas
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Cultural Change• Some people gave up
farming due to food surpluses and earned their living from other activities. This specialization lead to increased wealth for everyone.
• Trade and travel caused cultural contact by blending and promoted cultural change
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Cultural Change• In the 1700s and
1800s, the Industrial Revolution made goods produced in factories very common.
• The Information Revolution of the past 50 years has created computers that can store massive amounts of information and send it around the world instantly.
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• Use Chapter 4, Section 2 of the World Geography textbook to answer the following questions.
1. Define the following terms: a) cultureb) language familiesc) ethnic groupd) culture region
2. Explain why these places are important in the development of human culture(s).
a) Egyptb) Iraqc) Pakistand) Chinae) Mexico
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8/13 Essential Question: How does Agriculture and Industry impact Geography?
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Energy Resources• Our main sources of energy right now are nonrenewable resources (minerals and fossil fuels).
• Scientists are working on finding alternatives.– Hydroelectric energy– Solar energy– Wind energy– Nuclear energy
• Natural resources are not evenly distributed over the Earth.
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Economic Development • In developed countries only a small portion of the population works in agriculture.
• In developing countries most people are subsistence farmers.
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Economic Development• Industrialization has
recently helped change economies in countries that once relied mostly on agriculture, such as China and Malaysia.
• Certain militant groups in developing countries have used terrorism to counter the global influence of developed countries.
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World Trade• Barriers to free
trade:– Governments try
to manage trade to benefit its own people
– They often add tariffs (taxes) to imported goods or set limits on how much can be imported from other countries
– A country can ban trade with another country (embargo)
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World Trade
• Free trade:– The World Trade
Organization promotes free trade internationally
– The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has removed trade barriers among the United States, Canada and Mexico
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Class Discussion:
• Should we have unrestricted and free trade?• Are protections (tariffs) and Trade barriers
necessary?• Why?• Should we end our embargo with Cuba?• Why/why not?
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Closing Activity
• Use the Map on page 92 to answer the questions 1 & 2
• Use the Chart on page 94 to answer questions 1 & 2