Essential Question: How is matter made up? Matter: Anything that has mass and takes up space.
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Transcript of Essential Question: How is matter made up? Matter: Anything that has mass and takes up space.
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• Essential Question: How is matter made up?
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Matter:•Anything that has mass and takes up space
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Properties of matterPhysical properties:• These properties can be observed or studied without
changing the matter into something else.• Density, color, size, shape, melting point, boiling
point, freezing pointChemical properties• These properties can only be known when there is a
change to the matter- we will end up with something new
• Frequently the changes that occur are irreversible• Flammability, reactivity with other substances
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Changes to matter• Physical changes do not change the
substance. Think about a piece of wood, a piece of paper, or a piece of metal.
• What can we do to them that does not result in something new?
• A chemical change will produce something new and different than what we started with.
• Paper, wood, metal, an egg…• What can we do to change these?
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Substance• A substance, sometimes called a
pure substance, always has the exact same composition- everywhere in the universe.
• Elements, and compounds are substances
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The Atom• An atom is the smallest piece of matter that
cannot be broken down into other substances without losing the properties of the matter.
• Elements (on the periodic table) are made up of a single type of atom.
• A chunk of gold has “uncountable numbers” of atoms (gabazillions!!!) together these atoms have the same density, the same color, same melting point, etc.
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Compound• A compound is a combination of two or
more DIFFERENT atoms bonded together.• Examples: NaCl, C6H12O6 ,MgBr2 , CH3OH
• A molecule is a combination of two or more atoms covalently bonded together. The atoms may be of the same element or different elements.
• Examples: H2O, CO2, O2
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Mixtures• A mixture is a combination of
substances. They do not have definite and constant composition.
• Two types of mixtures:
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Homogeneous mixtures• A homogeneous mixture is a mixture
that has the same composition throughout.
• Examples: a beaker of salt water, a glass of Kool-aid, a balloon full of air,Ex: solutions
• More difficult to separate
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Heterogeneous mixtures• A heterogeneous mixture is one that
does not have the same composition throughout.
• Examples: muddy water; a bucket of sand, salt, and nails; blood; milkEx: suspensions
• Easier to separate
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Parts of an Atom• Nucleus–Proton –Neutron
• Electron
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Nucleus2 parts
• Proton• + charge• 1.673 x 10-24 g• = Atomic mass unit 1 AMU
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• Neutron• No charge• 1.675 x 10-24g• 1 AMU
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Electron• Located outside the nucleus in the
electron cloud• - charge• 9.109 x 10 -28 g• 1/1678 AMU (~0 AMU)
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The Periodic Table• Element name• Element symbol• Atomic number:– Tells how many protons are in the element
– this never changes– The number of electrons equals the
number of protons (in a neutral atom – we’ll talk about exceptions later)
–Which number is the atomic number?
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Atomic Mass• Tells the mass of the element
Mass=number of protons + number of neutrons
• Which number is this?
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Neutrons• Number of neutrons
= Atomic mass – atomic number• Big # – little # • Round the number to the nearest
whole number.
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Exceptions
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Isotope• An element with a different number
of neutrons• Protium H 1• Deuterium H 2• Tritium H 3• Carbon 12• Carbon 14
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Ion• An element with a charge
• Has lost or gained electrons• Na+ or Na1+
• N3-