Essential QuestionEssential Question

What was the impact of What was the impact of the U.S. war with Mexico?the U.S. war with Mexico?

War With MexicoWar With Mexico

AnnexationAnnexation

Texas voted in Texas voted in favor of favor of annexation, to annexation, to become a part of become a part of the U.S.the U.S.

Andrew Jackson Andrew Jackson refused to actrefused to act

Problems with TexasProblems with Texas

1.1. Northern members of Congress opposed Northern members of Congress opposed Texas entering as a slave stateTexas entering as a slave state

2.2. President Jackson did not want a costly President Jackson did not want a costly war with Mexicowar with Mexico

President TylerPresident Tyler

Attempted to annex Attempted to annex TexasTexas

Northerners feared Northerners feared a pro-slavery plota pro-slavery plot

The Senate voted The Senate voted against making against making Texas a stateTexas a state

Election of 1844Election of 1844

Henry Clay (Whig)Henry Clay (Whig)

James K. Polk James K. Polk (Democrat)(Democrat)

Victory for PolkVictory for Polk

Oregon QuestionOregon Question

Both the U.S. and Both the U.S. and Britain claim this Britain claim this territoryterritory

Americans wanted Americans wanted “Fifty-Four Forty or “Fifty-Four Forty or Fight!”Fight!”

Polk agreed to split Polk agreed to split the territorythe territory

TexasTexas

Oregon entered as Oregon entered as a free statea free state

1845 – Texas 1845 – Texas entered the Union entered the Union

Mexico broke off Mexico broke off diplomatic relations diplomatic relations with the U.S.with the U.S.

Dispute with MexicoDispute with Mexico

No agreement on a No agreement on a borderborder

Polk sent John Polk sent John Slidell to Mexico Slidell to Mexico City as an envoy City as an envoy (representative)(representative)

Troops in TexasTroops in Texas

Polk ordered Zachary Polk ordered Zachary Taylor to lead his Taylor to lead his troops south of the troops south of the Texan disputed Texan disputed borderborder

May 1846 – news May 1846 – news that Mexican forces that Mexican forces had attacked Taylorhad attacked Taylor

WarWar

Polk declared war Polk declared war on Mexicoon Mexico

Many opposed the Many opposed the war because they war because they saw it as an saw it as an attempt to extend attempt to extend slaveryslavery

U.S. Military StrategyU.S. Military Strategy

One force moved south along the Gulf of One force moved south along the Gulf of MexicoMexico

Second force moved northwest toward Second force moved northwest toward Santa FeSanta Fe

Third force moved south to Mexico CityThird force moved south to Mexico City

War With MexicoWar With Mexico

US forces US forces won on all won on all frontsfronts

One small One small force force continued on continued on toward toward CaliforniaCalifornia

CaliforniaCalifornia

US residents joined US residents joined together under together under General John C. General John C. FremontFremont

June 1846 – June 1846 – declared declared independence from independence from MexicoMexico

Winfield ScottWinfield Scott

General who led General who led US forces into US forces into Mexico CityMexico City

Captured the Captured the capital of Mexicocapital of Mexico

Treaty of Guadalupe HidalgoTreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Feb. 1848Feb. 1848

Mexico gave up Mexico gave up 500,000 sq. miles of 500,000 sq. miles of territory to the USterritory to the US

CA, UT, NV, AZ, NMCA, UT, NV, AZ, NM

Accepted the Rio Accepted the Rio Grande River as the Grande River as the southern border of TXsouthern border of TX

Gadsden PurchaseGadsden Purchase

U.S. purchased U.S. purchased additional land for additional land for $10 million from $10 million from MexicoMexico

Arizona and New Arizona and New MexicoMexico

California Gold RushCalifornia Gold Rush

Discovered in 1848Discovered in 1848

80,000 “Forty-80,000 “Forty-Niners” arrivedNiners” arrived

CA applied to the CA applied to the Union as a free Union as a free statestate