1. m:CAMBRIDGEpull-outgrammarreferencepocketguide [MM _ ,* _ n. izi"2- i ri i? Aself-study referente and practice bookfor elementary students of Enghshwith answers

2. EssenalGrammar II1Aself-studyreferente and practice bookfor elementary with answersTHIRD EDlTlONRaymond Murphy 3. CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge,New York,Melbourne,Madrid,Cape Town,Singapore,Seo Paulo,Delhi,Tokyo,Mexico CityCambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building,Cambridge CB2 8RU,UKwwwcambridgeorg Information on this title:wwwcambrdgeorg/9780521675802 Cambridge University Press 2007This publication is in copyright.Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permisson of Cambridge University Press. First published 1990 Second edition 1997 Third edition 2007 11th printing 2011Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press,CambridgeA catalogare record for this publication i5 availableom the British LibraryISBN 978-0-521-67580-2 Edition with answersISBN 978-0-521-67581-9 Edition without answersISBN 978-0-521-67543-7 Edition with answers and CD-ROM ISBN 978-0-521-67544-4 CD-ROM for Windows (single user) ISBN 978-0-521-67545-1 Network CD-ROM (30 users)ISBN 978-3-12-539538-1 Klett edition with CD-ROMISBN 978-3-12-5395 36-7 K1ettEditionCambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication,and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is,or will remain,accurate or appropriate.Information regarding prices,travel timetables and other factual information given in this work is correct atthe time of rst printing but Cambridge University Press does not guaranteethe accuracy of such information thereafter. 4. ContentsThanks vii T0 the student viii T0 the teacher xPresent 1 am/ s/ aream/ is/are (questions)I am doing (present contnuous)are you doing?(present continuous questions)I do/ work/ like etc.(present simple)I dont(present simple negative)D0 you?(present simple questions)I am doing (present contnuous) and I do (present simple) I haveand Ive got OOlOU'I-l>-b->[)Past 10 was/ were 11 worked/ got/ went etc.(past simple) 12 I didntDid you?(past simple negative and questions) 13 I was doing (past contnuous) 14 I was doing (past contnuous) and I did (past simple)Present peijeci. 15 I have done (present perfect 1) 16 Ive justIve alreadyI haventyet (present perfect 2) 17 Have you everP (present perfect 3) 18 How long have you?(present perfect 4) 19 for since ago 20 I have done (present perfect) and I did (past)Passive 21 is done was done (passive 1)22 is beng done has been done (passive 2)Verbforrns 23 be/ have/ do in present and past tenses 24 Regular and irregular verbsFuture25 What are you doing tomorrow?26 Im going to 27 will/ shalll28 will/ shall 2Modals,inrzperative etc. 29 might30 can and could31 must mustnt d0nt need to[ P" M M A i 5. 32 should33 I have to 34 Would you lkeP Id like v 35 D0 this!Dont do that!Lets do this!36 I used to There and i!37 thcre is there are38 there was/ were there has/ have been there will be 39 It ALIXd/ y verbs40 I am, I dont etc. 41 Have you?Are you?Dont you?etc.42 too/ either so am I /neither do I etc.43 isnt,havent,d0nt etc.(negatives)Qiiestions44 is it?have youE do theyP etc.(questions 1) 45 Who saw you?Who did you see?(questions 2)46 Who is she talking to?What is it like?(questions 3)47 What?Which?How?(questions 4)48 How long does it takeP49 D0 you know whereP I dont know whatetc. Reportcd speech 50 She said thatHe told me that ing and to 51 work/ working go/ going do/ doing52 to(I want to do) and ing (I enjoy doing) 53 I want you toI told you to 54 I went to the shop to G0, get,do,make and have55 go togo ongo forgo ing 56 get57 do and make58 havePronouns and possessives 59 I/ me he/ him they/ them etc.60 my/ his/ their etc.61 Whose is this?Its mine/ yours/ hers etc.62 I/me/my/mine 63 myself/ yourself/ themselves etc.64 -s (Kates camera /my brothers car etc. ) IF Y()ll ARE NOI SllHt WHICH UNIIS Il) SIUDY,USE lHl:SUDY GUIDE ON PAGE Z/ l 6. A and the65 a/ an 66 train(s) bus(es) (singular and plural)67 a bottle /some water (countable/ uncotmtable 1)68 a cake /some cake /some cakes (countable/ uncountable 2) 69 a/ an and the70 the 71 go to work go home go to the cinema72 l like music I hate exams73 the(names ofplaces)D(. f1'iI'll'IIlS una pro/ zouiis74 this/ that/ these/ those75 onc/ ones76 some and any77 not + any no none78 not + anybody/ anyone/ anythng nobody/ no-one/ nothing 79 somebody/ anything/ nowhere etc. 80 every and all81 all most some any no/none 82 both either neithei- 83 a lot much many84 (a) little (a) fewAdjecfivcs and aduerbs85 old/ nice/ interesting etc.(adjectives)86 quckly/ badly/ suddenly etc.(adverbs)87 old/ older expensive /more expensive88 older thanmore expensive than 89 not asas90 the oldest the most expensive91 enough92 too M/ ord order 93 He speaks English very well.(word order 1) 94 always/ usually/ often etc.(word order 2)95 still yet already J 96 Give me that bookl Give it to me! Coiijunrrioiis and claiises 97 and but or so because98 When 99 If we goIfyou seeetc. 100 IfI hadIf we wentetc. 101 a person whoa thing that/ which(relative clauses 1)102 the people we met the hotel you stayed at (relative clauses 2)II Yllll ARE NOI SURE WHICH UNIIS I0 SlllDY,USE IHE SUDY GUIDE UN PAGE 21|. 7. Prepositions103 at 8 0cl0ck on Monday in April104 fromto until since for105 before after during while106 in at on (places 1)107 in at on (places 2)[08 to in at (places 3)109 under,behind,opposite ctc. 110 up,over,through etc. 111 on at by with about'112 afraid of, g00d atetc.of/ at/ for etc.(prepositions) + ing 113 listen to, l00k atetc.(verb + preposition)Phmsal verhs 114 go in,fall 011',run away etc.(phrasal verbs 1) 115 put on your shoes put your shoes on (phmsal verbs 2)AppendicesAppendix 1 Active and passive 243Appendx 2 Lst of rregular verbs 244Appendix 3 Irregular verbs in groups 245Appendix 4 Short forms (hes /Id /dont etc. ) 246Appendix 5 Spelling 248Appendix 6 Phrasal verbs (take 0'/give up etc. ) 250Appendix 7 Phrasal verbs + object (put out a re /give up yourjob etc. ) 251Additional exercises 252 Study guide 271 Key t0 Exercises 283Key t0 Additional exercises 310 Key t0 Study guide 313Index 315H YUU ARL NUI SURL WIHCH UNITS H) SUDY,USI:IHE SUDY GUIDE UN PAGE 271. 8. ThanksFor their help in producing this third edition of Essential Gramnmr in Use,I would like to thank Liz DriscolLjessica Roberts and Alison Sharpe.I would also like to thank the teachers and revieurers From varous countries who provided me with feedback on the previous edition. Illustrations by Kate Charlesworth,Richard Deverell,Gillian Martin,Roger Penwill,Lisa Smth,Ian West and Simon WilliamsDesign by Kamae Designvii 9. This is a grammar book for elementary students of English. There ave 115 units in the book and each unit is about a different point of English grammar.There is 21 listThanks viiT0 xlm xtudenl viiiT0 lhc tmchcx xPrmzu ofunts at the beginning 0F the book "" aIn/ is/ are (qunmom) (Corlterlts).3 I am doing (pmscnn contnuous)D0 not Study al] thc units in order 7 om beginning to end.It s better to 2choose the units that you need to do.'For example,if you have a problem with the present pelfect (I have been,he has done etc),study Units 15-20.are yuu doing?(prcscnl connnuous questioni)l do/ work/ ke etc,(present simple)l dont(present simple ncgzlive)Do you?(pnsuu simple quccom)I mm duiug (prcscnl contnuous) and I do (pmenz simple)I lmveand I've gol 77K:numbm m. " P49: nunxbgn" '""*'"U110 un" o;7w3.""*"nyxnm,b.. _ 4m "wlwrv ' "t?87D Use the Contents or the Index (at the Iimlsjkggg aPmlrophu/ {n _ lwron m,ab . ns m) t (a (vu b l( fth b k t f d l t 011: m vJL"'M orrl m marcio;s0 ac o e 0o o In tle unl v.m5 Nphcnbnlh hm q)?HM ".4 .E:uni/ i; r "m!s4'e ha (or un1ts) that you need.;4": v_ no "Wmawr wmmlolku;u W ,4m ...M335: d m.1,52 b:Inc {ypm/. I ore;miele:I 7a m)":"Www v7.3; """ """ c9 72"21 Vhwxv-ru m In 711-77 ( bauli- "36 mm (liutai/ un un, Fwd 90 ""= vrw u."' -- dr) a9 una, m mugcm 553 BY/ inviarc) 41k www w Mm-mm,0,5, l POmxu dlurdwjy ' 53" "I"VSnvqc_ 7 m) : ;g""(m7/, -tu. ./h( M 43" HM condmon-I mi?""9 .- r H.rum,WM/ ruw "Nat- , xIyac-rznjrcnv III:MM Zu m..0; 114.14 L I .m ' n 100407 mi u.mlgrbllznn,974m hm:1mm;"k 97 v ' H W/ mllrloq If you are not sure m. .. 5.. ... . which unlts you III Psgupn ._ 11 max-v bui- need to Study,use m 3:" ""'lmf"'"" ""' 33:22:211"T: :?: .. ... :."" .- u.u" mrxz?.., . .._, .,. _.. ... ._. _., ..ttt the studyguld 3t m,.___w,u. .. n.u". .. n. .. .1-. . gtvtwphlsurxnq inning-hm J!r5; . mn-unzll ytnn . ... . . . . . , -. _.. , - m- the back ofthe m i. ... ... ... ...m. .. van-w- ww n. .. cm.n, www. i- m . .:. ... w., _ ,,______, ,, _ m. .. m. .." u. .. . ... ... .. boolx." 4.. ..n.10. 1.2173 ne. .." . ._. .,. . 17 : ... ... ... ... c_. ... . c d __ m. .. _. .._.m. .. n.2. .J _ ll Iunlrb 'n Mm h ti;D m 33.: --..x. ... ._. . gnu. .. z:w., 1-. .. ., " _ _m-w u-a-"c-n-T v---- m " h. . LIIII. ,. . ...c,o,.. .. h-. . ; . .2.. .". .. , ,., .m". .. u. .. cm. .- . ... .-in.12,.u .5.. . _ . ... ... ... . _rW. ... ..'. L:: .:: ::: ::" .1 S, "". .t. :. . ..." "", ________, __ _, _)____L_k___ 27.11..4.. .-. . cm. .. m. ..luhrvhbulqywwl "" "A _ n w". .. . ... - M. .- " 32;. .. . ;:': ... "u, .w. .. hm.3- n:c-m n z. - sw. .. . .. , , n , ... .w. ... ... ... ... ... ... . pygnr-u www cww-w-a v-wmax-n hm:C-u -nutrt:1.. .:I I'm I a . .. -.u. .. s.. . . m h" 2.. .; l. .. L11. nnmx. .. 3313i:wn-a- cm-Pnvr . . mi. .. ... .1- 7;"; - _w____g_____gay;M-v- r "Mm-- . ... ... .4 . ... .. . c. .. un. --x. *:: ,:: *: :.r: .. ,- muti. .. ewa-u-Pfmn u-n . .i1! L Study guide (gmges 271-282) 10. Each unit is two pages.The information is onthe left-hand page andthe exercises are on the right: lnformationsona-u y. _.m. _. mmnm. . ... .. ..,m. .. w-. ,.. ... ... -. un-uqwmmgv. . _.. . nr. .r, .__n. wx.=. ... ... -.. ... .,. ..a.u. .. ruu-xnqnux-Q. - 41 guru". .. J urta-tanga. .. m.usa-. .- . x.. ... .n.4 -,A . m.. ... ... .a. ... ... ... . ...- . _._. ... ,.. ... .m. .. m-r-nl-nat -. -_ _. . una. .. _. -_u . -.2:2; . ._. ..: u;:r. .. . ... .u. ., .baristinuuupunu-. _.. .mn_,r-nnnn-u-u.1.. ... .han. . ..u7.. .. .. n-. .,_. .. .,. ..;mm;m.un-M n.4.-.-. ... .. ,ym m. .- r. .. .,u. .._ .4n. h4nu4 , u . .. r 5.. ... .tu. , 444 Ikvwnwvu. ... ... ,., ... Study the left-hand page (information),and then do the exercises on the right-hand page. Use the Key to check your answers.The Key ison pages 283-309.Study the left-hand page again if necessary. Dont forget the sevenAppendircs at the back 0E the book (pages 243-251).These will give you information about active and passive forms,irregular Verbs,short forms,spelling and phrasal vcrbs. There are also Additional exercises at the back of thebook (pages 252-270).There is a list of thcsc exercises on page 252.CD RomYou can buy this book with or without a CD Rom.On the CD Rom there are more exercises on all the units,and these are dfferent om the exerciscs in thc book.There are also more than 600 test questions. Auurnvl-a nliiiil% n Exercises r1 imummia-r.Iliuijgll}I 11. T0 the teacherThe most important teatures of this book are: D It is a grammar book.It does not deal with other aspects of the language. D It is for elementary learners.It does not cover areas of grammar which are not normally taught at elementary level. El It is a reference book with exercises.It is not a course book and is not organised progressively. El It is addressed to learners and intended for self-study. Organisation of the bookThere are 115 units in the book,each one focusing on a particular area of graimnar.The material is organised in grammaticali categories,such as tenses,questions and articles.Units are not ordered according to difculty,and should therefore be selected and used in the orderappropriate for the learner(s).The book should not be worked through from beginning to end. The units are listed in the Contents and there is a comprehensive Index at the end of the book. Each unit has the same format consisting of two facing pages.The grammar point is presented and explained on the left-hand page and the corresponding exercises are on the right.There are seven Appendices (pages 243-251) dealing with active and passive forms,irregular verbs,short forms (contractions),spelling and phrasal verbs.It might be useful for teachers to draw students attention to these. At the back of the book there is a set ofAdditional exercises (pages 252-270).These exercises provide mjxed practice bringing together grammar points froni a number of diferent units(especially those concerning verb forms).There are 35 exercises in this section and there is a full list on page 252.Also at the back of the book there is a Sudy guide to help students decide which units to study - see page 271.Finally,there is a Kcy (pages 283-309) for students to check their answers to all the exercises in the book.An edition without the Study guide and Key is available for teachers who would prefer it for their students. LevelThe book is for elementary learners,i. e. learners with very little English,but not for complete beginners.It is intended mainly for elementary students who are beyond the early stages ofa beginners course.It could also be used by low-intermediate learners whose grammar isweaker than other aspects of their English or who have problems with particular areas of basic grammar. The explanations are addressed to the elementary learner and are therefore as simple and as short as possible.The vocabulary used in the examples and exercises has also been restricted so that the book can be used at this leve]. Using the bookThe book can be used by students working alone (see T the student) or as supplementary course materia].In either case the book can serve as an elementary grammar book. When used as course material,the book can be used for immediate consolidation or for later revision or remedial work.lt might be used by the whole class or by individua] students needing extra help and practice. 12. In some cases it may be desirable to use the left-hand pages (presentation and explanation) in class,but it should be noted that these have been written for individua] study and reference.In most cases,it would probably be better for teachers to present the graimnar point in their preferred way with the exercises being done for homework.The IeR-hand page is then available for later reference by the student. Some teachers may prcfer to kccp thc book for revision and remedial work.In this case,individua] students or groups of students can be directed to the appropriate units for self-study and practice. CD RomThe book is sold with or without a CD Rom.This contains further exercises on al] the units in the book,as well as a bank of more than 600 test questions from which users can select to compile their own tests.The CD Rom is also available separately. Essential Grammar in Use Third EditionThis is a new edition of Essential Cramiraar in Use.The dierences between this edition and the second edition are:D The book has been redesigned with new colour illustrations. D There is one new unit (Unit 35) and some reorganisation,so that most units have different numbers from the previous edition. D There are many (usually minor) revisions to the explanations,examples and exercises.D There are two new pages of Additional exercises (pages 252-270). D There is a new Study guide at the back of thc book to help users decide which units to study. D There is a new CD Rom with further exercises to accompany the book. xi 13. 112 am/ is/ aremother is a journalist.My father is a doctor and my I'm not married. My favourite eolour is blue. My favourte sports are football and swimming. I'm nterested in art. positive tiegative(Im) ((hes) (hes not or he isnt)(shes) (sl1es not or she isnt)(its) (its not or it isnt)(were) we (were not or we arent)(youre) you are not (youre not or you aren't) they (theyre not or they arent)(theyre) shortformxhoriformsD Im cold.Can you close the window,please?D Im 32 years old.My sister is 29. D Steve is ill.I-Ies in bed. E My brother is afraid of dogs.D Its ten oclock.Youre late again.l:Ann and I are good friends. D Your keys are on the table. D Im tired,but Im not hungry. thats =that is theres = there isIl Tom isnt interested in politics.I-Ies interested in music.jane isnt a teacher.Shes a student.D Those people arent English.Theyre Australian.3 Its sunny today,but it isnt warm. heres =here isD Thank you.Thats very kind of you. D Look!Theres Chris D Heres your key. am/ is/ are (questions) > Unit 2Thank you. there islare -> Unit 37Ja/ an -> Unit 65short forms -> Appendix 4 14. ExercisesUnit 1 1.1 Write the short form (she's /we aren't etc. ). 1 she is3 it is not5 I arn not 2 they are . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .....4 that is . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .....6 you are not ..,1.2 Write am,is or are.1 The weathernice today.5 Look!There . ... ... ... ... ... . . . Carol.2 I . ... ... ... ... .....not rich.6 My brother and I . ... ... ... ... ... . . . good tennis players.3 This bag . ... ... ... ... ... . . . heavy.7 Emily . ... ... ... ... ... . . . at home.Her children . ... ... ... ... ... . . . at school.4 These bags . ... ... ... ... .....heavy.8 Ia taxi driver.My sistera nurse.1.3 Complete the sentences.1 Steve is 111. . ... ... ... . . . in bed 2 Im not hungry,but . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . thirsty.3 MrThomas is a very old man... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . 98. 4 These chairs arent beautiful,butcomfortable.5 The weather is nice today. warm and sunny.6 . ... .....late. No,Im not.Im early! 7 Catherine isnt at home.at work.8 your coat. Oh,thank you very much. 1.4 Look at Lisa's sentences in 1A.Now write sentences about yourself.1 (name? ) My 5 (favourite colour or colours? ) 2 (from? ) I . . My . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . . 3 (age? )6 (interested in.4 (job? ) I 1.5 Wrte sentences for the pictures.Use:afraid angry cold hot 1. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . . 3 I-Ie 51.6 Write true sentences.positive or negative.Use is/ isn't or are/ aren't.1 (11/ hot today)or . .., ... J.t_s2 (it /vvindy today) It 3 (niy hands /cold) My 4 (Brazil /a very big country) . ... .....5 (diamonds /cheap) 6 (Toronto /in the US) . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . Write true sentences.positive or negative.Use I'm /I'm not.8 (hungry) I . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .....9 (a good swimmer) 10 (interested in football) > Additional exercise 1 (page 252) 13 15. am/ is/ are (questions)positive ques ti on rAre you married?w p1 .. xNo,I m smgle.JHow old are you?E Am I late? No,youre on time. D Is your mother 2t home? No,shes out. D Are your parents at home? No,theyre out. D Is t cold in your room? Yes,a little. D Your shoes are nice.Are they new? We say:E Is she at home?/ Is your mother at home?(not Is at home your mother? ) D Are they new?/ Are your shoes new?(not Are new your shoes? )Where? /What? /Wh0?/ How? /Why ? D Where s your mother?Is she at home? Z1 Where are you from? Canada. Z1 What colour is your car? Its red. D How old s Joe? Hes 24.D How are your parente?Are they well? D These postcards are nice.How much are they? Il This hotel isnt very good.Why s it so expensive? whats =what is whos =who is hows =how is wheres =where is D Whats the time?D whos that man?D Wheres Lucy?D Hows your father? Short answersIYes,not.Are you tired? Yes,I am. Are you hungry? No,Im not,but Im thirsty. Is your friend English? Yes,he is. Are these your keys? Yes,they are. Thats my seat. No,t isnt. IHDamlislare > Unit 1 questions > Unit 44 whatlwhichlhow > Unit 47 16. Exercises2.12.22.32.42.5Unit 2Find the right answers for the questions. A London. B No,Im not. C Yes,you are. D My sister. E Black. F N0,its black. G In your bag. H No,shes American.I Very well. Wheres the camera? Is your car blue? Is Linda from London?An1 I late? Wheres Ann from?What colour is your bag?Are you hungry? How is George? whos that wonmn?Jb-lvw-xOlOUI Make questions with these words. . ... .home . .., ..Ar9.. .s9s4.r. .parente. -.1 (is /at home /your mother) 2 (your parents /are /well)3 (interesting /is /yourjob)4 (the shops /are /open today) (from /where /you /are) . . . ... .. . . interested in sport /you /are) . . is /near here /the post ofce) at school /are /your children) . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . , , you /are /late /why) 5 6 7 8 9 ( ( ( (Complete the questions.Use What/Whol Where/How.your parents? the bus stop?,.your children?.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . these oranges?.. your favourite sport?.. ... ... ... ... .....the man in this photograph?your new shoes? 115g(name? )(American? ) (how old? )(a teacher? )(married? ) (wife a lawyer? )(from? ) (her name? )(how old? ) Theyre very well. At the end of the street.Five,six and ten. 41.50 a kilo. Sking. Thas rny Father. Black. Write the questions.Paul. No,Im Australian.Im 30.No,Im a lawyer.Yes,I am. No,shes a designer.Shes ltalian. Anna. Shes 27. OCZNOUI-P-b-lvi-x Write short answers (Yes,I am.l N0, he isn't.etc. ).1 Are you married?. N2 l) 2 Are you thirsty?3 Is it cold today? 4 Are your hands cold?. 5 Is it dark now? 6 Are you a teacher?> Additional exercises 1-2 (pages 252-53) 17. I am doing (present contnuous)Were ruvming. Shes eatng.Its raining.Theyre running.She isnt reading.The sun isnt shining.They arent walking. The present continuous is:am/ is/are + doing/ eating/ running/ writing etc. D Im working.Im not watching TV. D Maria is reading a newspaper.D She isnt eating.(or Shes not eating. ) D The phone is rngng. Z) Were havng dinner.are (not) Z1 Youre not listenng to me.(orYou arent listenng . ..) D The children are doing their homework.am/ is/ are + ing =soniething is happening now. Im working shes wearng a hat theyre playng football Im not watching televisionpast now _4rurePlease be quiet.Im working.(=Im working now) Look,theres Sarah.Shes wearing a brown coat.(=she is wearing it now)i The weather is nice.Its not raining. _ Where are the children? Theyre playing in the park. E (on the phone) Were havng dinner now.Can I phone you later? D You can turn ofthe television.Im not watching it. Spelling (> Appendix 5): come > coming write > writing dance > dancng run -> running sit -> sitting swim > swimming lie > lyingamlis/ are > Unit 1 are you doing?(questions) -> Unit 4 I am doing and l do > Unit 8 I6 What are you doing tomorrow?> Unit 25 18. Exercises3.13.23.33.41Unit 3What are these people doing?Use these verbs to complete the sentenees: playcab have lie sit wait 1 2 3. . an apple.4 I-Ie . . . ...They , . on the oor.tor a bus.. ..... .. breakfast. football.6on the table. JIComplete the sentences.Use these verbs: CDNOLD-bhvdhave stand swim workbuild goPlease be quiet.IWQkl/ Vl9.. ... . . Wheres john? I-Ies in the kitchen.I-le , . . You on niy foot. Oh,Im sorry. Look!Somebody . ... ... ... ... ... ..... in the river. Wee here on holiday.We. at the Central Hotel.where's Sue? She . ... . . . . a shower, They .. .. ...a new hotel in the city centre at the moment.Inow.Goodbye. cook stayLook at the pieture.Write sentences about Jane.Use She's ing or She isn't ing.have dinner).i watch television)sit on the oor) She . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..... 1 (2 (3 (4 (read a book) . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..5 (play the piano) 6 (7 .T r. -._A__r"".540M.4:9.JNritP chnrtnnswerslXesjtLdnec Additional exercises 4--7 27. l l am doing (present contnuous) andjack is watching televsion.l-le is n.01 playing the guitar. Butjack has a guitar.He often plays it and he plays very wejack plays the guitar,but he is not playing the guitar now. Is he playing the guitar?No,he isnt.(present contimrous) Does he play the guitar?Yes,he does.(present simple)Present tor-itinuons (I am doing) =now,at the time of speaking: Im doingpart now future"il as-gkrl b ire n/k '19 P? I di i x:dillke cmi 51h-Use o 3 l: 7,43";pres-si Units 3-4 present sirrga > Units 5--7 Unit 25 28. Exercises Unit 88.1 Answer the questions about the pictures. S.g __ Does he take photographs?.. Y??2.. ..y. l' ' .have breakfast I have a shower etc.> Unit 58 some/ any > Unit 76 30. lasiasgot asma -wt" gjgggggggggigpngg?j. iy i L. E {ggi ;i r "' r rwawsmrwwme was (past): 3 I am tired.(now)D Where s Kate?(now) The weather is good today. I was tired last night. are (present) -> were (pzist):j You are late.(now) E!They arent here.(now)You were late yesterday. 77 positive negative question I I I I?P hc wasv- me} e:was ha.she I she} (Wass t) she?i:1 it it?l W WC were not i i WC?l you were you (werel) l were you?. they l L they l they?I El Last year Rachel was 22, so she is 23 now. Z1 When I was a child,I was afraid of dogs. Wc were hungry after the journey,but we werent tired.El The hotel was comfortable,but it wasnt expensive. E1 Was the weather nice when you were on holiday?E Your shoes are nice.Were they expensive?El Why were you late this morning? 7 7' "TI r IShort answersI/ he/ she/ it was. I/ he/ she/ t wasnt. Yes,No, we/ you/ they were.we/ you/ they werent. Were you late? No,I wasnt. i Was Ted at work yesterday? Yes,he was. E Were Sue and Steve at the party? No,they werent. 30 am/ is/ are a Units 1-2 I was doing a Unit 13Now Robert is at work. At midnight last night he wasnt at work. l-Ie was in bed.He was asleep. Where was Kate yesterday?The weather was good last week. They werent here last Sunday. i?' 32. Exercises Unit 101t!Where were these people at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon? iii. ' 'r, lll.eterna w . .w 3'232 r;.: 2 '5': -1 n.34":.= .->*-x! -:-. ' y , ,-. -, {g/ sgi JNel-i r l ' il r7! IT': ,,A"5" JL-C K H SU 14.51 AN! ) IRS H l] I.fFN 0.2 Write am/ is/ are [Drescntl or was/ were lnastl N15 '77 rn clr 0.3 Write was/ were or wasn't/ weren't was wasrt.4 Write (questions from these words -: - was/ were.Put the words in the right order.5044.@3395. I.4-L_d#_l___ V 33. i I H I cm; "i workeci/ got/ went etc.(pastsimple)They watch television every evening. i Qaresent simple)They watched television yesterday evening. (past simple)watched is the past simple: I/ we/ you/ they watched he/ she/ it D The past simple is often -ed (regular verbs).For example: dance > danced stay -> stayed need + neededwork -> worked clean > cleaned start > startedD I clean my teeth every morning.This morning I cleaned my teeth.3 Terry worked in a bank from 1996 to 2003. 3 Yesterday it rained all morning.lt stopped at lunchtime. 3 We enjoyed the party last night.We danced a lot and talked to a lot of people.The party nished at midnight. Spelling (> Appendix 5): try > tred stop > stoppedstudy + studied pian -> plannedcopy -> copiedSome verbs are irregulai (=not regular). The past simple is noi.-ed.Here are some important irregular verbs (see also Appendix 23): begin > began fall > fell leave > left sell -> sold break broke nd found lose lost sit sat bring brought y ew make made sleep slept build built forget forgot meet met speak spoke buy bought get got pay paid stand stood catch caught give gave put put take took come came go went read read (red)* tell tolddo did have had ring rang think thought drink drank hear heard say sad win woneat ate know knew see saw write wrote* pronourzcezi red 3 I usually get up early,but this morning I got up at 9 ocl0ck.3 We did a lot of work yesterday. D Caroline went to the cinema three tinies last week.3 james came into the room,took offhis coat and sat down. 32 was/ were > Unit 10 I didn't] Did you?(negative and questions) > Unit 12 ago > Unit 19i - - ' ' wl 34. lExercises11.111.211.311.411.5 Unit 11Complete the sentences.Use a verb from the box. eletta- die enjoy nish happen open rain start stay want 1 l , rny teeth three times yesterday.2 lt was hot in the room,so I . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . . the window.3 The lm was very long.lt at 7.15 andat 10 oclock. When I was a child,lto be a doctor. The accident ....last Sunday afternoon. Its a nice day today,but yesterday itall day. We . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .....our holiday last year.Weat a very nice place.when he was 90 years old. UJNONU-P-Annas grandfatherWrite the past simple of these verbs. 1 get. ... ... .9.l?4 pay . ... ... ..... 7 go . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . . 10 know . .....2 see . . 5 visit. . 8 think 11 put . ... .. . .6 buy 9 copy12 speak3 play Read about Lisa's journey to Madrid.Pul the verbs in the correct form.v ammira (u:41g LastTuesday Lisa (1)from London to Madrid.She (2)y,getup at 6 oclock in the morning and (3)a cup ofcofee.At 6.30 haveshe (4)home and (5) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . to the airport.When she leave,drive(6)there,she (7)the car,(s)to the airport get,park,walk building,and (9)in.Then she (10)breakfast at a caf check,have and (11) . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . . for her ight.The plane (12)on time and wait,depart(13).. in Madrid two hours later.Finally she (I4) arrive,takea taxi from the airport to her hotel in the centre of Madrid. Write sentences about the past (yesterday l last week etc. ).1 james always goes to work by car.Yesterday . ... .NV1 A:No, l lost.A:Yes,it was great. 4 A:I had a nicc holiday.8 A:The window is broken.B:GoodWherc?B:How . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .....? A:T0 the mountains.A:I dont know. 12.5 Put the verb in the correct form positive,negative or question. -> Additional exercises 10-13 (page 256)1 Wc went to the cinema,but the lm wasn't very good.Wcit.(enjoy)2 Tim ... ... ... ... ... .. . .some new clothes yesterday two shirts,ajackct and a pullover.(buy) 3 . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .....yesterday? No,it was a nicc day. (rain)4 Wc were tired,so wc . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . long at the party.(stay)5 It was very warm in the rooin,so Ia window.(open)6 Did you phone Chris this morning? No,I... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .....time. (have)7 I cut my hand this morning. How ... ... ... ... ... ... . . .that? (do)8 Why wercnt you at thc meeting yesterday? Iabout it. (know)35 37. lt is 6 0clock now.Paul is at home.I-le is watching television. 4 olotkAt 4 oclock he wasnt at home.I-le was at the sports club. Hc was swimming in the pool.l-Ic wasnt watching television. 3.30 4.00 /> 4.15 d l he nishcdhe starte swimming swimmj ng .3 .a E/ ) i,3 4.. / [ was/ were + ing is the past contimzous: positive negative qnesfiondoing doing?watching watching? doing watchingplaying ' playing? swimming swimming?W919 n13 lving lving?(werent)playing swimming lving D What were you doing at 11.30 yesterday?Were you working? D What did hc say? I dont know.l wasnt listenng. D lt was ranng,s0 wc didnt go out. D In 2001 we were lving in Canada. D Today shes wearing a skirt,but yestcrday she was wearing trousers. D I woke up early yesterday.lt was a beautiful morning.The sun was shining and thebirds were singing. Spelling (live > lving /run > running /lie > lying etc. ) > Appcndix 5am/ is/ are + ing Qnescrnt) > was/ were + ing (past): present past D Im working (now).D l was working at 10.30 last night.D It isnt raining (now).D lt wasnt raining when wc went out.D What are you doing (now)?D What were you doing at three 0clock? was/ were > Unit 10 l was doing and l did (past eontnuous and simple) > Unit 14 38. Exercises Unit 1313.1 Look at the pictures.Where were these people at 3 0'cl0ck yesterday afternoon?And what were they doing?Write two sentences for each picture.jACK KATE at home at the cinema ' 2t the station watch TV watch a lm ' wait for a trainMR AND MRS HALL in the parkwalk12 jack and Kate . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...... They . ... ... .. . . 3 Tim6 And you?13.2 Sarah did a lot of things yesterday morning.Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. 7.10 7.251 At 8.452 At 10.45 she 3 At 8 ocl0(: k 13.3 Complete the questions.Use was/ were ing.Use what/ where/ why if necessary. Nyou/ live)in 1999? . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . . at 2 dclock? when you got up?.. ... ... ... ... . . . s0 fast? a suit yesterday? In London.I was asleep.No,it was sunny.Because she was late.No,a Tshirt andjeans. it/ rain)Sue/ drive) . . . . (Tim/ wear) . .( (you/ do)( ( U-Iblvw 13.4 Look at the picture.You saw Joe in the street yesterday afternoon.What was he doing?Write positive or negative sentences. Joe 1 (wear /ajacket) 2 (carry /a bag)3 (go /to the dentist)4 (eat /an ice-cream) . ... ... ... ... .....(carry /an umbrella)(go /home)(wear /a hat)(ride /a bicycle) HL.Im gomg shopping.a)lOUI 39. I-Ie answered the jack was reading The phone rang.He stopped reading.a book.phone.What happened?The phone rang.(past simple) What was Jack doing when the phone rang? He was reading a book.i (past Continuo)? What did he do when the phone rang?} r ,i)I-le stopped reading and answered the phone.(m5 Slmp L jack began reading before the phone rang.So uzhen the phone rang,he was reading. he started the phone he stopped he answered reading rang readng the phone he was readingpast simple past continuato iD A:What did you do yesterday morning?D A:What were you doing at 10.30?B:We played tennis.(from 10 to 11.30) B:Wc were playing tennis.start nish start 10 oT/ ock .11.30 10 Naiade 4444+ 144% m x x i x x we played wc were playing complete action myrxished acrionD jack read a book yesterday.(=from D jack was reading a book when the beginning to end) phone rang. D Did you watch the lm on television D Were you watching television when last night?l phoned you? D lt didnt rain while we were on D lt wasnt raining when l got up. holiday. D I started work at 9>ocl0ck and nished at 4.30. At 2.30 I was working.D lt was raining when we went out.(=it started raining before we went out) D I saw Lucy and Steve this Inorning.They were waiting at the bus stop. D Kelly fell asleep while she was reading. |did [past simple] > Units ll12 l was doing (past contnuous) > Unit I3 while Unit 105 40. ExercisesUnit 1414.1 Look at the pictures.Put the verbs in the correct form,past contimious or past simple. 14.2 1210PLucy . ... .. . .l? ".i I have cleaned finiti!-* wc have nished start - she has startedIrregular verbs The past participle is not -ed.Sometimes the past simple and past participle are the same: buy * l bougbt /I have boughl han:*-> h:had /hc has hadSometimes the past simple and past participle are different: bmak -> l brokc l l have broker) se:-v you saw /you have seen {all -* it fell l it has falla:go -> they went /they have goneWe use the present perfect for m1 action in the past with a result now. D lve lost my passport.(=I cant nd my passport now)D Wheres Rebecca? Shes gone to bed. (=she is in bed noti)D Weve bought a new car.(=we have a new car now)D Its Rachels birthday tomorrow and l havent bought her a present.(=I dont have 21present for her now) D Bob is away on holiday. Oh,where has he gone? (=where is he now? ) D Can I take this newspaper?Have you nished with it?(=do you need it now? )present perfect > Units 16-19 present perfect and past simple i- Unit 20 irregular verbs > Unit 24, Appcndix 2-3 42. Exercises Unit 1515.1 Look at the pictures.What has happened?Choose from the box. [ go to bed stop raining close the door fall down have a showerShe . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..... They15.2 Complete the sentences with a verb from the box. break decide {mi-sh-invite see not/ seeforget takebuy readgo tellgonot/ tellCan I have a look at your newspaper? Yes,I. ... .....with it. Isome new shoes.Do you want to see them? Where is LiZ? She's not here.She . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .....out. Im looking for Paula. you . .....her? Look!Somebody . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . that window. Does Lisa know that youre going away? Yes,I . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . her. I cant nd my timbrella.Somebody . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..... it. Where are my glasses? I dont know.I . ... ... ..... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . . them. Im looking for Sarah.Where she? I know that woman,but I . ... ... ... ... ... her name. Sue is havng a party tonght.She a lot ofpeople.What are you going to do?..you? A:Does Bil_l know about the meeting tomorrow? B:I dont think so.Ihim. Do you want this magazine? No,I O3lCU| -P-bl)>k11 12 1314it,thanks. 43. 42I've justI've alreadyI haven'tyet (present perfeet 2)lve just just =a short time ago A:Are Diane and Paul here?B:Yes,they've just arrived. :Are you hungry?B:No,lve just had dinner. :Is Tom here?B:No,Im afraid hes just gone.(:he has just gone)lve already already :before you expected /before I expected D A:What time are Diane and Paul coming?B:Theyve already arrved.(:before you expected)D Its only 9 oclock and Anna has already gone to bed.(=before I expected)D A:jon,this is Emma.B:Yes, I know.We've already met. I haventyet /Have youyet? yet r until now We use yet in negative sentences and questions.Yet is usually at the end. yet in negative sentences (I haventyet) A:Are Diane and Paul here?13: No,they havent arrived yet.(but B expects Diane and Pan] to arrive soon) _ A:Does James know that youre going away?B:No, l havent told him yet.(but B is going to tell hini soon) I:Silvia has bought a new dress,bL1t she hasnt worn it yet.Oh,it's nice.Hatve,you worn Li;got?yet in questions (Have youyet? )D A:Have Diane and Paul arrved yet?B:No,not yet.Were still waiting for them. D A:Has Nicole started her newjob yet?B:No,she starts next week. D A:B:Oh,its nice.Have you worn it yet? This is my new dress. present perfect > Units 15, 1720 word order > Unit 94still,yet and already > Unit 95 44. Exercises16.116.216.31 6.4Unit 16Write a sentence with just for each picture.m5 L5 o, 12 He3 They 4 The tace . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . .Complete the sentences.Use already + present perfect. 1 What time is Paul arriving?2 Do your friends want to see the lm?3 Dont forget to phone Tom.4 When is Martin going away?5 6Do you want to read the newspaper?When does Sarah start her newjob?Write a sentence with just (They've just/She's justetc. ) or a negative sentence with yet (They haven'tyet /She hasntyet etc. ).1 afeivminutes now 3 a fcw HIHIIFSagomamo _ our-saw(she /go /out)9n9..9i.4t. ..g9tt. ... (the bus /go) The bus .5 afetu minutesWrite questions with yet. 1 Your friend has got a newjob.Perhaps she has started it.You ask her:2 Your friend has some new neighbours.Perhaps he has met them.You ask him:you . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . . 3 Your iend must pay her phone bill.Perhaps she has paid it.You ask her: 4 Tom was trying to sell his car.Perhaps he has sold it.You ask a friend about Tom: 45. Have you been to Rome? Yes,I have.Many times. Have you everb J 7 No,I've never een to apan. been to Japan. We use the present perfecf (have been /have had /have played etc. ) when we talk about a time from the past until now for example,a person's life: Have you aver been tojapan? tirrzefrom the past tmtil now past nowD Have you been Lo France? No,I havent. D lve been to Canada,but I havent been to the United States. D Mary is an interesting person.She has had many different jobs and has lived in manyplaces. D lve seen that roman before,but I can't remember where. D How many times has Brazil won the World Cup? D Have you read this book? ' Yes,lve read it twice. (twice =two times)present pegfect + ever (in questions) and never: D Has Ann ever been to Australia? Yes,once. (once =one time) D Have you ever played golf? Yes, I play a lot. D My sister has never travelled by plane. D lve never ridden a horse. D Who is that man? l dont know.lve never seen him before. gone and beentwo zuee/ es later where's Bi| |.7 He's away.He's gone to Spain. Hi.I've been on holiday.I've been lo Spain.Bill has gone to Spain.(:he is in Spain now)Bill has been to Spain.(:he went to Spain,but now he is back) Compare:D I can't nd Susan.Where has she gone?(=where is she now? ) D Oh,bello Stisanl I was looking for you.Where have you been? present perfect > Units 15-16. 1B present perfect and past simple > Unit 20 46. Exercises17.11 7.217.31 7.4You are asking Helen questions beginning Have you ever?Write the questions. No,never.Yes,many times.Yes,once.No,never.Yes,a few times. (London? )(play /golf? ) (Australia? )(lose /your passport? ) (y /in a helicopter? ) (win /a race? ) No,never.( Yes,twice.(N o,never. NewYork? ) drive /a bus? ) 9 (break /yourleg? )1 2 3 4 5 6 7 83 Yes,once. Write sentences about Helen.(Look at her answers in Exercise 17.1.) 1 (New York).Sh. e.. .. ..tz9sn. ..t. -.t.9w 2 (Australia) She3 (win /a race) . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . 4 (y /in a helicopter) , .Now write about yourself.How often have you done these things? 5 (NewYork) I 6 (play /tennis) . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . . 7 (drive /a lori-y)8 (be /late for work or school) . ... ... ... ... ... ..... Mary is 65 years old.She has had an interesting Iife.What has she done? all over the worldten booksa lot ofinteresting things a lot ofinteresting people married three timeswritetravel meet 2 SheWrite gone or been. Bill is on holiday at the moment.He'sto Spain. Wheres jane? Shes not here.l think she'sto the bank. Hello,Sue.Where have you?I-Iave you ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . . to the bank?Have you ever . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .....to Mexico? No,never. My parents arent at home at the moment.Theyve Theres a new restaurant in town.Have you . ... .. . . to it?Rebecca knows Paris well.She's . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . there many times.Helen was here earlier,but I think shes . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .....now. OLIC.CDIOU'I-LLHI)I-> Additional exercises 16, 18 (pages 258-59, 260) 45 47. 46 jane is on holiday in Ireland. She is there now. She arrived in Ireland on Monday. Today is Thursday. l-low long has she been in Ireland? She has been in lrelandCompare is and has been: She has been in Ireland { since Monday"J since Monday.lfor three days. How Long have gou been in Ireland. ?She is in Ireland now. is :presenthas been =present perfect for three days. M0 ndayCompare: present simpleDan and Kate are married. Are you married? Do you know Lisa? I know Lisa. Vicky lives in London. I have a car. present continuousIm learning German. David is watching TV. lts raining. for and since > Units 19, 104-OLVTlmtsdaypresent perfect simple (have been /have lived /have known etc. )They have been married for ve years.(n0tThey are married for ve years. ) How long have you been married?(not How long are you married? ) How long have you known her?(not How long do you know her? ) lve known her for a long time.(not I know her for How long has she lived in London?She has lived there all her Iife.How long have you had your car?lve had it since April. present perfect contirrnons (have been + ing)How long have you been learning German? (not How long are you learning German? )lve been learning German for two years. How long has he been watching TV? Hes been (:He has been) watching TV since 5 0cl0ck.Its been (=It has been) raining all day. 48. Exercises18.118.218.318.4Unit 18Complete these sentences. I 2 3ooxloxui-J: jane is in Ireland.She .. hin Ireland since Monday.I know Lisa.I her for a long time. Sarah and Andy are married.TheyBrian is ill.I-IeWe live in Scott Road.WeCatherine works in a bank.She . ... .....Alan has a headache.I-Ie . ... . . .married since 1999. ill for the last few days. . .....there for a long time... ... ... ... ... ... . . . in a bank for ve years.a headache sincc hc got up this morning... ... ... ... ... ... ... ....,English for six months. Im learning English.I Make questions with How Iong? IOU'I-IL>I)>K5 pne is on holiday. .Scott and judy are in Brazil.I-Iow long I know Amy.How long . ... .. . . Diana is learning Italian.My brother lives in Canada. Im a teacher.It 1S raining. 5 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with:for ten minutes all day all her lifesince lie was 20 since Sunday 12 She . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . .3 They . ... . . ,4 The sun 5 She . ... ... ... ... ... ... . . .6 I-Ie . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . .Which is right? 1 2 3 400040111Mark-l-i-kres/has lived in Canada since April.(has lived i5 right)jane and I are friends.I know /I've known her very well. jane and I are friends.I know /lve known her for a long time. A:Sorry Im late.How long are you waiting/have you been waiting? 13: Not long.Only ve minutes. Martin works /has worked in a hotel now.I-Ie likes his job a lot. Ruth is reading the newspapcr.She is reading /She has been reading it for two hours.l-Iow long do you live /have you lived in this house? About ten years. Is that a new coat? No,I have /I've had this coat for a long time. Tom is /has been in Spain at the moment.I-Ie is /He has been there for the last three days. 49. . re i[W [for since ago .5for and since Wc use for and since to say houz long: E] jane s in Ireland.She has bcen there { t? three days"s1nce Monday.We use for + a period of time We use since + the start of the perod (three days /two years etc):(Monday /9 oclock etc):start q) the period i for three da s _ y Monday smce Monday Monday |Tuesday Wednesday l I past now past now _ t l s1ncethree days ten minutes Monday Wednesdayan hour two hours 9 oc1ock 12.30a Week four weeks 24 july Chrstmasa month six months January I was ten years oldve years a long time 1985 we arrivedCl Richard has been ll Canada for SX D Richard has been in Canada since months.(not since six months) January.(z from january to now) D Weve been waiting for two hours.D Weve been Waiting since 9 0cl0ck.(not since two hours) (z from 9 0751051; to now) E) lve lived in London for a long time.t] lve lived in London since I was tenyears old. agoago :before now: I:Susan started her new job three weeks ago.(=three weeks before now)E When did Tom go out? Ten minutes ago. (=ten minutes before now) ZJ I had dinner an hour ago. Life was very different a hundred years ago. Wc use ago with the past (started/ did/ had/ was etc. ).Compare ago and for:3 When did Jane arrive in Ireland?She arrived in Ireland three days ago. 3 How long has she been in Ireland?She has been in Ireland for three days. 48 present perfect + for/ since > Unit 18 from/ until/ since/ for > Unit 104 for and during > Unit 105a" -. 50. Exercises19.119.219.31 9.419.5Unit 19Write for or since. 1 jane has been in IrelandMonday. 2 jane has been in Ireland. ... . . . three days. 3 My aunt has lived in Australia ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .....'15 years. 4 jenniler is in her ofce.She has been there7 0cl0ck. 5 India has been an independent country . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . . 1947.6 The bus is late.Weve been waiting . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . 20 minutes. 7 Nobody lives in those houses.They have been empty . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . many years. 8 Mchael has been ill . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... a long time.He has been in hospital . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . . October.Answer these questions.Use ago. 1 When was your last meal? 2 When was the last time you were ill? 3 When did you last go to the cinema? 4 When was the last time you were in a car?5 When was the last time you went on holiday? Complete the sentences.Use for or ago with these words. 1 jane arrived 1n Ireland . . (three days)2 jane has been in Ireland . ... ..(three days) 3 Lynn and Mark have been married . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . . (20 years)4 Lynn and Mark got married . ... ... .. . . (20 years)5 Dan arrived .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ,. .. .. ...(an hour)6 I bought these shoes(a few days) 7 Silvia has been learning English(six months) 8 Have you known Lisa . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . .?(a long time) Complete the sentences with for or since. 1 (Jane is in Ireland she arrived there three days ago) .2 (jack is here he arrived on Tuesday) Jack has3 (Its raining it started an hour ago) Its been . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . . 4 (I know Sue I rst met her in 2002) lve . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .....5 (Claire and Marthew are married they got married sLx months ago) Claire and Matthew have 6 (Liz i5 studying medicine at university she started three years ago) 7 (David plays the piano he started when he was seven years old) David has . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . .Write sentences about yourself.Begin your sentences with: Ive livedlve had lve beenlve been learningIve known 1 51. 1m:l have done (present perfect) and ; ;'W' p l did (past)l l With a nished tinte (yesterday /last week ero),we use the past (arrved/ saw/ was etc. ):past + nished tinteyesterday.yesterdaylast week.last week We arrived at 3 0cl0ck.six months agoin 2002. lzished timesix months ago. past nowDo no!use the present peifect (have arrived /have done /have been etc. ) with a nished time: I saw Paula yesterday.(not I have seen)__ Where were you on Sunday afternoon?(notWhere have you been) D We didnt have a holiday last year.(notWe havent had) l:What did you do last night? I stayed at home. E William Shakespeare lived from 1564 to 1616. He was a writer.I-le wrote many plays and poems. Use the past to ask When?or What timeP:D When did you buy your computer?(rzotWhen have you bought? ) D What time did Andy go out?(notWhat time has Andy gone out)l uI Compare:present {ierfert past3 I have lost my key.D I lost my key last week.(Z i cant nd it now)3 Ben has gone home.D Ben went home ten minutes ago.(=he isnt here now)D Have you seen Kate?D Did you see Kate on Saturday?(=where is she nomi? )time untilinow nished time -lpast now past nowl:Have you ever been to Spain?D Did you go to Spain last year?(=in your life,until now)l:My friend is a writer.He has written D Shakespeare wrote many plays and ' many books.poems. l:The letter hasnt arrived yet.3 The letter didnt arrive yesterday. l:'Weve lived in Singapore for six years.3 We lived in Glasgow for six years,but (=we live there now) now we live in Singapore. 50 past simple = - Units I112 present perfect > Units 15-18 52. Exercises20.120.220.320.4Unit 20Complete the answers to the questions.1 Have you seen Kare?Yes, l.119". .. ve minutes ago.2 Have you started your newjob?Yes,I . ... ... . . . last week.3 Have your friends arrived?Yes,they . . . at 5 0cl0ck.4 Has Sarah gone away?Yes,on Friday.5 Have you worn your new suit?Yes, yesterday.Are these sentences OK?Correct the verbs that are wrong.(The verbs are underlmgg. ). . . .1 lve lost niy key.I cant nd it.. . . . l2i. ri. ... s Units 3-4 present simple > Units 5-7 I'm going to> Unit 26 62. Exercises25.125.225.3Unit 25Look at the pictures.What are these people doing next Friday?21515 wwwRJCHARD TONI AND Sl lEANDREI/ V RACHEL1 . ... . Andrw. .is. ... pwabng-.tennis- on.2 Richard . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . . to the cinema. 3 Rachel. . 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ...lunch with Ken. Write questions.AII the sentences are future.1. Are. . w . ..gom9 MAL. ..3 (what /you /do /tomorrow evening? ) . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . 4(what time /your friends /come? ) 5 (when /Liz /go /on holiday? )(you /go /out /tonight? ) (you /work /next week? ) Write sentences about yourself.What are you doing in the next few days? . ... ... l.m. ... ft4ung. ..at. ..hcme. .| m. ...99.m99h Mqndaa . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .....U-J-Llxh l:1c. )0r .5 . .lutf n":islis zleaves etc. ).1 . ... ... .. "-') . . . . iAS-D i; u . .. -': :i "z 45.5011 w A4x w; l ,v " h 'Its gotng to rvam26.4 What are you going to do toclay or tomorrow?Write three sentences. 65. 66will/ shall 2l'LL carrg u;for gou.Bye,Ill,phone youtomorrow ,OK? You can use Ill(I will) when you oier something or decide to do something:u My bag is very heavy. Ill carry it for you. D Ill phone you tomorrow,OK? OK,bye. We often say I think Ill/I dont think Illwhen we decide to do something:J Im tired.I think Ill go to bed early tonight. :1 Its a nice day.I think Ill sit outside. I Its raining.I dont think Ill go out. Do not use the present simple (I go /I phone etc. ) in sentences like these:Ill phone you tomorrow,OK?(not I phone you) D I think Ill go to bed early (not l go to bed)Do not use Illfor something you decided before (> Units 25-26): i Im working tomorrow.(nor Ill work)_ Theres a good lm on TV tonight.Im going to watch it.(not Ill vvatch) _ What are you doing at the weekend?(rwtWhat will you do)Shall I?Shall we ? No,L65 OK.l'1).Answer w. Shall I /Shall we?= Do yoL1 think this is a good thing to do?Do you think this is a good idea? D Its very warm in this room.Shall I open the window?- Shall I phone you this evening? Yes,please. Im going to a party tonight.What shall I wear? D Its a nice day.Shall we go for a walk?J Where shall we go for our holidays this year. ? D Lets go out this evening. OK,what time shall we meet? What are you doing tomorrow?> Lri.25 I'm going to> lini:2G will/ shall 1 > Qui:27Let's > lnls5;. 66. Exercises28.128.228.328.428.5> Additional exercises 28-31 (pages 264-67)Unit 28Complete the sentences.Use I'll (l will) + these verbs: e-an-yn do eat send show sit stay 1 My bag is very heavy. it for you.2 Enjoy your holiday.Thank you. . ... ... ... ... .. . . you a postcard.3 I dont want this banana.Well,Im hungry... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ... .....it.4 Do you want a chair?No,it's OK. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . on the oor.5 Did you phone jenny?Oh no,I forgot... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . it now.6 Are you coming with me?No,I dont think so... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .....here.7How do you use this camera?Give it to me and you.Complete the sentences.Use I think I'llor I don't think I'll+ these verbs: go play 1 It's cold today. 40"}!lhlk. ... ... ... ... ... ... ..... 2 I'm hungry.I . ... ... ... .. . . 3 I feel very tired... ... ... ... .....4 I like this hat. 5 This camera is too expensive. Which is right?'l/I'll phone you tomorrow,OK? buy buy have. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .....out... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . something to eat. . . tennis.(ERE l'5 gli? ) 2 l havent done the shopping yet.I (lo /I'll do it later.3 I like sport.I watch /Ill watch a lot of sport on TV. I need some exercise.I think I go /Ill go for a Walk. 4 5 Gerry is going to buy /will buy a new car.He told me last week.6 This letter is for Rose. OK.I give /I'll give /Im going to give it to her. 7 A:Are you doing /Will you do anything this evening?B:Yes,I'm going /I'll go out with some friends. 8 I can't go out with you tomorrow night.I work /Im working /I'll work.Write sentences with Shall I?Choose from the two boxes. DThis programme isnt very good.Im hungry.Its dark in this room. some sandwiches the televisionthe lightturn of turn onmake91999 Its very warm in this room.-lbto. Write sentences with Shall we?Choose from the two boxes. buy invite go meet-what wherewhat-ame- who 1 Let's go out tonight.OK, week} 2 Let's have a holiday.3 Let's spend some money.4 Let's have a party... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . . 67 67. Where are goti going{or gour houmxgs?I'm not swe.I might go to New York.lt might rain.(=it is possible that it will rain)I-Ie might go to NewYork.(=it is possible that he will go to New York)might + innitive (might go /might be /might rain etc. ): l/ we/ you/ they he/ she/ itmight (not)I 1night =it is possible that l will:D l might go to the cinema this evening,but Im not sure.(=it is possible that l will go) D A:When is Rebecca going to phone you?B:l don't know.She might phone this afternoon. D Take an umbrella with you.It might rain. D Buy a lottery ticket.You might be lucky.(=perhaps you will be lucky)D Are you going out tonight? I might. (=I might go out)Study the dierence:D Im playing tennis tomorrow.(spire) I might play tennis tomorrow.aiossible) D Rebecca is going to phone later.(sme) Rebecca might phone later.amssible)I might not =it is possible that l will not:D I might not go to work tomorrow.(=it is possible that I will not go) D Sue might not come to the party (=it is possible that she will not come)mayYou can use may in the same way.I may =I might:D l may go to the cinema this evening.(=l might go) D Sue may not come to the party.(=Sue might not come)May I?= Is it OK to?/ Can I? : D May I ask a question?(=is it OK to ask /can I ask? ) D May I sit here? Yes,of course. will > Units 27-28 can > Unit 30 68. Exercises29.129.229.3Unit 29Write sentences with might. cinema(its possible that Ill see you tomorrow) I . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . (its possible that Sarah will forget to phone) . ... ... .....( ((its possible that Ill go to the cinema)nuoto its possible that it will snow today)5 its possible that Ill be late tonght)Write sentences with might not. 6 (its possible that Mark will not be here next week)7 (its possible that I won't have time to go out) . ... .. . .Somebody is asking you about your plans.You have some ideas,but you are not sure.Choose from the list and write sentences with l might. shgo away a new car taxi{real-y MondayKL 1 Where are you going for your holidays?Im not sure.2 What are you doing at the weekend?I dont know.I ....3 When will you see Kate again?I'm not sure. 4 What are you going to have for dinner?I dont know. 5 How are you going to get home tonight?Im not sure.6 I hear you won some money.What are I havent decided yet. you going to do With it?You ask Bill questions about his plans for tomorrow.Sometimes he is sure.but usually he is not sure.1 Are you playing tennis tomorrow?Yes,in the afternooti.2 Are you going out tomorrow evening?Possibly. 3 Are you going to get up early?Perhaps. 4 Are you working tomorrow?No,Im not. 5 Will you be at home tomorrow morning?Maybe. 6 Are you going to watch television?I might. 7 Are you going out in the afternoon?Yes,I am. 8 Are you going shopping?Perhaps. Now write about Bill.Use mnight where necessary. 1 . . r .. g go out tomorrow GVCVI/ hg. 3 He69 69. 70 Comui gou open the door,pLeatse? He can play the piano.lcan + iqnitive (can do /can play /can come etc. ):do do?I/ we/ you/ they can play can I/ we / y0u/they play?he/ she/ it cant (cannot) see he/ she/ it see?come etc.come?etc. I can do something =I know how to do it,or il i5 possible for me to do it:.l can play the piano.My brother can play the piano too.J Sarah can speak Italian,but she cant speak Spanislu. Can you swim? Yes,but Im not a very good swimmer. Can you change twenty pounds? Im sorry,I cant. D Im havng a party next week,but Paul and Rachel cant come. For the past (yesterday /last week etc. ), we use could/ couldnt: D When I was young, l could run very fast.E Before Maria came to Britain,she couldnt understand much English.Now she can understand everything.I:I was tired last night,but I couldnt sleep.E I had a party last week,but Paul and Rachel couldnt come. Can you? C0u1d youPCan I? C0uld I PWe use Can you?or Could you3 Can you open the door,please?or?when we ask people to do things:Could you open the door,please? Z1 Can you wait a moment,please?or Could you wait? We use Can I haveP or Could I have?to ask for something:Z1 (in a shop) Can I have these postcards,please?or Could I have? Can I?or Could I?= is it OK to do SOmGthingP:E!Tom,can I borrow your unibrella? or Tom,could I borrow your umbrella?E] (on the phone) Hello,can I speak to Gary,please?orcould I speak? May I? > Unit 29 70. Exercises30.1 Ask Steve if he can do these things: 1l 0 kilometresCan you do these things?Write sentences about yourself.Use I can or l can't. 30.2 Complete these sentences.Use can or can't + one of these verbs:eome nd hear see speak 1 Im sorry,but weto your party next Saturday.2 I like this hotel room.You . ... ... .. . .the mountains from the window,3 You are speaking very quietly.I. ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . you.4 Have you seen my bag?I . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . it.5 Catherine got the job because sheve languages.30.3 Complete these sentences.Use can't or couldn't + one of these verbs: decide eat nd go go sleep 1 I was tired,but 1.2 I wasnt hungry yesterday.l . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .....my dinner.3 Kate doesnt know what to do.She4 I wanted to speak to Martin yesterday,but Ihim. . ... .. . . to the concert next Saturday.He has to work... ... . . . to the meeting last week.She was ill. 5 james 6 Paula.30.4 What do you say in these situations?Use can or could. 1 (open) 1' A ?o v u . ... th. ic. ... d4>o. r,. .P. Le Units.2.7222.must > una;31 74. Exercises32.132.232.332.432.5Unit 32Complete the sentences.Use you should + these verbs:eat go take watch.1 When you play tennis, visit wear the ball.2 It's late and you're very tired. to bed. 3 . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . . plenty of uit and vegetables. 4 Ifyou have time,the Science Museum.It's very interesting.5 When you're driving, . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . a seat belt. 6 Its too far to walk from here to the station... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .....a taxi. Write about the people in the pictures.Use He/ She shouldn'tso.2 I-Ie You are not sure what to do,so you ask a friend.Write questions with Do you think I should? 1 You are in a shop. You are trying on ajacket.(buy? )You ask your friend: 2 You can't drive.(learn? )You ask your friend:Do you think . ... ... . . . 3 You don't like your job.(get anotherjob. )You ask your friend:. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 4 You are going to have a party.(invite Gary? )You ask your friend:. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . .Write sentences with I thinkshouldand I don't thinkshould. 1 We have to get up early tomorrow.(go home now) . ... ... ... . . . 2 That coat is too big for you.(buy it)49"393 You don't need your car.(sell it) . ... ... . . . 4 Karen needs a rest.(have a holiday) . ... .....5 Sally and Dan are too young.(get married)6 You're not well this morning.go to work)7 james isn't well today.(go to the doctor)8 The hotel is too expensive for us.(stay there)What do y_0_u think?Write sentences with should. 1 1 think.2 I think everybody . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .....3 Ithink . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .....4 I don't think . . 5 I think I should . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . 75 75. Th/ s L5 mg medicine.l have to take Li:three tLmes a dtag.I have to do something =it is necessary for me to do it, I am obliged to do itto doto workto goto wear etc. l/ we/ you/ they havehe/ she/ it has D I'll be late for work tomorrow.I have to go to the dentist.D jane starts work at 7 o'clock,so she has to get up at 6. D You have to pass a test before you can get a driving licence. i 5 I The past (yesterday /last week etc. ) is had to:D I was late for work yesterday.I had to go to the dentist.D We had to walk home last night.There were no buses. i ' In questions and negatives we use do/ does (present) and did (past): presentdo 1/ we/you/they I/ we/ you/ they donthave tohave to?does he/ she/ it he/ she/ it doesnt past.I/ we/ you/ they I/ we/ you/ they ., d'a he/ she/ it R ' he/ she/ it "m" t ha ' D What time do you have to go to the dentist tomorrow?D Does jane have to work on Sundays?D Why did they have to leave the party early? I dont have to (do something) =it is not necessary to do it:D I'm not working tomorrow,so I dont have to get up early.D Ian doesnt have to work very hard.He's got an easyjob.D We didnt have to wait very long for the bus it came in a few minutes. ' must and have toYou can use must or have to when you say what you think is necessary,when you give your opinion: D It's a fantastic lm.You must see it.or You have to see it. When you are not gving your personal opinion,use have to (not must).Compare: D jane won't be at work this afternoon.She has to go to the doctor. (this is not my personal opinion it is a fact)Il jane isn't well.She doesn't want to go to the doctor,but I told her she must go.(this is my personal opinion)76 must/mustnt I don't need to > Unit 31 76. Exercises33.133.233.333.433.533.6Complete the sentences.Use have to or has to + these verbs: do hit read speak travel wear-My eyes are not very good.l glasses. At the end of the course all the students. . a test. Sarah is studying literature.She a lot of books. Albert doesn't tinderstand much English.You very slowly to him.Kate is not often at home.She . . a lot in herjob. In tennis you . . the ball over the net.OUl-P-b-BJl4Complete the sentences.Use have to or had to + these verbs:-wall( l We home last night.There were no buses. buy change goanswer2 It's late.I . ...now.I'll see you tomorrow. 3 I went to the supermarket after work yesterday.I . ...some food. 4 This train doesn't go all the way to London.You .. .at Bristol.5 We did an exam yesterday.We . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .....six questions out of ten. Complete the questions.Some are present and some are past. J1 I have to get up early tomorrow.What time B.9l4,. ..h4:? (er. ..1Q. ...9/1 Unit 52=I would like: D (in a tourist (Jjfce) Id like some informatior) about hotels,please.j Im feeling tired.Id like to stay at home this evening. Do you likeP /I like D0 goti like bea? would,goa like some now? Do you like tea?= Do you think tea is nice?D A:D0 you like going to the cinema?(in genera! ) B:Yes, I go to the cinema a lot. Il I like oranges.(in genera! )Il What do you like to do at weekends? I would do something if> Unit 100 78. Exercises34.134.234.3Unit 34What are the people in the pictures saying?Use Would you like? What do you say to Sue in these situations?Use Would you like to? 1 You want to go to the cinema tonight.Perhaps Sue will go with you.(go) You say:woalat. .uo. s4..ton. tght? ... .-.2 You want to play tennis tomorrow.Perhaps Sue will play too.(play)You say:.... . 3 You have an extra ticket for a concert next week.Perhaps Sue will come.(come)You say:4 It's raining and Sue is going out.She hasnt got an umbrella,but you have one.(borrow)You say:Which is right? I /Would you like a chocolate? 2 Do you like /Would you like bananas? Do you like / W0uld you like an ice-cream? What do you like /would you like to drink? A glass of water,pleaseDo you like /Would you like to go out for a walk? Not now.Perhaps later. I like /I'd like tomatoes,but l don't eat them very often. What time do you like /would you like to have dinner this evening? Do you like /Would you like something to eat? No,thanks.I'm not hungry. D0 you like /Would you like your newjob? Yes,I'm enjoying it. 10 I'm tired.l like /I'd like to go to sleep now. 11 I like /I'd like a sandwich,please. Sure.What kind of sandwich? 12 What kind ofmusic do you like /would you like? All kinds. 'Yes,please. Yes,I love them No,thank you. (Would you like i5 right)OlCU'| -l>-b-79 79. Do this!Don't do that!Let's do this!IIIIIII! I * .l lMWe use come/ look/ go/ wait/ do/ be etc.when we tell somebody to do something:D Come here and look at this! What is it? D I don't want to talk to you.G0 away!D I'm not ready yet.Please wait for me.D Please be quiet.I'm working. also E Bye!Have a good holiday!/ Have a nice time!/ Have a good ight!/ Have fun!(=I hope you have a good holiday etc. ) E Have a chocolate. Oh,thanks. (2 would you like a chocolate? )I We use dontwhen we tell somebody not to do something:_ Be careful!Dont fall. _ Please dont go.Stay here with me. E Be here on time.Dont be late. ' l You can say Letswhen you want people to do things with you.Lets :Let us. Are 30a readg?Let's go.7 i . o? )II It's a nice day.Lets go out.(=you and I can go out) D Come on!Lets dance.(2 you ami I can dance) Il Are you ready?Lets go.J Lets have sh for dinner tonight.A:Shall we go out tonight?B:No,I'm tired.Lets stay at home.The negative is Lets not: L_.It's cold.Lets not go out.Let's stay at home._ Lets not have sh for dinner tonight.Let's have chicken. Or you can say Dont lets:l:It's cold.Dont lets go out.Let's stay at home. 80. Umt3535.1 Look at the pictures.What are the people saying?Some sentences are positive (buyleome etc. ) and some are negative (don't buy /don't come etc. ). Use these verbs: Exercisesbe buy some d-e-n-ls- drop forget have sit sleep smile It's too expensive. '< .1 .HgWLk/ v " 4 I'm going to 9 . ... ... ... ... .....careful with that bed now. itl /(g "xDon't worry.I won't.35.2 Complete the sentences.Use let's with: wait a little watch TVgo to a restaurant take a taxi Would you like to play tennis?No,L"'C Uni;O has/ have been > Units i541 3 will > Unit 27 there is/ are > Unit85 there and it > Units 37. 3C some and any > Llvil 7G 86. Exercises38.138.238.3EFDHF H? 'Unit 38 Look at the two pictures.Now the room is empty.but what was in the room last week?Choose from the box and write sentences with There wasor There were.an armchar a carpet some flowers a sofa some books a-eleele three pictures a small table last week now _ = ==+I A1 . . on the wall near the window. 2 on the oor. 3on the wall near the door. 4in the middle of the room. 5on the table. 6 . . on the shelves. 7in the corner near the door. 8.opposite the armchair, Write there was /there wasn't l was there or there were /there weren't /were there.1 I was hungry,butanything to eat. 2any phone messages for me yesterday? 3 l opened the envelope,but it was empty... nothing in it. 4 We stayed at a very nice hotel. Really?... . a swimming pool? 5 Did you buy any eggs? No, .,. . . . any in the shop. 6 The wallet was empty...any money in it. 7 . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .many people at the meeting? No,very few. 8 Wc didnt visit the museum... ... ... ... . . . .enough time. 9 Im sorry Im late... ... . . . . . a lot oftraic. 10 Twenty years ago. .many tourists here.Now there are a lot.Write there + is /are /was l were /has been /have been /will be. 1 . ,.. ..Th9"9 a good lm on TV last night.2 . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . 24 hours in a day.3 . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . . a party at the club last Friday,but I didnt go. 4 Where can I buy a newspaper? a shop at the end of the street. 5 Why are those policemen outside the6 When we arrived at the theatre, a long qu 7 When you arrive tomorrow, somebody at the station to meet you.8 Ten years ago . ... .....500 children at the school.Now . ... . . . more than a thousand. 9 Last week l went back to the town where l was born.Its very dif-erent now. .a lot of changes.10 I think everything will be OK.I dont think bank? , . a robbery. eue outside. any problems. 87 87. 88 It We use t for time/ day/ distance/ weather:ltinteD What time is it?1 D Its half past ten. D Its late. D Its time to go home. day l:What day is it?THUR E ItsThursd1y E Its 16 Match.D It was my birthday yesterday.distante our bont t:Its three kilometres from our house to the city centre.(a/ a E How far is it from New York to Los Angeles?o?D Its a long way from here to the station.g?D We can walk home.It isnt far.a? ! We use far in questions (is it far? ) and negatives (it isnt far).O01 m In positive sentences,we use a long way (its a long way).rueather l:Its raining.It isnt raning.ls it snowing?l:It rains a lot here.It didnt rain yesterday.Does it snow very often?I /l /l {,61 j g J il /l:Its warm/ hot/ cold/ ne/ Cloudy/ vvindy/ sunny/ foggy/ dark etc.r " /J * ' l I l l:Its a nice day today. Compare it and there:D It rains a lot in winter.There is a lot of rain in winter.D It was very windy.There was a strong wind yesterday. Its nice toetc. easy /diicult /impossible /dangerous /safeIts .. .. .toexpensive /mterestmg /nice /wonderful /terrible etc.D Its nice to see you again.D Its impossible to understand her.D It wasnt easy to nd your house. Dont forget it: D Its rainjng again.(not ls raining again) D Is it true that youre going away?(not Is true that . ..)there is > Unit 37 88. Exercises39.139.239.339.439.5Write about the weather in the pictures.Use It's.1 What time . ... ... ... . .2We must go now. true that Bil can fly a helicopter? What day today?Tuesday? No,.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . . Wednesday. ten kilometres om the airport to the city centre. . possible to phone you at your office? Do you want to walk to the hotel? I dont know.I-Iow far . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . ? 8 . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .....Lisas birthday today.Shes 27.9 I dont believe it! impossible. very late.NGNUT-P-LONWrite questions with How far?1 (here /the station)2 (the hotel /the beach) I-low . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .....3 (New York /Washington) . ... .. . . 4 (your house /the airport) . ... .. . .Write it or there. 1 The weather isnt so nice today.. . s cloudy. 2 The/ W was a strong wind yesterday. 3. ... .. . . s hot in this room.Open a window. 4 was a nice day yesterday... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . . was warm and sunny.5 was a storm last night.Did you hear it? 6 I was afraid because . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .....was very dark. 7 . ... ... ... . . . . . s often cold here,butisnt much rain. 8 s a long way from here to the nearest shop. Complete the sentences.Choose from the boxes. work in this ofce visit different placeseeeueeeergo out alone make friendsdangerous nice O interestingeasyelifeu-lt-impossible see you again in the morning. .How are you? 1 If you go to bed late,.2 I-lelloJane.4 Everybody is very nice at work.5 I like travelling.6 Some cities are not safe.. ... ... ... ... ... ...... There is too much noise.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ....,..at night89 89. She isnt tired,but he is.He likes tea,but she doesnt.(he is :he is tired) (she doesnt :she doesnt like tea)In these examples,it is not necessary to repeat some words (he is tired, she doesnt like tea). You cari use these verbs in the same way: am/ s/ are D I havent got a car,but my sister has.(=my sister has got a car) was/ were D A:Please help me. have/ has Im sorry.I cant.(=l cant help you) do/ does/ did D :Are you tired? canwill D mightmust DI was,but Im not now.(=I was tired,but Im not tired now) ' Do you think Jane will phone this evening? She might.(=she might phone)' Are you going now? Yes,Im afraid I must.(:I must go) PFPWPFP>PYou carino! use m/ s/ ve etc.(shortforms) in this way.You must use am/ is/ have etc.: D She isnt tired,but he is.(notbut hes)But you cari use isnt /havent /wont etc.(itegative short forms): D My sister has got a car,but I havent. D Are you and jane working tomorrow? l am,but jane isnt. You can use I am /Im not etc.aer Yes and No:D Are you tired? Yes,I am./ No,Im not. D Will Alan be here tomorrow? Yes,he will./ No,he wont. D ls there a bus to thc airport? Yes,there is./ No,there isnt. We use do/ does for the present simple (> Units 6-7):D l dont like hot weather,but Sue does.(=Sue likes hot weather)D Sue works hard,but l dont.(=I don't work hard) D Do you enjoy your work? Yes,l do. We use did for the past simple (> Unit 12):D A:Did you and Chris enjoy the film? B:I did,but Chris didnt.(=I enjoyed it,but Chris didnt enjoy it) D I had a good time. l did too. (=I enjoyed it too) D Did it rain yesterday? No,it didnt. have you?/ don't you?etc.> Unit 41 so am Il neither do I etc.> Unit 42 90. Exercises40. 140.240.340.440. 5Unit 40Complete these sentences.Use only one verb (is/ have/ can etc. ) each time. 4 I havent seen the film,butTom.5 Karen wont be here,but Chris .6 You werent late,but I . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . . 1 Kate wasnt hungry,but we 2 Im not married,but niy brother . . 3 Bill cant help you,but IComplete these sentences with a negative verb (isn'tlhaven'tlcan't etc. ).4 Mark has been to China,but I.5 Im ready to go,butTom .. 6 lve got a key,but Sally. 1 My sister can play the piano,but I.2 Sam is working today,but I . ... ... ... ... . . . 3 I was working,but my friends . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ......Complete these sentences with do/ does/ did or don't/ doesn't/ didn't. 2 Sue likes hot weather,but I 3 My mother wears glasses,but my father .You dont know Paul very well,but I. . I didnt enjoy the party,but my friends.l dont watch TV inucli,but Peter . Kate lives in London,but her parentsYou had breakfast this morning,but I .O3JOU1PComplete the sentences.Write about yourself and other people.1 I didnt2 l like 3 I dont . . 4 Im 5 I havent Put in a verb,positive or negative.1 Are you tired? I . ... . 315%?.. ... . . . earlier,but Im not now. 2 Steve is happy today,but lieyesterday. 3 The post office isnt open yet,but th shops. 4 I havent got a telescope,but I know somebody who. 5 I would like to help you,but Im afraid I. 6 I dont usually go to work by car,but I. . yesterday. 7 A:Have you ever been to the United States? B:No,but Sandra . ..She went there on holiday last year.8 Do you and Chris watch TV a lot? I . ., but Chris doesnt. 9 lve been iiivted to Sams wedding,but Kate10 Do you think Sarah will pass her driving test? Yes,I in sure she. . 11 Are you going out tonight? I.I dont know for sure. 40.6 Answer these questions about yourself.Use Yes.I have.I No,I'm not.etc. 1 Are you American?.. ... . . .!. l;!. .". .... !. !! >.-, ... .2 Have you got a car? 3 Do you feel OK? 4 Is it snowing? 5 Are you hungry? 6 Do you like classical music? 7 Will you be in Paris tomorrow? 8 Have you ever broken your arni? 9 Did you buy anything yesterday? 10 Were you asleep at 3 a. in. ? 91. i mil1 i You can say have you?/ is it?/ cant he?etc.to show that you are nterested or surprised:3 Y0ure late. D I was ill last week. D Its raining again. Have you? lve,bought a.new car. ZJ Theres a letter for you. j Bill cant drive. D Im not hungry. Il Sue isnt at work today. Are you? l I'm wrbtlng 0L book.l i.il i. V 5K gK pOh,am I?Im sorry. Arent you?I am. Isnt she?Is she ill? Are got/ t reaug?What about? Don't you?etc.I don't like George. Were you?I didnt know that. Is it?It was sunny ten minutes ago. Is there?Where is it? Cant he?I didnt know that. Use do/ does for the present si/ nple,and did for the past simple: i |Question tagsYou can use have you?/ is it?/ cant she?etc.at the end ofa sentence. These mini-questions are question tags. WSally lives in London,You closed the window,Those shoes are nice,Tom will be here soon, hIl I speak four languages. D Tim doesnt eat meat. Il Nicole got married last week. positive sentence -> negative question mgisnt it? doesnt she?didnt you?arent they?wont he? Its a beautiful day, negative sentence > positive question tagThat isnt your car,is it?You havent met my mother,have you?Sally doesnt go out much,does she?You wont be late,will you? 92T_ l am /I don't etc.> Unit 40D0 you?Which ones? Doesnt he?Does he eat sh? Did she?Really? It's 0L beautb/ L Mg,isnt lit?Yes,it's perfect.Yes,thats right.Yes,I think so.Yes,very nice.Yes,ptobably.No,its my niothefs.No,I havent. No,she doesnt.No,Im never late. Dont gou?Whg not? 92. Exercises41.141.241.341.4Unit 41Answer with Do you? ! Doesn't she?/ Did they?etc. J1 I speak four languages.. Which ones? 2 I work in a bank.. I work in a bank too.3 I didnt go to work yesterday.. Were you ill? 4 jane doesn't like me.. Why not? 5 You look tired.. .l feel ne. 6 Kate phoned me last night.. What did she say? e What make is m . ... ..P995Y't Q. .. .7 Does he eat sh?.. ... . . , ?When did you last have it? ?She should learn. .I didnt know that. .Was the bed Lincomfortable? .Are you going to watch it? .Why not? .How is she? .What kind of factory? .Where will you be? .It was working yesterday. lve bought a new car. Tim doesn't eat meat. lve lost my key. Sue cant drive. I was born in Italy. I didnt sleep well last night.Theres a film on TV tonight.Im not happy. I saw Paola last week. Maria works in a Factory. l won't be here next week.The clock isnt working. Complete these sentences with a question tag (isn't it?l haven't you?etc. ).KIt's a beautiil day, lit These Howers are nice,jane was at the party,You've been to Paris,You speak German,Martin looks tired, . .....Youll help me, Yes,its perfect. Yes,what are they? Yes,but I didnt speak to her.Yes,many times. Yes,but not very well. Yes,he works very hard. Yes,of course l will.umana-mix) "J4'J"'J')1")"|-J Complete these sentences with a question tag.positive (is it?l do you?etc. ) or negative (isn't it?/ don't you?etc. ).N 1 You haven't got a car,.. ..... l.. .-Y? Unit 7 past simple questions > Unit 12 questions 2-3 > Units 45-46 98 what/ which/ how > Units 47-4B 98. Exercises Unit 4444.1 Write questions. 1 I can swim. 2 I work hard. 3 I was late this morning. 4 I've got a key. 5 Ill be here tomorrow. 6 I'm going out this evening.7 I like myjob. 8 I live near here. 9 I enjoyed the lm.10 I had a good holiday. 44.2 You are talking to a friend about driving,Write the full questions. YouN(have /a car? )(use /a lot? ). ... ... . , . it . ... ... .. . . (use /yesterday? )(enjoy driving? )(a good driver? ) . ....,..(ever /have /an accident? ) . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . . Yes,I have. Yes,nearly every day.Yes,to go to work.Not very much. I think I am. No,never. ome-www 44.3 Make questions with these words.Put the words in the right order. (has /gone /where /David? ). ... ... ... .....(working /Rachel /is /today? ) (the children /what /are /doing? ) what . . (made /is /how /cheese? )(to the party /coming /is /your sister? )(you /the truth /tell /don't /why? ) . ... .....(your guests /have /yet /arrived? )(leave /what time /your train /does? )(( to work /Emily /why /go /didn't? )your car /in the accident /was /damaged? )l OO00lO'U'l-PL>l)r 44.4 Complete the questions. I want to go out. Kate and Paul aren't going to the party.I'm reading. Sue went to bed early. My parents are going on holiday. I saw Tom a few days ago. l can't come to the party. Tina has gone away. I need some money. Angela doesn't like me. It rains Sometimes.I did the shopping. wherewhy . .,99 what.What time OOIOU'| I>b-l)How much . . How often . ... ... . . . when . ... . ... ... ... .. . . 99. . Vi Who likes oranges? George.What does George like? Oranges.D jane won a new car.> Who won a new car?wjane.What did jane win? A new car. Use who for people (somebody).Use what for things,ideas etc.(something):Who is your favouritc singer?:I What is your favourite song? 100 questions > Units 44. 46 whatlwhich/ how > Unit 47L ' 100. Exercises45.145.245.3Unit 45Make questions with who or what.In these questions,who/ what is the Subject.. 4 1 Somebody broke the window. . .WI"Q. ..V(? Lvl)=have you lived here? Write questions with How? 1 Are you 1 metre 70? 1.75? 1.80?2 Is this box one kilogram?Two?Three?3 Are you 20 years old?22? 25?4 Did you spend L20? 530? L50?5 Do you watch TV every day?Once a week?Never? 6mes from l M15 co 105. How long does it take fromto. How long does it take by piane from N1 YOTk New York to Washington?1 hour It takes an hour. Y Washington D How long does it take by train from London to Manchester?D It takes two hours by train from London to Manchester. D How long does it take by car from your house to the station?D It takes ten minutes by car from my house to the station. How long does it take to do something? a week a long time three hoursdoesHow long did it take to?will D How long does it take to cross the Atlantic by ship?D I came by train. Did you?How long did it take (to get here)? D I-Iow long will it take to get from here to the hotel? D It takes a long time to learn a language.D It doesnt take long to cook an omelette.D It wont take long to x the computer. How long does it take you to do something? does How long did willcakes a week took a long time wil] take three hoursI started reading the book on Monday.I nished it on Wednesday evening. It took me three days t0 read it. D I-Iow long will it take me to learn to drive?D It takes Tom 20 minutes to get to work in the morning.D It took us an hour to do the shopping. D Did it take you a long time to nd ajob? D It will take me an hour to cook dinner. 106. Exercises48.148.248.348.4Unit 48Look at the pictures and write questions with How long? y ,godranno qen, ._". -_z-, x.i C How long does it take to do these things?Write full sentences. 1 y from your city/ country to London2 y from your city/ country to New York 3 study to be a doctor in your country 4 walk from your home to the nearest shop5 get from your home to the nearest airportWrite questions with How long did it take? 1 (lane found a job. ). . 2 (I walked to the station. )you3 (Tom painted the bathroom. ) 4 (I learnt to ski. )5 (They repaired the computer. ) . .. .Read the situations and write sentences with It took. 1 I read a book last week.I started reading it on Monday.I nished it three days later. .2 We walked home last night.We left at 10 ocl0ck and we arrived home at 10.20.3 I learnt to drive last year.I had my rst driving lesson in january.I passed my driving test six months later. 4 Mark drove to London yesterday.I-Ie.left home at 7 olcilock and5began looking for ajob a long time ago.She got a job last 6 Write a set-trance about jroursel107 107. I108 D0 you know where? I don't know whatetc.Do gou know where Paula L5?Where is Paula