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How has the computers changed how graphic design is produced
In this essay I will be discussing ‘how has the computers changed how graphic design is produced’. I will hope to see different ways that people have used graphic design across time. I want to know the people that were involved in creating computer graphic design. So hopefully I will be able to answer
these questions and also link it to my work.
In the modern day world, it is hard to deny the presence of Graphic design in our daily lives. Graphic design is everywhere, in every package and product of the modern world. It fills every walking moment of our day. Although the graphic design discipline was introduced less than a century ago, the world has since come to rely upon it. The introduction of new technologies and software’s in the field of Graphic Design has made life easier for Graphic Designers; however, it wasn’t the case some decades ago. The lack of computer technologies inspired to creativity and resulted in some of the most remarkable designs and innovations. Therefore, it is important to acknowledge the people who played an important role in setting the principles of modern day Graphic Design. Here is a list of people who are considered as the most influential; in other words, true legends of the Graphic Design industry. Graphics is defined as the production of visual statements on some surface, such as a wall, canvas, pottery, computer screen, paper, stone or landscape. It includes everything that relates to creation of signs, charts, logos, graphs, drawings, art, symbols, and geometric designs and so on. Graphic design is the art or profession of combining text, pictures, and ideas in advertisements, publication, or website. At its widest definition, it therefore includes the whole history of art, although painting and other aspects of the subject are more usually treated as art history. In the olden days they used a method called printing; this is the process of making artworks by printing on paper and other materials or surfaces. Except in the case of mono-‐typing, the process is capable of producing multiples of the same pieces, which is called a print. Each piece is not a copy but an original since it is not a reproduction of another work of art and is technically known as an impression. Painting or drawings, on the other hand, create a unique original piece of artwork. Prints are created from a single original surface, known technically as a matrix. Common types of matrices include: plates of metal, usually copper or zinc for engraving or etching; stone, used for lithography; blocks of wood for woodcuts, linoleum for linocuts and fabric plates for screen-‐printing. But there are many other kinds, discussed below. Works printed from a single plate create an edition, in modern times usually each signed and numbered to form a limited edition. Prints may also be published in book form, as artist's books. A single print could be the product of one or multiple techniques. Various methods are used to create and combine words, symbols, and images to create a visual representation of ideas and messages. A graphic designer may use typography, visual arts and page layout techniques to produce the final result. Graphic design often refers to both the process (designing) by which the communication is created and the products (designs) which are generated.
This image of a horse was taken from the Lascaux caves in the stone age
times.
In the mid-‐80s, technology came together to create the Corel PageMaker computer application. This started a revolution in graphic design by drastically changing the process. When desktop publishing (DTP) was born, many aspects of traditional graphic design were laid to rest. This change in tools came with a change in the daily tasks of graphic designers, as well as a change in the educational requirements and focus of study.
Computers simplified the process because more of the work could be completed in house. The computer applications included fonts, font sizes and leading options, eliminating the need for a typesetter. The process also became simpler because you could begin working on the final project immediately. The flexibility of computer applications allows you to easily make changes. The digital format of the projects made receiving the clients’ approval faster because you could now send it to them electronically. All of these changes streamlined the process and made it more economical. Computers allow one person to do all of the tasks that used to require an entire team of designers.
Computer technology marched forward, and graphic-‐design software improved along with it. QuarkXPress replaced PageMaker, giving graphic designers more control and flexibility in their work. More than a decade after that, Adobe released InDesign, which has increased functionality and is now widely used in the graphic design industry. Charles Csuri was known as the father of computer graphics. Also known as Chuck Csuri, he is a pioneer in the field of computer art and a former All American college football player. In 1964 he experimented with computer graphics technology and the following year, he started making computer graphic films. His research into computer animation and graphics has won him international reknown. With support from the National Science Foundation, the Navy and the Air force Office Scientific research, over 22 years he directed research into computer graphics with computer science graduates. The results of this research have been widely used e.g. in flight simulators, computer-‐aided design, magnetic resonance imaging, architecture and special effects. Many well known animation films, like Star Wars and Toy Story, have had graduates from his program working on them. The artists that I have decided to look at are Patrick Boyer and Sean Rodwell. Patrick Boyer was acknowledged as one of the most influential designers by Web Design Magazine, he began his career as a Designer/ Art Director in 1998 through "Urban Cowboy", an international acclaimed creative design identity. With a strong background in Marketing and Communication, Patrick has used his distinct style and knowledge of the industry to develop a growing reputation as "one of the hottest designers around" (Digital Creative Arts). He has been featured and profiled in numerous press coverage including magazine covers and features on DVDs and books for Illustrations, Branding, Art Direction, Fashion, Animation and Design. Clients: Coke, Coors, Wines of France, DaimlerChrysler, Intimissimi, Ministry of Sound, Mercedes-‐Benz. I chose to look at Patrick Boyer as one of my graphic designers because I wanted to see an artist that uses various objects in a piece of artwork that brings the image to one, and also the same object but in different ways to see different outcomes that I can get.
A piece of Patrick
Boyer’s work.
Situated where the Lincolnshire countryside gives way to the sea, Aeriform first opened its doors in 1997.Founded by Sean Rodwell, the studio works extensively in the field of high impact illustration on a range of advertising, fashion, music & editorial projects. Constantly evolving through technological and aesthetic advances, we aim to provide dynamic visuals to our base of high profile clients, old & new. We also love to get involved with smaller independent companies that require a visual boost.
I chose to look at the work of Sean Rodwell because I wanted to study an Illustrator that works in a modern style. I like the way he uses his imagination to create his images, I also like the wide range of colours that he uses, it brings the image to life. The image has quiet a lot of colour init, but because of the way
Sean Rodwell designed this image, it allows the image to be able to use all the colour without making the image look like its over-‐the-‐top. This type of work could really help me a lot in my project.
In conclusion I have learnt how people used to do graphic design and different ways that they have been published. I have also learnt that one of the main people involved with computer graphic design is Charles Csuri and he played a big part in the graphical world. Computers have allowed people to design more sophisticated images and outcomes. With everything that I have learnt and found out, I can now implement into my work.
A piece of Sean Rodwell’s work.