ESRU Development and In-Sea Testing of a Single Point Mooring Supported Contra-rotating Marine...
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![Page 1: ESRU Development and In-Sea Testing of a Single Point Mooring Supported Contra-rotating Marine Turbine (CoRMaT) Cameron Johnstone Director: Energy Systems.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56649d605503460f94a4116e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ESRU
Development and In-Sea Testing of a Single Point Mooring Supported Contra-rotating
Marine Turbine (CoRMaT)
Cameron JohnstoneDirector: Energy Systems Research Unit
University of Strathclyde, UKwww.esru.strath.ac.uk
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Technology: Next Generation Tidal Turbine• The novel idea behind the contra-rotating turbine concept is to use
two closely spaced dissimilar rotors, moving in opposite directions
• This has several technical and cost advantages over single rotor designs:
– Increases relative shaft output speed– Increases the efficiency of energy capture– Eliminates complex blade pitch control– Reduces turbulent flow downstream of the rotors– Minimises reactive torque, thus promising a single point mooring
possibility– Increases the dynamic stability of the turbine in the tidal flow
• Electrical power take off is possible via direct drive of a contra-rotating generator, or by separate generators
ESRU
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Concept Development
Hub
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
2 4 6 8 10 12
Tip speed ratio
Po
wer
co
eff
icie
nt
nominal plus2deg plus4deg
Poly. (nominal) Poly. (plus2deg) Poly. (plus4deg)
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 20 40 60 80 100
Time (seconds)
Vgen (V)
Pitch (deg)
Roll (deg)
Phase 1: Tank Testing Phase 2: Rotor Testing Phase 3: System Testing
ESRU
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Phase 1: 1/30th Scale Turbine Tow-Tank Tests
Hub
– Rotor performance:• Torque/ speed characteristics (power out).• Changes in blade pitch angle and rotor spacing.• Interaction between rotors.
– Structural/ mooring system• Dynamic loading due to reactive torque.
ESRU
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1/30th Scale Turbine Tow Tank Testing
Hub
ESRU
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1/30th Scale Turbine Performance ( )
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
2 4 6 8 10 12
Tip speed ratio
Po
wer
co
eff
icie
nt
nominal plus2deg plus4deg
Poly. (nominal) Poly. (plus2deg) Poly. (plus4deg)
ESRU
![Page 7: ESRU Development and In-Sea Testing of a Single Point Mooring Supported Contra-rotating Marine Turbine (CoRMaT) Cameron Johnstone Director: Energy Systems.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56649d605503460f94a4116e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Phase 2: 1/7th Scale 2.5m Blades – FEM DesignESRU
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1/7th Scale CoRMaT alongside MV St Hilda
Miller Fifer 36’
ESRU
![Page 9: ESRU Development and In-Sea Testing of a Single Point Mooring Supported Contra-rotating Marine Turbine (CoRMaT) Cameron Johnstone Director: Energy Systems.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56649d605503460f94a4116e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
1/7th Scale CoRMaT Operating
Miller Fifer 36’
ESRU
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1/7th Scale Turbine Performance
• Results are as predicted - within test series.
Rotor Dynamics Recorded
ESRU
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Phase 3 Objectives (2008/ 09)
• To take the proven power capture, wake minimisation and torque cancelling properties of CoRMaT and integrate them into a standalone system that:
– Can easily be deployed, maintained, and recovered
– Generates electricity from a direct drive alternator
– Proves the proposed single-point mooring system
• Complete financial appraisal of scaling to a full scale system and development of the commercialisation plan.
ESRU
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Phase 3 CRT-2 Schematic
Axial Flux Generator
Contra-rotating Blades
Rear Buoyancy
Front Buoyancy
To Tether
ESRU
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Direct Drive, Open-to-sea Generator• Advantages:
– Ease of construction– Nacelle & casing leaks not an issue– Natural cooling– No complex sealing requirement– No large diameter seal friction
• Disadvantages:– Hydrodynamic effects of rotating
generator parts (negligible)– Marine growth potential
• Axial flux • Permanent magnet Ne-Fe-B• Rectified 3-phase output
ESRU
SpineRotors
Ne-Fe-B Magnets
Stator
Prime Mover 1
Shaft Prime Mover 2
Shaft
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CoRMaT Test-tank Video ESRU
![Page 15: ESRU Development and In-Sea Testing of a Single Point Mooring Supported Contra-rotating Marine Turbine (CoRMaT) Cameron Johnstone Director: Energy Systems.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56649d605503460f94a4116e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
CoRMaT Mooring
• Single point tether from either a seabed gravity base or anchors:
– ease of installation and retrieval,
– low cost,– available proven
components,– flexible configuration, tuned
for differing depths, tidal climates and seabed composition.
– tracking of tidal diamond
ESRU
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CoRMaT System Test Locations
1) Kyles of Bute
2) Sound of Islay
ESRU
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CoRMaT System Test Location 1
Test SiteKyles of Bute
Site chosen as:– sheltered,– 2.6 knot tide,– easy access,– range of
shallow water depths (6 – 10m).
ESRU
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CoRMaT System Testing
Installed miniCoRMaT system at slack water
Submerged Turbine
ESRU
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Turbine Performance – Stability KoB
• Stability of device is good – improves under greater loading
-2-1.5
-1-0.5
00.5
11.5
22.5
33.5
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
Time (seconds)
Deg
rees
Turb Pitch (deg)
Turb Roll (deg)
ESRU
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Sound of Islay (Visual Impact!)
Turbine buoy
ESRU
Site chosen as:– more
energetic,– 5.2 knot tide,– water depths
(12– 42 m).
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FFT Analysis of CoRMaT pitch data showing dominant frequencies at Islay
Pitch Fn F1 F2 F3
Hz 0.597 1.792 3.885 8.167
Source Oversize nacelle
Fundamental rotor 1 speed
Combined rotor speed
Karman vortex
shedding
F2
FnF1 F3
ESRU
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FFT Analysis of CoRMaT roll data showing dominant frequencies at Islay
ESRU
F3
F5 F6F4
F1
Roll F1 F4 F5 F6
Hz 1.859 9.362 35.657 47.742
Source Fundamental rotor 1 speed
5*F1 PMG stator non
uniformities (9*F2)
Blade- blade interactions
(12*F2)
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CoRMaT Islay Deployment Video at ‘Slack Water !!!’
ESRU
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CoRMaT: Next Phase, 2010 - University Spin-out Company- Marine Renewables Development
Deploy (X) x 250 kW turbines
Operate for 1 year and monitor deviceperformance and interactions
Option C chosen due to ‘off-the-shelf’ component availability
Direct drive 2 x 125 kW gen-sets per device
Development and Up-scaling of contra-rotating generator for next phase of deployment (Option D). Now being implemented
ESRU
G Gearbox GGearbox
A)
GDiff.
Gearbox
B)
G G
C)
D)G
Power Take-off Options
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Conclusion• Contra-rotation can produce zero reactive torque, eliminate
the need for a gearbox and enable direct drive of a contra-rotating generator.
• Low cost single point mooring provides station keeping in different tidal stream conditions, without impacting on device performance.
• Simplified single point mooring system enables quick and easy deployment/ recovery.
• Considerably reduced system, installation and operational costs attained
• All IPR belongs solely to the University of Strathclyde with a sole license agreement to the University spinout company.
• UK (GB2005/161492) and International patents.
ESRU