ESPON Project 1.1.1 Lead partner Nordregio Third interim report ECP-meeting Oct. 2003, Italy
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Transcript of ESPON Project 1.1.1 Lead partner Nordregio Third interim report ECP-meeting Oct. 2003, Italy
The role, specific situation and potentials
of urban areas as nodes in a
polycentric developmentESPON Project 1.1.1
Lead partner Nordregio
Third interim reportECP-meeting Oct. 2003, Italy
A Spatial Organisation of Cities
characterised by: • Functional Division of Labour,• Economic and Institutional Integration,
and • Political Co-operation.
Polycentrism
Levels and issues
REGIONALOpportunity: Synergy of urban complementaritiesFocus: Networking - co-operation - integration
NATIONALProblem: Unbalanced national urban system Focus: Peripheral cities and regions
EUROPEANProblem: Unbalanced European territoryFocus (1): MEGAs and regions outside the 5tagonFocus (2): International flows outside the 5tagon
ConceptsConcepts
PoliciesPolicies&&
PlansPlans
Governance Governance
InternationalInternationalFlowsFlows
TIR focus:TIR focus:European European territoryterritory
• Yellow regions are below 44% of EU15 average
• Pronounced East-West divide
GDP per capita in PPS,
EU 27+2, 2000
• Gain: Green
• Loss: Red
• A mosaic with East-West catch-up trends
Change in share of EU
27+2 GDP/capita 1995-2000
Cities in Europe
• No universal definition of a city• Functional Urban Areas (FUAs): Commuting
catchment areas or relevant counterparts
• FUAs are building blocks in our analysis for potential polycentric urban regions
• 1,595 FUAs in EU 27+2
• Two bananas: From England – to Italy – to Hungary
• Next step:– Trends
FUA population
• Best potential accessibility in Pentagon
• No correlation between size and accessibility (i.e.
“function matters”)
Multi-modal accessibility of FUAs (EU 27+2)
Functional specialisation
• Six additional indicators for functional specialisation– Transport– Tourism– Manufacturing industries– Knowledge– Decision centres of private companies– Public administration
• Concentrated within countries
• Concentrated to the Pentagon
• No “European” nodes in accession countries
Transport Airports & harbours
• The Alps and the Mediterranean coast …
• … and cities like London, Paris and Rome
TourismNumber of Beds
• NUTS 3-level data not available for UK and France
• Strongest FUAs in the Pentagon and in Spain
• Low GVA in acc. countries
• Small FUAs may be global!
ManufacturingGross Value Added
• A balanced picture: universities are found all over Europe
• Capitals are strongest
Knowledge Number of students
• Extremely concentrated
• Stockholm is the only “European” centre outside Pentagon
Business head-quarters
Top 500 (turnover)companies
Public admini-stration
National service centres
HierarchicalHierarchical
• 64 MEGAs
• Clusters of MEGAs: – England, Be-Ne-Lux,
Germany
– Italy, France, Switzerland
– Czech Rep, Poland, Hungary
• Solitary MEGAs• Tissues of FUAs
Typology of FUAs
Three types, based on the seven indicators
• Polycentric: Midlands, Randstadt,
Rhine-Ruhr, Po Valley, Ostrava/Krakow
• Monocentric: Paris, Madrid, Athens,
Berlin, Stockholm
Polycentricity of 149 grouped FUAs on
the basis of proximity
Top-Down:• Solitary MEGAs• Potential polycentric
FUA-regions
Bottom-Up: • SWOTs• Programmes
Potentials outside 5tagon
Policy optionsRegional potentials• Infrastructure investments: NB: hard and soft measures • Strategic planning and co-operation• EU: Turn funding from nodes to links / new obj 2 measures for PcR /
SWOT based programs / Guidelines on PcR
More balanced national urban systems • Division of labour between national nodes • Second tier of cities in mono-centric and acceding countries!
• EU: funding the 2nd
tier / encourage national planning in EU-context
EU competitiveness and territorial cohesion • Identify and strengthen potential new global integration zones - NB:
dense urban systems in acceding countries!• EU: TENs, EU institutions, funding for PcR: e.g. obj.2 measures for
PcR beyond decay and reconstruction / Interreg on joint urban strategies.
Key choices made in the work
• To deal explicitly with two concepts of polycentrism:– MEGAS– Functional polycentrism
• Deliver the list of FUAs
• Include transnational links
Challenges the next period
• Feedback check on operationalisation of FUAs and MEGAs
• To integrate the top down identification of potential polycentric regions and the bottom up verification of practical experience on planning and governance
• To further develop the analysis of potential polycentric regions (e.g. the FUA-group analysis)
• The contradictions between policy recommendations at different levels (e.g. the EU and the national levels)
• The policy context after 3rd cohesion report