Esperanza Teacher Overvie Risin… · • Copy of Pam Muñoz Ryan’s novel, Esperanza Rising....

English

Copyright © 2013 National Math + Science Initiative. This work is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 United States license, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/deed.en_US.

Vocabulary Study: Esperanza Rising by Pam Muñoz Ryan

Teacher Overview Grades 6-7

Lesson Introduction/Overview Vocabulary words, definitions, derivatives, and quotations An alphabetical listing of the ten words in each section is given at the beginning of each chapter. Since the chapters are not numbered, the divisions correspond to the titles of the chapters in the novel. The definitions are given in the order that the words appear in the chapters. The part of speech indicated in the definition corresponds to the way the word is used in the quotation provided from the chapter. Common derivatives of the words are listed below each definition. Complete List of Words A complete list of words is provided in alphabetical order. Fill-in-the-Blank Activity The sentences in this activity correspond to the sequence of events in the chapters. Many of the sentences require students to add an inflectional ending or use another form of the word to correctly complete the sentence, adding a higher level of thinking to the lesson. Multiple Choice Exam The students are tested on 25 of the words, encouraging them to study all 50 words to be ready for the test. Teachers might also require students to use words correctly in an original sentence that they create. Writing Activity This essay assignment is designed to complement the vocabulary study and is intended to be used after students complete the novel. While reading the novel, students should be required to keep a dialectical journal with character traits, quotations, and commentary for Esperanza and Miguel to assist them in writing their essays. Because the writing prompt requires students to synthesize information from throughout the novel, students should be allowed extended writing time and encouraged to revise multiple drafts. Acknowledgment Words, definitions, and quotations are presented in the order in which they appear in the Scholastic Signature Text, Copyright 2000. Materials and Resources:

• Copy of lesson for each student • Copy of Pam Muñoz Ryan’s novel, Esperanza Rising

Vocabulary Study: Esperanza Rising Teacher Overview


Alphabetical Listing of Words

accosting alms anguish animated atrocious bedraggled cherubs condolences crochet deliberately despondent devious disembark doting extravagant grotto humanity immunized

indebted indignation intact listless loamy methodically penetrate premonition preoccupied pretentious pungent reeked regal renegades repatriation riveted scythe silhouetted

smirked sparse spigot staccato susceptible tallow taunting taut trellis undulating untethered valise vigorously waif

Answer keys for the sentence completion and multiple choice quizzes for this lesson are not included in open source materials. As the teacher of record, you may obtain copies of these answer keys by sending a message from your school email address to the NMSI help desk at [email protected]. Include your name, course taught, the name of your school, and your city and state.

English


Vocabulary Study Esperanza Rising by Pam Muñoz Ryan

Note: The words in each section are listed in alphabetical order. The words, definitions, and quotations are presented in the order in which they appear in the Scholastic Signature Text, Copyright 2000.

List 1 Las Uvas—Las Papayas

crochet condolences devious indignation methodically

premonition pretentious pungent scythe tallow

1. scythe (sahyth) n. a long curved blade fastened to a long handle used for cutting grass or grains by hand derivatives: scythed, scything, scytheless, scythelike “The short blade was curved like a scythe, its fat wooden handle fitting snugly into her palm” (4).

2. premonition (pre muh nish uhn) n. a feeling of anxiety or warning of an unwelcomed occurrence; an omen or portent derivatives: premonitory “She quickly wrapped her hand in the corner of her apron and dismissed the premonition” (8–9).

3. crochet (kroh shay) v. to make something using a hooked needle to loop or intertwine thread or yarn. derivatives: crocheter, crocheted, crocheting “Esperanza complained, ‘Must we always crochet to take our minds off worry?’” (13).

Vocabulary Study: Esperanza Rising


4. tallow (tal oh) n. the fat of animals, especially sheep and cattle, used to make candles, soap derivatives: tallowy “It wasn’t until the candelabra held nothing but short stubs of tallow that Mama finally said, ‘I see a lantern’” (21).

5. condolences (kuhn dol luh ns) n. an expression of sympathy to someone suffering from misfortune or grief derivatives: none “In front of the adults, Esperanza modeled Mama’s refined manners, accepting Marisol’s condolences” (26).

6. methodical (muh thod i kuhl) adv. performing or acting in a systematic way; slowly and carefully derivatives: methodically, methodicalness, unmethodically “Abuelita handed Esperanza each gift and Esperanza methodically opened them and laid them back on the table” (27).

7. indignation (in dig ney shun) n. strong displeasure at something considered unjust or offensive; righteous anger derivatives: indignant, indignantly “A look of indignation passes between Mama and Abuelita” (30).

8. pretentious (pre ten shuhs) adj. making an exaggerated outward show; assuming dignity or importance derivatives: pretentiously, pretentiousness “But he could build another house, bigger and more pretentious anywhere on the property” (33).

9. devious (dee vee uhs) adj. departing from the accepted or proper way, shifty, crooked, or cunning derivatives: deviously, deviousness “‘But be careful. He is a devious, dangerous man’” (33).



10. pungent (puhn juh nt) adj. sharply affecting the sense of taste or smell; bitter, biting derivatives: pungency, pungently, nonpungent “A familiar breeze carried a familiar, pungent smell” (38).



List 2 Los Higos—Las Guayabas

alms doting indebted intact penetrate

reeked renegades silhouetted undulating waif

1. silhouette (sil oo et) v. to remove the background details to create an outline effect; the outline of a figure as cast by its shadow derivatives: silhouetted “Esperanza stood in the middle of it all, watching the outline of her home silhouetted in flames against the night sky” (41). 2. penetrate (pen uh treyt) v. to pierce or pass through derivatives: penetrator “They were numb, as if encased in a thick skin that nothing could penetrate” (43). 3. intact (in takt) adj. left complete or whole, untouched or unimpaired derivatives: intactness “Then she saw the remains of the truck that used to sit at the foot of her bed, the metal straps still intact” (43–44). 4. indebted (in det id) adj. obligated to repay money or kindness for a favor received derivatives: indebtedness “We are indebted to them for our finances and our future” (52–53). 5. waif (weyf) n. a person, especially a child, who has no friends; something found, especially a stray animal, without an owner derivatives: none “‘And those clothes Ramona! They are not fitting for a woman of your stature, and Esperanza looks like a waif’” (54).



6. renegade (ren i geyd) n. a person who deserts a party or cause for another, a traitor derivatives: none “They were renegades who thought they had permission to steal from the rich and give to the poor”(61–62). 7. doting (doh ting) adj. excessively fond or loving derivatives: dote, dotingly, dotingness, undoting “The men and women dressed in their hats and fancy clothes smiled and chuckled at what must have looked like a doting father and two privileged children” (64). 8. reeked (reekd) v smelled strongly or unpleasantly; to give off, emit derivatives: reeker, reekingly, reeky “Trash littered the floor and it reeked of rotting fruit and urine” (66). 9. alms (ahms) n anything given in charity: money, food, donations, etc. derivatives: none “An old, frail beggar woman pushed by them into the back of the car, clutching a picture of Our Lady of Guadalupe. Her hand outstretched for alms” (66). 10. undulate (uhn juh leyt) adj. having a wavelike or rippled form or surface; wavy derivatives: undulator, undulating “For hours Esperanza watched the undulating land pass in front of her” (68).



List 3 Los Melones—Las Cebollas

accosting cherubs deliberately disembark smirked

sparse staccato untethered valise vigorously

1. disembarked (dis em bahrkt) v. to go ashore from a ship; to leave an aircraft or other vehicle derivatives: disembarkation, disembarkment “Finally the train stopped moving and everyone disembarked” (81). 2. deliberately (dih lib er it le) adv. carefully considered, intentional derivatives: deliberator, deliberateness “She stood up straight and tall and deliberately blotted her face with a handkerchief” (82). 3. valise (vuh lees) n. a small piece of luggage that can be carried by hand derivatives: none “Esperanza picked up her valise and followed Isabel’s father” (87). 4. cherub (cher uhb) n. a celestial being often represented as a rosy-cheeked child with wings; a beautiful or innocent child derivatives: cherubic, cherublike “The babies, Lupe and Pepe, a girl and a boy, were dark eyed cherubs, with thick mops of black hair” (88). 5. sparse (spahrs) adj. thinly scattered; not thick or dense derivatives: sparsely, sparseness “The truck rattled up a steep grade past sparse, dry canyons and Esperanza’s ears began to feel full and tight” (90).



6. untethered (uhn teth urd) adj. not tied or limited derivatives: tethered “She lifted higher and part of her liked the sensation, but another part of her felt untethered and frightened” (92). 7. staccato (stuh kah toh) adj. shortened and detached; disconnected notes derivatives: none “Without asking any questions, he took her hand and stayed with her, the quiet interrupted only by her occasional staccato breaths” (93). 8. smirked (smurkt) v. smiled in a smug or offensive way derivatives: smirker, smirkingly “Marta smirked at Esperanza and said, ‘Just so you know. This isn’t Mexico. No one will be waiting on you here’” (99). 9. accost (uh kost) v. to confront boldly derivatives: accostable, accosting “Several more onion trucks passed by, their smell accosting her eyes and nose as much as the diapers” (114). 10. vigorously (vig er uhs ly) adv. strongly, actively, with energy or power derivatives: vigor, vigorous “She rubbed the diapers with soap, vigorously scrubbed them back and forth on the washboard, and wrung them out” (114).



List 4 Las Almendras—Las Papas

atrocious extravagant grotto immunized listless

preoccupied repatriation riveted taunting trellis

1. trellis (trel is) n. a lattice or frame for growing vines derivatives: none “He smiled and pointed to the one that was closest to the cabin wall and already had a makeshift trellis propped against it. ‘So you can climb,’ he said” (124). 2. taunting (tawnt ing) adj. a mocking, jeering, or insulting manner derivatives: taunt, taunter, tauntingly “Esperanza quickly dropped her arms and remembered Marta’s taunting voice saying, ‘No one will be waiting on you here’” (126).

3. extravagant ( ik strav uh guhnt) adj. excessive, much more than is necessary derivatives: extravagantly, extravagantness “Esperanza continued, reliving the extravagant moments, but was relieved when she knew that Isabel was asleep” (136).

4. atrocious (uh troh shuhs) adj. shockingly wicked or cruel or in bad taste derivatives: atrociously, atrociousness “She woke up to Lupe’s whimpering and an atrocious smell. Brown liquid leaked from her diaper” (141).

5. preoccupied (pree ok yuh pahyd) adj. completely engrossed in thought or absorbed in an activity derivatives: preoccupy, preoccupiedly, preoccupiedness “‘I know a little, but only a few stitches,’ said Esperanza, remembering Abuelita’s blanket of zigzag rows that she had been too preoccupied to unpack” (145).



6. immunized (im yuh nahyzd) adj. protected from germs or disease; vaccinated derivatives: immunization, immune “For those who live here most of their lives, they are naturally immunized” (156).

7. listless (list lis) adj. showing little interest; inactive or indifferent derivatives: listlessly, listlessness “But Mama was listless and Esperanza often found her weeping in silence” (161).

8. grotto (grot toh) n. a small cave or cavelike structure derivatives: none “When she got back to camp, she went behind the cabin to pray in front of the washtub grotto” (164).

9. repatriation (ree pey tree eh shun) n. the act of sending back a person to his or her country or land of citizenship derivatives: repatriate, repatriable “‘Repatriation,’ said Marta’s aunt. ‘La migra—the immigration authorities—round up people who cause problems and check their papers’” (170).

10. riveted (riv uh tid) v. to hold firmly derivatives: none “Esperanza’s eyes riveted on the coat and jewelry. She wished she could give Mama a warm red coat and a pin that sparkled” (177).



List 5 Los Aguacates—Las Uvas

anguish animated bedraggled despondent humanity

loamy regal spigot susceptible taut

1. taut (tawt) adj. tightly drawn; tense; mentally strained derivatives: tautly, tautness “She followed along with others, and tied the canes on the taut wire that was stretched from post to post” (180). 2. regal (ree guhl) adj. having to do with kings or royalty; stately or splendid derivatives: regally, regalness “She missed her way of walking into a room, graceful and regal” (181). 3. susceptible (suh sep tuh buhl) adj. likely to be affected by something, predisposed derivatives: susceptibleness, susceptibly “This disease, Valley Fever, makes the body tired and susceptible to other infections” (182–183). 4. bedraggled (bih drag uhld) adj. limp, untidy, or dirty, as with mud or rain derivatives: none “Her hair was strewn and bedraggled” (183). 5. loamy (lohm ee) adj. a mixture of sand, silt, and clay; earth or soil derivatives: loam, loaminess “And even though it was still cool, there was an expectancy that Esperanza could smell, a rich loamy odor that promised spring” (186).



6. spigot (spig uht) n. a faucet or tap that controls the flow of liquid derivatives: none “Near each spigot were pots and pans and campfire rings, the makings of outdoor kitchens” (193). 7. humanity (hyoo man i tee) n. the human race, the quality of kindness and benevolence that are part of the human race; the humanities: college courses in language, literature, or philosophy derivatives: none “In an irrigation ditch, women were washing clothes, and children were bathing at the same time. Clotheslines ran everywhere. It was a great jumble of humanity and confusion” (193). 8. animated (an uh may tid) adj. full of life, action, or spirit; a representation that moves as if it is alive derivatives: animatedly, nonanimated, overanimated “She watched Miguel’s animated face, thinking that at last, his dream was coming true” (198). 9. despondent (dih spon duhnt) adj. downcast or disheartened; lacking hope or courage derivatives: despondence, despondency, despondently “Esperanza and the other women watched the despondent faces in the windows disappear” (207). 10. anguish (ang gwish) n. acute distress, suffering, or pain derivatives: none “She was relieved but still imagined the anguish of the strikers” (207–208).



Fill-in-the-Blank Activity Esperanza Rising

Using the vocabulary words listed below, fill in the blanks with suitable word choices. Each word or a derivative of the word is used once. The answers may or may not be used in the same plot context as in the original quotations, but they do correspond to the characters and events in the novel.

Las Uvas—Las Papayas crochet condolences devious indignation methodically

premonition pretentious pungent scythe tallow

1. The compesinos who worked on El Rancho de las Rosas used ___________________ to cut the grass growing on the farm land. 2. Abuelita has taught Esperanza to ________________________, a hobby she does not really enjoy. 3. Rather than becoming angry when Esperanza behaves __________________________ , Miguel calls her mi reina and laughs. 4. The _____________________ of the candles grows smaller and smaller as Esperanza anxiously waits for Papa to return from the fields. 5. When Esperanza hears the terrible news about Papa, she realizes her ________________ has been correct. 6. Even though her uncles express their ________________________, they do not seem overly saddened by the death of their brother. 7. After Papa’s death, Esperanza__________________________ examines each of the roses in his garden, finding comfort in their delicate blooms. 8. Tío Luis has a _________________________________ plan that will force Mama to

accept his proposal. 9. The rotting papayas give off a _________________________ aroma which serves as a

sad reminder of her father’s sweet intentions.



10. Mama _____________________________ refuses to marry Tío Luis even though he threatens that she will regret her decision.

Los Higos—Las Guayabas

alms doting indebted intact penetrate

reeked renegades silhouetted undulating waif

1. As the house burns, the air _______________________ of smoke and ash, burning

Esperanza’s nose and irritating her eyes. 2. Now that Esperanza has lost her _____________________________ father, she and

Mama must flee their homeland for the United States. 3. Mama explains to Esperanza that they are now ______________________ to Miguel,

Alphonso, and Hortensia for their help. 4. For the first time in her life, Esperanza and Mama have no ____________________ to

give those less fortunate than themselves. 5. The wagon ride to Zacatecas is dangerous because her uncles have many spies and the

country is full of _______________________________ looking for people to rob. 6. Esperanza can feel the rhythm of the train as it ______________________ underneath

her. 7. Looking out the window, Esperanza sees the mountains in the distance as only a

____________________________ against the dark sky. 8. Afraid it might be broken, Esperanza checks her valise to make sure the porcelain doll in

still _____________________ 9. Sadness and anger ____________________________ Esperanza’s mind when she

realizes that she is no longer part of the privileged, wealthy class. 10. In a very short span of time, Esperanza changes from a happy girl with lots of friends to a

sad and lonely little __________________________.



Los Melones—Las Cebollas

accosting cherubs deliberately disembark smirked

sparse staccato untethered valise vigorously

1. When Mama tells the immigration official she is entering the United States for work, he

_______________________ at her and rudely replies, “What work?” 2. Once they enter the United States, Esperanza and her mother ____________________ on

a new life. 3. When they arrive in the camp, it does not take Esperanza long to unpack her few

belongings from her ___________________. 4. Esperanza is shocked at the ________________________ furnished cabin with only a

table and chairs and mattresses on the floor. 5. Marta ___________________________ tries to insult Esperanza by making rude remarks

to her in front of Isabel and Miguel. 6. Esperanza does not know how to sweep the platform because she has never been required

to do _____________________________ work. 7. As she struggles to use the broom, Esperanza is _____________________ by Marta who

tauntingly calls her Cinderella. 8. The ______________________ crying of Pepe and Lupe alerts Esperanza to the fact that

they need their diapers changed. 9. Esperanza no longer has the freedom to play, and she longs for the days when she was

______________________________ by responsibilities. 10. Isabel looks like a sleeping ___________________________ as she dreams of

Esperanza’s former life full of fiestas and pretty dresses.



Las Almendras—Las Papas

atrocious extravagant grotto immunized listless

preoccupied repatriation riveted taunting trellis

1. Bringing her Papa’s roses all the way from Mexico is a/an ______________________ gesture of friendship toward Esperanza from Miguel and his father. 2. The rose bushes are only stubs, but the branches will soon grow up the _____________________________and produce beautiful flowers. 3. In Aguascalientes the shrines to Our Lady of Guadalupe were beautifully decorated __________________________, but in the migrant camp, Esperanza prays to Our Lady in front of a washtub. 4. Marta encourages the workers to strike because of the low wages and ________________ living conditions in some of the migrant camps. 5. Most of the workers in Esperanza’s camp fear that ____________________________

would be the result of a strike, not higher wages. 6. During the dust storm, Isabel is ___________________________ with thoughts of her kitten and its safety. 7. Valley Fever causes Mama to become pale and _____________________. 8. Unfortunately, the doctors could not __________________________ patients against Valley Fever; the body must develop a natural defense against the infection. 9. Miguel stops his friendly __________________________ of Esperanza after Mama becomes ill, and helps her find work in the potato sheds. 10. Esperanza’s eyes are __________________________ on the doctor as he says the grim words, “If she survives.”



Los Aguacates—Las Uvas

anguish animated bedraggled despondent humanity

loamy regal spigot susceptible

taut 1. The longer Mama is in the hospital, the more worried and _______________________ Esperanza becomes. 2. Esperanza longs for Mama to be ________________________ and full of life once more. 3. Marta continues to speak out for the ___________________________ migrant workers and tells them higher wages will help ease the pain of their circumstances. 4. Esperanza stops at the _________________________ to wash the dirt from her hands, noticing how ugly and calloused they have become. 5. Hortensia replaces the ______________________ substance that covered Esperanza’s hands with a mixture of avocado and glycerin. 6. The owner of the farm builds a swimming pool for the migrant workers, but the Mexican workers are only allowed to swim on the day before they clean the pool because they are viewed as dirtier and more ___________________________ than the workers from Oklahoma. 7. The doctor warns Esperanza not to visit her mother in the hospital because in her

weakened condition, she is very ________________________________ to any germs. 8. When Miguel and Esperanza argue, his lips become _______________________ with

anger. 9. To Esperanza, Abuelita is as __________________________ as any queen when she

arrives in the migrant camp. 10. Esperanza’s faith in ____________________________ is restored when she learns that

Miguel has not taken her money for himself but has used it to bring her, Mama, and Abuelito together again.



Multiple Choice Quiz Esperanza Rising

Answers may be the vocabulary words from your list or any of the derivatives. 1. to pass through

a. bedraggle b. immunize c. penetrate d. accost e. taunt

2. not tied or limited a. preoccupied b. taut c. susceptible d. intentional e. untethered 3. mocking or jeering a. undulating b. taunting c. doting d. disembarking e. accosting 4. to go ashore a. disembark b. penetrate c. bedraggle d. accost e. rivet 5. showing little interest, inactive a. reeked b. susceptible c. regal d. listless e. doting 6. left complete or whole a. indebted b. intact c. immunized d. silhouetted e. animated

7. absorbed in an activity a. indebted b. bedraggled c. preoccupied d. reeked e. animated 8. disheartened or depressed a. bedraggled b. susceptible c. despondent d. untethered e. silhouetted 9. shockingly wicked or cruel a. regal b. taut c. taunting d. doting e. atrocious 10. a long curved blade a. alms b. waif c. trellis d. scythe e. crochet 11. an omen or portent a. premonition b. repatriation c. silhouette d. scythe e. cherub 12. smile in a smug way a. accost b. smirk c. dote d. reek e. rivet



13. anything given in charity a. anguish b. crochet c. scythe d. premonition e. alms 14. wavelike motion or ripples a. animations b. taunting c. undulating d. crocheting e. smirking 15. limp, untidy, or dirty a. bedraggled b. animated c. despondent d. renegade e. humanity 16. an outward show, assuming dignity a. animated b. humanity c. atrocious d. pretentious e. taunting 17. having a strong odor a. renegade b. alms c. scythe d. pungent e. valise 18. expressions of sympathy a. condolence b. alms c. cherubs d. premonitions e. silhouettes

19. having to do with kings or royalty a. spigots b. loamy c. regal d. cherubs e. grottos 20. obligated to repay a. devious b. indebted c. intact d. untethered e. pretentious 21. righteous anger a. despondent b. pungent c. repatriation d. immunization e. indignation 22. a faucet or tap a. trellis b. scythe c. waif d. valise e. spigot 23. a lost person without friends a. cherub b. renegade c. waif d. grotto e. humanity 24. strongly, with energy a. deviously b. vigorously c. pungently d. tautly e. extravagantly



25. an innocent or angelic child a. regal b. waif c. valise d. cherub e. trellis

Vocabulary Study Esperanza Rising by Pam Muñoz Ryan


Writing Activity

In a well-written essay, analyze how the relationship between Esperanza and Miguel develops during the course of the novel.

• Begin by identifying the type of relationship Esperanza and Miguel have at the beginning of the novel.

• Explain how the relationship changes as a result of the conflicts the characters experience and the events that take place in the story.

• Conclude by identifying the type of relationship Esperanza and Miguel have at the end of the story.

In your essay be sure to cite specific incidents and quotations that reveal each character’s attitude toward the other.

Esperanza Teacher Overvie Risin… · • Copy of Pam Muñoz Ryan’s novel, Esperanza Rising....

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