Esperanto, Loglan and Dothraki: Why do people construct new languages?
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Transcript of Esperanto, Loglan and Dothraki: Why do people construct new languages?
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Esperanto, Loglan, Dothraki…
Why do people invent new languages?
Melanie Mueller NerdNite Amsterdam 2017-02-03
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Mi nomiĝas Melanie.I am-named Melanie.
Mi salutas vin en Esperanto.I greet you in Esperanto.
Ne timu!Don’t fear!
Mi ne daŭrigu prelegi en Esperanto.I not shall-continue talking in Esperanto.
Bonan vesperon!Good evening!
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I like patterns, and playing with them.
So: • I played with Lego, • got a PhD in physics, and• learned to speak Esperanto.
ESPERANTO?!? Are you crazy?
Bonan vesperon!Good evening!
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1) Constructed languages: Why?
Outline
2) ConLanging 101: Mini-course Esperanto
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ConLangs17th 18th 19th 20th century
EngeLangs- philosophy- science
AuxLangs ArtLangs
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A language of the universe• John Wilkins 1668: An Essay towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language
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A language of the universe• How to say ‘shit’?
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A language of the universe• How to say ‘shit’?
Category XXXI subcategory IV sub-sub category 9 right branch (Motion) (purgation) (from gross parts) (downward) Ce p u s
shit = a serous watery purgative motion from the consistent and gross parts from the guts downwards
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ConLangs17th 18th 19th 20th century
EngeLangs- philosophy- science
AuxLangs ArtLangs
Wilkins’ language
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Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
Structure of language determines / influences
thought
• Orwell “1984”: Newspeak No word for ‘freedom’
~1930:
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•Example: I woke up and drank a coffee.
• James Cooke Brown 1955 to test Sapir-Whorf• Loglan = logical language, maximum precision
Loglan
• I woke up first and then drank a coffee.• I simultaneously woke up and drank a coffee.• I woke up a coffee and drank it.
At least 20 ways to say ‘and’ in Loglan.
and
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ConLangs17th 18th 19th 20th century
EngeLangs- philosophy- science
AuxLangs ArtLangs
Wilkins’ languageLoglan & Lojban
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Toki Pona• Sonja Lang 2001• 120 root words, 14 sounds• Minimalist happy Dada/Zen Sapir-Whorf
• Friend = jan pona = good person
• Motto: ale li pona = everything is good• Toki Pona = “language good”
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Toki Pona
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ConLangs17th 18th 19th 20th century
EngeLangs AuxLangs ArtLangs- philosophy- science
- idealism- pragmatism
Wilkins’ languageLoglan & Lojban
Toki Pona
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Esperanto• Ludwig Zamenhof 1887 (‘Doktoro Esperanto’)• Bielostok (Poland), 4 languages: Russian, Polish, German, Yiddish
• Esperanto to unite humanityNeutral, easy-to-learn language
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1,000 native 10,000 fluent 100,000 can use actively 1,000,000 understand passively10,000,000 have studied sometime
Esperanto
• Translated literature• Original literature, poems, music,…
• Esperanto-land: >100 meetings/year
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ConLangs17th 18th 19th 20th century
EngeLangs AuxLangs ArtLangs- philosophy- science
- idealism- pragmatism
Wilkins’ languageLoglan & Lojban
Toki Pona
Esperanto
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Solresol• François Sudre, 1827
• Beginning with sol = related to arts/science
solresol = language
• Smallest alphabet: 7 letters / sounds
solresool = languages
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ConLangs17th 18th 19th 20th century
EngeLangs AuxLangs ArtLangs- philosophy- science
- idealism- pragmatism
- art, creativity- fun
Wilkins’ languageLoglan & Lojban
Toki Pona
EsperantoSolresol
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Nobody believes me when I say that my long book [Lord of the Rings] is an attempt to create a world in which a form of language agreeable to my personal aesthetic might seem real. But it is true. JRR Tolkien
ArtLangs
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• torgha essheyi = under a roof = in secret
Dothraki• David J Peterson 2009 after ConLanger contest
• 3000 words, 8 words for horse, no word for thank you
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ConLangs17th 18th 19th 20th century
EngeLangs AuxLangs ArtLangs- philosophy- science
- idealism- pragmatism
- art, creativity- fun
Wilkins’ languageLoglan & Lojban
Toki Pona
EsperantoSolresol
Tolkien’s languages Dothraki
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1) Constructed languages: Why?
Outline
2) ConLanging 101: Mini-course Esperanto
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ConLanging 1011. Purpose
2. Sounds
3. Dictionary
4. Grammar
: Unite the world (at least Europe)!
: 28 letters, 1 letter = 1 sound
: from ‘known’ languages75% Romanic (Italian, French,…)20% Germanic (German, Danish,…)
:
→Auxiliary language, easy to learn, neutral
a b c ĉ d e f g ĝ h ĥ i j ĵ k l m n o p r s ŝ t u ŭ v z
•16 grammar rules, no exceptions•Lego principle
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The Lego principle• Word formation
- analytic (Chinese, Toki Pona) - synthetic (German, Esperanto)
Rindfleischetikettierungsüberwachungsaufgabenübertragungsgesetz (Beef labeling monitoring delegation act)
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The Lego principle
La ĉielo estas blua. The sky is blue.
-o noun bluo = blue color -a adjective blua = blue-as verb (present) bluas = be blue
Word root: blu-
La ĉielo bluas. The sky is bluing.
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ConLangs17th 18th 19th 20th century
EngeLangs AuxLangs ArtLangs- philosophy- science
- idealism- pragmatism
- art, creativity- fun
Wilkins’ languageLoglan & Lojban
Toki Pona
EsperantoSolresol
Tolkien’s languages Dothraki
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Koran dankon!
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Constructing Esperanto
ConLang World