Español un Español un respasorespaso

I.I. Masculine / FeminineMasculine / Femininea) Masculine Nouns and Adjectives end in

O

b) Feminine Nouns and Adjectives end inA

i. Libro ,Rojo

i. Goma , Roja

II. PluralII. Plural

a) If it ends in a vowel, add

b) If it end in a consonant, add

i. Bolígrafos, Simpáticas, Grandes

i. Esquiadores, Patinadores

S

ES

III.III. Placement of Placement of AdjectivesAdjectivesa) Adjective goes after the noun

i. He is a tall boy.

ii. We are intelligent students.

El es un muchacho alto

Nosotros somos alumnos inteligentes

IV.IV. Subject PronounsSubject Pronouns

Yo

Tú

ElEllaUd.

Nosotros

Vosotros

EllosEllasUds.

V.V. Conjugation in the present Conjugation in the present tensetensea) Procedure

i. First cut off the infinitive ending (AR, ER, IR)ii. Second add special endings to the stem

1. Bailar *Infinitive Endings to the stem2. Bailar *Stem

3. Special endings

AR ER IR

O amosAs áisA an

O emosEs éisE en

O imosEs ísE en

Modelo:

I sing. / I am singing. – Yo canto.

She writes. / She is writing. – Ella escribe.

We eat. / We are eating. – Nosotros comemos.

VI.VI. Irregular Verb ConjugationsIrregular Verb Conjugationsa) Doesn't follow a pattern

Soy

EresEs

SomosSois

Son

EstoyEstásEstá

EstamosEstáisEstán

DAR: to giveDoy

Das

Da

Damos

Dais

Dan

VER: to see to watchVeo

Ves

Ve

Vemos

Veis

Ven

SER: to be ESTAR : to be

IR: to go

Voy

Vas

Va

Vamos

Vais

Van

CONOCER: to knowConozc

oConocesConoce

ConocemosConocéis

Conocen

SABER: to knowSé

SabesSabe

SabemosSabéisSaben

VII.VII. Go-Go VerbsGo-Go Verbsa. End in “go” in the yo a. End in “go” in the yo formformi. PonerYo pongo (to put)

iv. TraerYo traigo (to bring)

ii.HacerYo hago (to do , to make)

iii. Salir Yo salgo (to leave)

v.TenerYo tengo (to have)/high top verb

vii. Decir Yo digo (to say, to tell)

vi. VenirYo vengo (to come)/high top verb

VIII. Boot VIII. Boot VerbsVerbsa) Boot verbs have a change in the stem inside the boot. (yo, tú, él, ella, ud., ellos, ellas, uds.)

b) The types of Boot Verbs

i. O-UE1. Volver2. Devolver3. Dormir4. Poder

ii. E-IE1. Comenz

ar2. Empeza

r3. Querer4. Preferir5. Perder6. Nevar

iii. E-I

1. Decir

iv. U-UE1. Jugar

Querer: to want

quiero

quieres

quiere

queremos

queréis

quieren

IX.IX. Present ProgessivePresent Progessivea) Use to express what is happening now

i. A form of ESTAR

ii. Present Participle -

1. AR

a) Bailar

2. ER

a) Comer

3. IR

a) Vivir

ando

Bail

Bailando

iendo

Com

Comiendo

iendo

Viv

Viviendo

X.X. Obligation Expression – Obligation Expression – To have to do To have to do somethingsomething

a) Tener (conjugated) + que + infinitive ( ar, er, ir attached)

i. I have to study Yo tengo que estudiar

XI.XI. Near Future Expression – Near Future Expression – What is going to happenWhat is going to happena) Ir (conjugated) + a + infinitive

i. She is going to drink the pop tomorrow

Ella va a

beber la gaseosa mañana.

XII.XII.Demonstrative Demonstrative AdjectivesAdjectives

a) This and these have T’s that and those don’t

b) The masculine , singular adjectives don’t follow normal adjective rules. They are irregular. They don’t end in “o”

i. Este gorro -

ii. Ese gorro -

iii. Aquel gorro -

This cap

That cap

That cap over there

XIIIXIII SABER and CONOCER: to SABER and CONOCER: to knowknow

Saber : to know Conocer : to knowSé sabemos

Sabes sabéis

Sabe saben

ConozcoConocemos

ConocesConocéis

Conoce conocoen

1. To know facts/info

2. To know how to do something

1. To know people

2. To know a subject

XIV.XIV. SER and ESTAR : SER and ESTAR : to beto be

SER ESTAR

1. Permanent characteristics

2. Place of origin

3. Nationality

4. Time

1. location

2. Temporary conditions

3. Present progressive

XV. REFLEXIVE XV. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNSPRONOUNS

Me myself

Te yourself

Se himselfherselfyourself

(formal)

Nos ourselves

os yourselves (S,f)

Se themselvesyourselves

(formal)

Mirarse: to look at oneself

Yo me miro

Tú te miras

El se mira

Ella se mira

Ud. se mira

Nosotros nos miramos

Vosotros os miráis

Ellos se miran

Ellas se miran

Uds. se miran

XVI. DIRECT OBJECT XVI. DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNSPRONOUNSMe me

Te you

Lo/La him/her you, it

Nos us

Os you guys Los/Las them

you guys (formal familar/ not spain)

Placement of the direct object pronoun before the conjugated verb

Placement of the direct object pronoun connected to end of infinitive

Yo tengo el libro.Yo tengo los

Yo tengo la goma.Yo tengo las gomas.

Yo lo tengo.

Yo los tengo.

Yo la tengo.

Yo las tengo.

Yo quiero comprar el libro.

Yo quiero comprar la goma.Yo quiero comprar las gomas.

Yo quiero comprar los libros

Yo quiero comprarlo.

Yo quiero comprarlos.

Yo quiero comprarla.

Yo quiero comprarlas.

(Spn/fam)

libros.

XVII. ADJECTIVES OF NATIONALITY /3 XVII. ADJECTIVES OF NATIONALITY /3 CATEGORIESCATEGORIES

1. Root word ends in “n, l, or s”- pattern- root ,a ,es ,as

*Countries – España ,Inglaterra, Alemania, Francia, Portugal, Japón, Finlandia*Modelo – spanish – español, española, españoles, españolas

2. Root word ends in an “o” – pattern – o, a, os, as

*Countries – Cuba, México, Colombia, Italia

*Modelo – Cuban – cubano, cubana, cubanos, cubanas

3. Root word ends in “e” – pattern – e, e, es, es

*Countries – Canadá, Nicaragua

*Modelo - Canadá – canadiense, canadiense, canadienses, canadienses