Español 3 grammar notebook
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Transcript of Español 3 grammar notebook
ESPAÑOL 3 GRAMMAR
NOTEBOOK
Carlos Carpentier
Table of Contents
El preterito
Preterite Trigger Words
Car, Gar, Zars
Spock Verbs
Snake and Snakey Verbs
Cucaracha Verbs
Imperfecto
Imperfect Triggers
Imperfect Irregulars
Preterite v. Imperfect
Verbs like Gustar
Comparatives and Superlatives
Comparatives and Superlatives Irregulars
Ser v Estar
Transition Words
El Futuro
Future Triggers
Future Irregulars
Por v Para
Saber v. Conocer
Preterito
To conjugate –ar
verbs, drop “ar”
ending and add…
é
aste
ó
amos
aron
To conjugate –er and
–ir verbs, drop
ending and add…
í
iste
ió
imos
ieron
Trigger Words
Anoche
Ayer
El año pasada
Semana pasada
Mes pasada
Irregular Preterito
Tocar
• toqué
• tocaste
• tocó
• tocamos
• tocaron
Jugar
• jugué
• jugaste
• jugó
• jugamos
• jugaron
Comenzar
• comence
• comenzaste
• comenzo
• comenzamos
• comenzaron
“Spock” Irregular Verbs
Ir/Ser
-fui
-fuiste
-fue
-fuimos
-fueron
Dar
-di
-diste
-dio
-dimos
-dieron
Hacer
-hice
-hiciste
-hizo
-hicimos
-hicieron
Ver
-vi
-viste
-vio
-vimos
-vieron
Snake Verbs and Snakey Verbs
EI
Pedir
Preferir
Competir
Repetir
Servir
Sentir
Venir
OU
Dormir
Morir
Pedí pedimos
Pediste
Pidio pidieron
Snakey Verbs
I changes to y in 3rd person
Leer
Creer
Oir
Cucaracha Verbs
Andar
Estar
Poder
Poner
Querer
Saber
Tener
Venir
Conducir
Producir
Traducir
Decir
traer
El Imperfecto
Indicates a continuous action
Imperfected Time
The very distant past.
ar verbs
aba
abas
aba
abamos
abais
aban
er/ir verbs
ía
ías
ía
íamos
íais
ían
Imperfect Triggers
-
• Frecuentamente
• Muchas veces
• siempre
-
• Los lunes
• A veces
• Cada dia
-
• A menudo
• Todos los dias
• mientras
Imperfect Irregular
ir
• iba
• ibas
• iba
• ibamos
• ibais
• iban
ser
• era
• eras
• era
• éramos
• erais
• eran
ver
• veía
• veías
• veía
• veíamos
• veíais
• veían
Preterite v. Imperfect
The imperfect is
used for actions in
the past that are not
seen as completed.
Use of the imperfect
tense implies that
the past action did
not have a definite
beginning or a
definite end.
The preterite is used
for actions in the
past that are seen
as completed. Use
of the preterite tense
implies that the past
action had a definite
beginning and
definite end.
Verbos Like Gustar
aburrir to bore
fascinar to be fascinating to
bastar to be sufficient
importar to be important to
caer bien (mal) to (not) suit
interesar to be interesting to
dar asco to be loathsome
molestar to be a bother
disgustar to hate something
parecer to appear to be
doler (o:ue) to be painful
picar to itch
encantar to "love" something
quedar to be left over, remain
faltar to be lacking something
volver (o:ue) loco to be crazy about
Comparatives v. Superlatives
Compartives
Superiority más... (que)more... than or ____erthan
Inferiority menos... (que)less/fewer... than
Equality tan... como as... as tanto... como as much/many as
Superlatives
definite article + noun + más (menos) + adjective + de Juan es el chico más
inteligente de la clase.
Irregulars Comp v. Sup
Buenomejor
Malopeor
ViejomayorJovenmenor
Ser vs. Estar
Ser Estar
soy
eres
es
somos
son
estoy
estás
está
estamos
están
Ser vs. Estar
Ser is permanent
Description (physical)
Origin
Characteristics
Time
Occupation
Relationship
Possession
Events
Dates
Estar is temporary
Health
Emotion
Location
Present Condition
I
N -ar=ando
G -er/-ir=iendo
Transition Words
• In spite of
• Even though
• While
• nevertheless
a pesar de
Aunque
Mientras
No obstante
• But
• Therfore
• Nevertheless
• also
Pero
Por lo tanto
Sin embargo
tambien
Future Tense
Infinitive +
é
ás
á
emos
an
I will eat
comeré
Trigger Words
El proximo
Dia, semana, hora, año
En dos, tres, …
Dias, semanas, horas, años
Irregulars
Caber cabr
Decirdir
Haberhabr
Hacerhar
Hayhabrá
Poderpodr
Ponerpondr
Quererquerr
Sabersabr
Salirsaldr
Tenertendr
Valervaldr
Venirvendre
Por v. Para
Rule: to express gratitude or apology
Model: Gracias por la ayuda.
(Thanks for the help.)
Rule: meaning "through," "along," "by" or "in
the area of"
Model: Andamos por el parque.
(We walk through the park.)
Rule: when talking about exchange, including
sales
Model: Él me dio diez dólares por el libro.
(He gave me ten dollars for the book.)
Rule: to mean "on behalf of," or "in favor of,"
Model: No voté por nadie.
(I didn't vote for anyone.)
Rule: to express a length of time
Model: Yo estudié por dos horas.
(I studied for two hours.)
Rule: to express an undetermined, or general
time, meaning "during"
Model: Se puede ver las estrellas por la
noche.
(One can see the stars during the night.)
Rule: to indicate destination
Model: El hombre salió para Madrid.
(The man left for Madrid.)
Rule: to show the use or purpose of a thing
Model: El vaso es para agua.
(The glass is for water.)
Rule: to mean "in order to" or "for the purpose
of"
Model: Para hacer una paella, primero dore
las carnes.
To make a paella, first sauté the meats.
Rule: to indicate a recipient
Model: Este regalo es para ti.
(This gift is for you.)
Rule: to express a deadline or specific time
Model: Necesito el vestido para el lunes.
(I need the dress by Monday.)
Rule: to express a contrast from what is
expected
Model: Para un niño lee muy bien.
(For a child, he reads very well.)
Rule: "estar para" to express an action that
will soon be completed
Model: El tren está para salir.
Saber vs. Conocer
To express knowledge or ignorance of a fact or information about something, use "saber.“
Juan sabe donde estáMaría.Juan knows where Maria is.
Yo no sé tu número de teléfono.I don't know your telephone number.
To say that one is or is not acquainted with a person, a place, or an object, use conocer.
Yo no conozco a María.I don't know (am not acquainted with) Maria.
Alberto y Alfredo conocen Madrid.Alberto and Alfredo know (are acquainted with) Madrid.