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SPHERE – the high contrast challengeSPHERE – the high contrast challenge

Markus Kasper, ESOMarkus Kasper, ESO

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Outline

SPHERE project history The mission The concept Demonstrations Now and soon

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From the start…

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2 Phase A studies led by MPIA and LAOG: 2003 –2004

Phase A review Dec 2004 Major Merger: 2005 – 2006

(consortium agreement issue 1, Dec 2006)

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SPHERE project structure

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VLT 2nd generation instrument for Exoplanets

Consortium: LAOG, LAM, LESIA, LUAN, MPIA, Padova University, Obs. Geneve, ETH Zuerich, ASTRON and ONERA

Passed FDR in Dec 2008, now in MAIT phase

Many critical components (DM+driver, WFS CCD, IR detectors, large common path optics) already in house

Commissioning and 1st light in summer 2011, in less than 2 years!!

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Possible exoplanets, directly imaged

55HR 8799, Marois et al 2008Lagrange et al. 2009

GJ 758, Thalmann et al 2009

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Science objectives

Radial Velocity

Large Surveys

HC & HAR Imaging

μ Lensing

Transits

Stars - BDsStars - BDs

BDs - PlanetsBDs - Planets

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SPHERE features High contrast detection capability

Contrast Gain up to 5 mag wrt current instrumentation (10-6-10-7) Extreme AO (SR ~ 90% in H-band) Coronagraphy at small inner working angles: 0.1 – 3 Spectral Differential imaging (IRDIS, IFS) Polarimetric Differential imaging (ZIMPOL)

Characterization Polarimetry (IRDIS, ZIMPOL) Medium resolution Long-Slit spectroscopy

(R~500 in range 0.95 – 2.32 microns, IRDIS) Low resolution spectroscopy (R~50, IFS, IRDIS)

Classical imaging at high Strehl ratios (IRDIS, ZIMPOL)

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The concept

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40x40 SH-WFS in visible1.2 KHz, RON < 1e-

ALC, 4QPMs, Lyot, SlitsIR –TT sensor

λ = 0.5 – 0.9 µm - FoV = 3.5”

0.95 – 1.65 µm FoV = 1.77”

0.95 – 2.32 µm - FoV = 12.5’’

Nasmyth platform, static bench, Temperature control, cleanliness control Active vibration control

Concept overview

Beam control DM, TTs

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SPHERE implementation

CPICPI

IRDISIRDISIFSIFS

ZIMPOLZIMPOL

ITTMITTM

PTTMPTTM

DMDM

DTTPDTTP

DTTSDTTS

WFSWFS

De-rotatorDe-rotator

VIS ADCVIS ADCNIR ADCNIR ADC

NIR coronoNIR corono

VIS coronoVIS corono

HWP2HWP2

HWP1HWP1

Polar CalPolar Cal

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Spectral Differential Imaging (SDI)

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Lenzen paper

NACO, Close et al. 2003

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Angular Differential Imaging (ADI)

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NACO at Nasmyth of VLT (Alt-Az)-> pupil and field rotate at different speeds

Standard: Rotate NACO to stabilize field PANew option: Rotate NACO to stabilize pupil (and diffraction pattern and quasi-static speckles)

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Instrument modes

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IRDIS / IFS performances

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ZIMPOL performance

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Predicted Science Output

MC simulations (MESS, Bonavita et al.) Modeled planet population or extrapolated RV

distribution Model planet brightness (thermal, reflected,

albedo, phase angle,…) Match statistics with RV results

1616Young stars (<5 108 yrs)Nearby stars (<20 pc)

Mordasini et al. (2009)

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Science objectives

Radial Velocity

Large Surveys

HC & HAR Imaging

μ Lensing

Transits

Stars - BDsStars - BDs

BDs - PlanetsBDs - Planets

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XAO with HOT Developed at ESO in collaboration with Arcetri and Durham Univ. H-band Strehl ratios ~90% in 0.5 seeing (SPIE 2008, Esposito et al.

& Aller-Carpentier et al. ) correcting 8-m aperture for ~600 modes

2 4 6 8 10 1250

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Star magnitude

SR

(%

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Aller-Carpentier, proc. AO4ELT

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XAO coronagraphy with HOT

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Good agreement with SPHERE simulations

Martinez et al., submitted to A&AL

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CP bench aka piano

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CP dampers

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CP mounts and stages

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Toric mirrors All toric finished TM1&TM2 in specs New TM3 started

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Cabinets and cooling systems

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Calibration sources

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CODE/HODM testing

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WFS

ASTRON, 16/17 Nov ASTRON, 16/17 Nov 200920092727

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OCAM with LA

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IFS

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Opto - mechanics Layout

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IFS camera

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IRDIS status: MFG Progress

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ZIMPOL

Mark Downing (ESO), Peter Steiner (ETH) and Charlotte installing eng.detector system

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ZIMPOL, 1st light

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Project Schedule

started in May 2001

Phase-A, Consortium selection, PDR…

December 2008: Final Design ReviewJan.-Dec. 2009: Procurement / ManufacturingOct. 2009 – June 2010: Sub-systems AITJuly 2010 – February 2011: Global system AITFeb.-March 2011: Preliminary Acceptance EuropeMay-End 2011: CommissioningEarly 2012: Beginning of science operation

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Review Passed

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