Week 1. Syllabus/Outline Web site Commas Semi-Colons Colons Other punctuation.
ESL Punctuation rules - Commas
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Transcript of ESL Punctuation rules - Commas
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By Arundathie Abeysinghe
Lecturer in English
International Aviation Academy
SriLankan Airlines
1Arundathie Abeysinghe
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Use commas to separate words and word groups with a series of three or more
e.g.Share these chocolates with your sister, your
brother, and your cousin
2Arundathie Abeysinghe
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Use commas before the name or title of a person directly addressed
e.g: Will you, Amanda, return that book before Friday? Can you, Peter, finish the assignment soon?
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Use a comma to separate the day of the month from the year and after the year
e.g.:Brian met his wife on September 28, 2009, in Boston.Exception If any part of the date is omitted, leave out the commae.g.: Brian met his wife in 2009.
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Use a comma to separate the city from the statee.g. I live in Manhattan , New York. She lives in Phoenix, Arizona.
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Use a comma to separate two adjectivese.g. She is a young, beautiful girl. If the word and is inserted between the two
adjectives, do not use a commae.g She is a young and beautiful girl.
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Use a comma after phrases of more than three words that begin a sentence
e.g. On January 1, people all over the world celebrate the New Year.
To get good results, you must study hard.
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Use a comma to separate a city from a state
e.g. She has been working in Annapolis, Maryland, during the last 5 years.
If a two letter capitalized form is used in a sentence, a comma is not necessary.
e.g. She is working in Annapolis, MD during the last 5 years.
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Use a comma to separate independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction (and, but, so, yet, for, or, nor)
e.g. I have finished studying, but I will not attend the party.
I may accept your business proposal, or I may reject it.
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Use commas to set off expressions that interrupt sentence flow
e.g. He is, as mentioned earlier, the best person to do this job.
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Use commas to surround degrees or titles used with names
e.g. Monica Wetzel, M.D., was in College with Azar Sr. and Mike Stuart II.
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Use a comma when starting a sentence with a weak clause
e.g. If she is not attending the meeting, please inform the secretary.
Do not use a comma if the sentence starts with a strong clause followed by a weak clause
e.g. Please inform the secretary if she is not attending the meeting.
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Use a comma when an adjective (-ly) is used with other adjectives
e.g. Liza is a lovely, beautiful girl. Aditya is a lively, handsome boy.
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Use a comma to separate words and word groups (with a series of three or more)
e.g. Nelly divided 20 exercise books among her sister, brother, cousins, and her friend.
NOTE: If the comma is omitted after cousins, it would mean that cousins and the friend have to divide the exercise books among themselves.
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Use commas to introduce or interrupt direct quotations shorter than three lines
e.g. “Where,” she asked “Do you hope to build the house?’
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Use a comma surrounding words such as however and therefore when they are used as interrupters
e.g. I would be glad, however, to accept your invitation.
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Use a comma to separate a statement from a question.
e.g. I can swim in the pool, can’t I? You said you can drive, can’t you?
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Use a comma when beginning sentences with introductory words – now, well, yes etc.
e.g. Well, I decided not to attend the meeting. Yes, I agree with him.
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Use a comma to separate contrasting parts of a sentence
e.g. This is Monica’s book, not Michelle’s. That is Sasha’s car, not Dave’s.
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Use a comma to separate items in a list (nouns or adjectives)
e.g. David bought vegetables, meat, fish, cheese, milk and chocolates at the supermarket
Misha is a young, beautiful, lively girl.
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Thank you!
21Arundathie Abeysinghe