ESL legal flashcards
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Transcript of ESL legal flashcards
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Accuse
To claim someone did something, often something illegal.
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Accused
A person that is alleged to have done something.
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Acquit
To say a person is not guilty and did not perform a crime.
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Advocate
A lawyer who argues for a particular side of a case in court.
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Allege
To say that someone might have done something, but it has not been proven to be true.
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Appeal
To try to reverse the judgment of a court.
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Appeal-court
A special court where appeals are heard.
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Arrest
When a police officer takes away someone who has committed a crime.
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Arson
To illegally set fire to something.
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Assault
To physically attack another person.
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Bailiff
A court worker who enforces the judge’s orders.
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Ban
To prevent someone from doing something for a certain amount of time.
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Barrister
A senior lawyer that works in higher or more important courts.
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Bench (1)
Where the judge sits in a court.
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Bench (2)
Collective name for all the judges within a court.
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Break-the-law
To do something that is not allowed under the law of that country.
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Bribery
To give something (normally money) to get an advantage.
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Burglary
To steal something from a within a building or vehicle.
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Capital punishment
The use of the death penalty for some crimes.
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Case
A single item happening within a court.
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Charge
To officially claim that a person broke the law.
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Civil law
The rules related to the running of a country or state.
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Commit a crime
To do something illegal.
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Compensate
To give something (often money) to offset criminal damage.
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Convict
To state that someone if guilty of a crime.
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Court clerk
The person who ensures a court runs smoothly, the person who keeps the court records.
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Courtroom
The place where cases are heard by a judge.
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Criminal law
The rules related to crime and the punishment of crimes.
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Criminal
A person who has been convicted by a court.
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Death penalty
To kill someone as a form of punishment for committing a crime.
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Defence attorney
A lawyer who explains why a person did not do the crime or why they are innocent.
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Defence
The argument as to why someone is innocent.
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Defendant
The person who has been accused of committing a crime.
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Dock
The place where the defendant sits during the trial.
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Drink-driving
The crime of driving a vehicle after drinking alcohol.
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Drug dealing
The crime of selling illegal drugs.
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Embezzlement
The crime of stealing money owned by someone else but which you were in charge of.
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Evidence
The material and information that is used in a court case to show innocence or guilt.
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Expert witness
Someone who knows a lot about a topic and is called to give evidence.
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Felony
A serious crime (American English).
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Fine
To be required to give away money as a punishment for committing a crime.
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Foreperson
The leader of a jury and the person who speaks for them.
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Forgery
The crime of making something and claiming it is something else.
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Fraud
The crime of using false information to get something.
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Guilty
To be found to have committed a crime.
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High-court
The most important court in a country (British English).
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Hijack
The crime of taking a vehicle with people and forcing it to go somewhere.
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Homicide
The crime of intentionally killing someone (same as murder) (American English).
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Illegal
Something that is not allowed by the laws of a country.
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Imprison
To put someone in prison for as a punishment for committing a crime.
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Indict
To officially accuse someone of committing a crime.
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Innocent
To be proven to be not guilty, to have not committed the crime.
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Judge
The person who decides what sentence to give to someone found guilty of committing a crime.
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Jury
A group of 12 people who listen to the evidence in a case and then decide if the accused is guilty.
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Jury room
The room where the jury goes to consider the evidence and give a verdict.
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Justice
A situation where a guilty person has been punished.
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Juvenile
A person who is not an adult and is often dealt with in special courts.
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Kidnapping
The crime of taking a person away and demanding money to return them.
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Law
The rule or rules that govern how people should behave.
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Lawsuit
A court case brought by an individual person rather than officials.
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Lawyer
A person who studies and practices law.
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Legal
Related to and governed by the law.
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Magistrate
A judge with lower qualifications who deals with minor offences.
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Manslaughter
The crime of accidentally killing someone.
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Misdemeanour
A less serious crime (American English).
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Murder
The crime of intentionally killing someone (same as homicide) (British English).
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Negligence
To act without proper care for the consequences.
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Not-guilty
To have not committed a crime.
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Offence
The specific law that a person has broken.
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Parole
To be released from prison early but with restrictions on the person’s actions.
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Perjury
The crime of lying while promising not to lie.
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Pick-pocketing
The crime of stealing something from a person’s pocket or bag.
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Plaintiff
The person starts an action in a court.
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Plea
The response to whether a person did or did not commit a crime: guilty or innocent.
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Police officer
A person who catches criminal and stops crimes being committed.
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Precedent
Where previous judgments are used as the base of new laws.
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Prison sentence
The time that a criminal has to spend in prison.
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Prison
A place where criminals are sent and locked up as a punishment for their crimes.
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Probation
A period of time where a criminals behaviour is looked at closely and if they do anything wrong they can go to prison.
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Prosecution
The lawyers who are trying to prove a person is guilty.
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Public gallery
The area in a court room where people can sit and watch.
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Robbery
The crime of taking something that does not belong to you.
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Shoplifting
The crime of taking something from a shop without stealing.
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Smuggling
The crime of bringing something into a country that is illegal or not paying taxes related to the items.
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Solicitor
A lawyer who can be consulted for advice and who prepares documents.
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Stand trial
To be prosecuted in front of a jury.
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Statement
Formal description of what happened or was observed.
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Stenographer
The person who records every word spoken in a court.
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Sue
To start a legal claim against a person or entity.
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Suspect
A person who is believed to have committed a crime.
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Take the stand
To go to the front of the court room (the stand) and give evidence.
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Terrorism
The crime of using violence against people to achieve a specific goal.
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Testify
To give evidence in a court.
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The accused
The person who is standing trial for committing a crime.
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The stand
The place at the front of the court room where witnesses stand to give evidence.
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Theft
The crime of taking something that is not yours.
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Trespassing
The crime of entering an area or building without permission.
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Trial
The process of a jury listening to evidence and then giving a verdict.
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Unanimous
Everyone agrees with the same answer.
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Vandalism
The crime of damaging property.
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Verdict
The final decision reached by a jury, normally ‘guilty’ or ‘not guilty’.
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Victim
The person who has had a crime committed against them and who has suffered.
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Violate
To not follow rules that are specifically set.
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Witness
A person who has information about a crime.
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