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Welcome to Presentation

on

Climate Change and Ocean Accounts in Bangladesh: National Approach towards SDGs Monitoring

Deputy Director

Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)

Ministry of Planning

Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Venue: UNCC, UN Building, Bangkok, Thailand

Date: 01-03 August 2018

ESCAP Asia and the Pacific Regional Expert Workshop on

Ocean Accounts

Contents

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Background: Country context

Vulnerability Assessment and Climate Change & Disaster Statistics

Interventions of Climate Change and Disaster Management Issues

Ocean Accounts (Blue Economy)

Availability of data for monitoring SDGs indicators

SDGs Implementation Process and Monitoring

Responsibility for Producing Official Statistics

Challenges and Way Forward

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Background: Country Context

Recognized globally as one of the most vulnerable countries to ClimateChange and Natural Disaster:

Geographical location and Area: 147 Thousand sq. km

Multiplicity of rivers: Over 405 rivers, (Including 57 trans-boundary river)

Deltaic landscape: 80% floodplain

Population: 162.7 Million (2017)

Population density: 1103/km2 (2017)

Population in Urban Area: 23.43 % (2011 P. Census)

Slum Population in Urban Area: 2.23 Million (2014)

Average Life Expectancy: 72.0 Year (2017)

Per Capita Income: 1,752 in US$ (2017-18p)

GDP Growth Rate: 07.65 % (2017-18p)

Annual Inflation Rate: 5.78 % (2017-18)

Poverty rate: (Upper 23.2 % and extreme 12.9 % April-June 2016)

Resilient Country: Regular and Devastating disastrous events

DROUGHT - Affecting 8.3 million Ha of land.

Background (Risk Profile)

FLASH FLOOD –Unpredictable, recurring,

uncertain.

FLOOD - Inundates more areas, increases

river erosion, breaches embankments, damage

infrastructures.

CYCLONE - Remain to be the deadliest and

most destructive hazard. It is recurring, with

lingering aftermath, complex recovery.

▪ First rank climate change vulnerable nations.

▪ Sixth rank in the world 2016

SALINITY INTRUSION - Spreading from

1.5 to 2.5 Mha (2007).

and Climate Change hazards, earthquakes, fire breakout, infrastructure

collapse etc. Source: MoDMR

Number of people

exposed yearly

45 Million

20 Million

35 Million

Annually about 14% GNP exposure to disasters, the highest in the world…

Background (Risk Mapping)

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Inventory of the vulnerable areas for 1. droughts (pink),

2. floods (light blue),

3. surges (yellow ochre) and

4. hot spots related to large rivers (in

red),

5. coast (blue), urban centres (yellow),

6. haor/wetlands (green) and

7. hill tracts/soil erosion (yellow (ochre).

source: CEGIS

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Background (Word Risk Report-2016)

CRI

1995–2014

(1994–2013)

Country CRI score Death toll Deaths per

100 000

inhabitants

Total losses in

million

US$ PPP

Losses per

unit GDP in

%

Number of

events (total

1995–2014)

1 (1) Honduras 11.33 302.75 4.41 570.35 2.23 73

2 (2) Myanmar 14.17 7 137.20 14.75 1 140.29 0.74 41

3 (3) Haiti 17.83 252.65 2.76 223.29 1.55 63

4 (5) Philippines 19.00 927.00 1.10 2 757.30 0.68 337

4 (4) Nicaragua 19.00 162.30 2.97 227.18 1.23 51

6 (6) Bangladesh 22.67 725.75 0.52 2 438.33 0.86 222

7 (7) Vietnam 27.17 361.30 0.44 2 205.98 0.70 225

8 (10) Pakistan 31.17 487.40 0.32 3 931.40 0.70 143

9 (11) Thailand 32.33 164.20 0.25 7 480.76 1.05 217

10 (9) Guatemala 32.50 83.35 0.66 407.76 0.50 88

The Long-Term Climate Risk Index (CRI): the 10 countries most affected from 1995 to

2014 (annual averages)

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Background (Word Risk Report-2016)

u Flood

u Tropical Cyclone

u Storm Surge

u Tornado

u River Bank Erosion

u Drought

u Earthquake

u Arsenic

u Fire

u Landslide

u Lightening

Year Disasters Death1970 Cyclone 1,000,000

1988 Flood 2,373

1988 Cyclone 5,704

1991 Cyclone 138,868

1996 Tornado 545

1997 Cyclone 550

1998 Flood 918

2004 Flood 747

2007 Flood 1,071

2007 Landslide 129

2007 Cyclone(SIDR) 3,406

2009 Cyclone (‘alia) 190

2012 Landslide 119

2013 Cyclone (Mahasen) 16

2015 Komen 01

2016 ROANU 27

(Source: DDM 2016)

Major Climate induced Disasters in Bangladesh

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Climate Change and Disaster-related Statistics

About 13 % Household and 12.64 % Population live in disaster prone area of Bangladesh.

(Source: ICCHL 2015, BBS)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Population Household

Not Affected by Disaster 87.36 87.00

Disaster Affected 12.64 13.00

Not Affected by Disaster Disaster Affected

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Damage and Loss Statistics at household levels 2009-’14.

Out of 184247.34 million taka From (FY 2009-15) average GDP (per year) volume is 11,378,286 Million BDT. In 2009-14 (CY)

period average per year 30,708 Million BDT. If No damage and loss in that period at hh. levels. GDP volume could be

increased about average 0.30 % per year (Source: ICCHL 2015, BBS)

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Damage of Land Area Statistics at Household Levels

Out of 1.6 millions acre of land 11.97%, 3.06%, 80.22%, 3.97% and 0.78% land was damaged for the homestead, garden

or nursery, crops, pond or wetland and others land respectively. The Figure indicates that the majority (68.26%) of land

damage is due to river or coastal erosion followed by (13.99%) are in flood, (10.44%) are in salinity and the rest (7.32%)

comprise five categories of disaster areas (Source: ICCHL 2015, BBS)

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Vulnerability Assessment Based on Quintile Income Group

Crops Livestock Poultry Fishery Land HousesHomestead

forestryTotal

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Q1 34957 2038 279 75 268 1351 1066 394 5471 15.7

Q2 74590 1776 270 77 220 1397 1231 382 5353 7.2

Q3 105986 1987 331 87 300 1888 1255 529 6377 6.0

Q4 152092 2566 353 92 395 2026 1260 743 7435 4.9

Q5 357897 4665 460 95 934 2877 1244 846 11121 3.1

Total 139357 2549 335 85 409 1881 1211 570 7040 5.1

Average

Annual

Income (Tk)

Average Annual Damage and Loss (Tk) Proportion

of damage

and loss to

total income

Household

Group

Lowest

Income Group

Highest

Income Group

As high as about 16% of income goes for damage and loss in bottom quintile. While it is only 3% for the top quintile. Bottom

quintile is more vulnerable (5 times) than top quintile in exposure to damage and loss. Proportion of damage and loss

decrease as income goes up (Source: ICCHL 2015, BBS).

➢ Bangladesh is one of the most resilient countries of the

world.

➢ Our sustainable future depends on sustainable livelihood,

food security, health care services and green environment.

➢ The relentless efforts of Sheikh Hasina’s Government has

made Bangladesh, a resilient country to natural disasters.

➢ We have been able to reduce the loss of life and livelihood

from disasters over the years.

➢ It is lauded by the World community.

Climate Change and Disaster-related concepts and Acts & rules have

been made in national documents:

➢ Disaster Management Act 2012

➢ Standing Orders on Disaster (SOD) 2010

➢ Durjog Kosh (Disaster Dictionary) 2009

➢ National Plan for Disaster Management 2010-2015

➢ National Strategy on the Management of Disaster and Climate

Induced Internal Displacement (Nsmdciid)

➢ Wildlife Preservation Act 1973

➢ Terrestrial Water and Marine Zone Act 1974

➢ Environmental Conservation Act 1995

➢ Environmental Pollution Control Ordinance 1997

➢ National Environment Management Action Plan (NEMAP 1992)

➢ National Environment Policy 1992

➢ National Land Use Policy 2002

➢ Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plan 2005

➢ National Adaptation Plan of Action (NAPA) 2005 (Updated 2009)

➢ Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) 2009

➢ Wildlife (Conservation and Security) Act 2012

➢ Forest (Amendment) Act 2012

➢ Haor Master Plan 2012-2032

Ocean Accounts (Blue Economy)

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Blue Economy –Bangladesh Context

The objective of Blue Economy is to exploiting untapped potential ofthe marine environment using useful solutions and innovations forincreasing food security, alleviating poverty, improving nutrition andhealth, creating jobs, lifting trade and industrial profiles whileprotecting ecosystem health and biodiversity, and also improvingregional security and peace.

Living in the Coastal Zone: 45 million people

Maritime Boundary: 118,813 sq. Km

Length of Coast Line: 710 km long

Economic Zone: 200 nautical miles (NM) of exclusive, and

354 NM continental shelves from the Chittagong coast

Multiplicity of rivers: Over 405 rivers

(Including 57 TB river)

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Major Opportunities of Blue Economy

✓ Backbone of National Economy of Bangladesh

✓ Resolve the issues of climate changes

✓ Generate jobs for millions and bring about tangible changes

in the lives and livelihood

✓ 45 Millions of people living along the coastline

✓ Lifting trade and industrial profiles

✓ Marine based economic resources

✓ Biodiversity protection and conservation

✓ Vision of scientific understanding

✓ Living, non-living and potential other resources

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Major Economic Sectors of Blue Economy

Blue economy is to promote smart, sustainable and inclusive growth and employment

opportunities in Bangladesh's maritime economic activities in the short, medium and

long-term time frames. The Blue economy initiative specifically aims to promote

synergies and foster framework conditions that support specific maritime economic

activities and their value chains

❖ Established “Blue Economy Cell (BEC)” under the Ministry of Power, Energy and

Mineral Resources

❖ Establishing an Oceanographic Research Institute in the Maritime University

❖ National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) as part of developing a

strategy to better govern marine resources

❖ SDGs Implementation Strategy and Climate Change Resilience Action Plan

❖ ‘Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Framework of Sustainable Development Goals

(SDGs):

Number of Initiatives for Blue Economy

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The Major threats to coastal and marine living ecosystem in Bangladesh

Protecting the area from international smugglers and fish pirates.

Preserving mangrove and sea grass. Addressing climate change and

managing carbon emission. Maintaining sea level rise and change in

ecosystem and temperatures, from coral bleaching

Challenges for Blue Economy

Lack of coordination and integration;

Lack of knowledge or scientific understanding;

Inadequate human resources;

Lack of investment: for example, in the mining and petroleumindustry;

Improper allocation of roles and designation of focal points;

Weak intersectoral interaction, particularly on marine policyissues;

Inadequate public participation and stakeholder inclusion;

Lack of integration and coordination among laws, agencies,and field level operations

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Recommendations for Blue Economy

➢ To integrate of Ecosystem and long term livelihood concerned into the

national development agenda for implementing the SDGs

➢ To play in the role in conservation and utilization of Marine Resources

such as Mangrove Forest

➢ To invest in improving Ocean Governance for promoting Blue Economy

➢ To aware and facilitate a better understanding of resource based Blue

Economy

➢ To conduct a rigorous natural resource mapping and exercise with GIS

integration in the Bay of Bengal (Bangladesh Part)

➢ To carry out and coordinate a systematic scientific review and economic

analysis in regular basis

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108

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Readily Available Partially Available Not Available

Availability of data to monitor SDGs indicators in Bangladesh

Goal wise Data Availability in Bangladesh

Goal wise Data Availability in Bangladesh

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SDGs Implementation and Monitoring Committee

➢A comprised of 16-members “SDGs Implementation and Monitoring

Committee” has been formed and appointed a Principal Coordinator,

SDGs Affairs to the Prime Minister Office (PMO).

➢ The Principal Coordinator for SDGs Affairs, a new high level post, has

been created in the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) to spearhead the

process and forge coordination.

➢ The first task of the “SDGs Implementation and Monitoring Committee”

was to review the SDGs Mapping.

➢ Involving NGOs, civil society and Development Partners in delineating

government responsibilities by the Ministries/Divisions/ Departments to

each of the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals.

❖Initiated “Settings Priorities for Data Support to 7thFYP and SDGs: An Overview by BBS and

Established SDGs Cell at BBS for mining and producing official Statistics;

❖Published “SDGs Mapping of Ministries/ Divisions by Targets of SDGs and the 7thFYP” by

General Economics Division (GED), Planning Commission of Bangladesh;

❖Published “Data Gap Analysis of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Bangladesh

Perspective by GED, Planning Commission;

❖Published “Bangladesh Disaster-related Statistics 2015: Climate Change and Natural Disaster

Perspectives” to build a baseline by BBS;

❖ Bangladesh Participated the result of UNESCAP DRSF with Fiji, Indonesia and the Philippines as

a Pilot Testing Country;

❖Published "Bangladesh Environmental Statistics Framework (BESF) 2016-2030” to align all of

the required monitoring and reporting;

❖Completed the “Pilot Poverty-Environment Accounts (PEA) 2017” align with SEEA;

❖SDG Tracker has been established with the help of Access to Information (a2i) Project of PMO

to analyze the data for tracking and evaluating SDG attainment;

Experience in Bangladesh

Statistical RequirementsGoal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources

• DoF, DoE, MoS, BN will require capacity building to deal survey in the marine areas

• DoE will have to enhance its capacity to do survey in regards of relevant SDGs indicators and targets

• After completion of 2018 (Fisheries Census) BBS may provide proxy data on Proportion of fish stocks

• Joint approach with a lead from MoEF will be required to measure the indicator Coverage of protected

areas in relation to marine areas

• Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF) survey will be required by DoF to provide data in

near future

• DoF will have to cope with the measurement of “Sustainable Fisheries” for BBS

• FD has to compile the budget data as suggested by MoST, MoS, MoFL and MoE who are having marine

researches

• Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and

Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines) will be required to be followed by DoF for dealing fisheries related

survey

• MoFA and MoLE will have to ensure implementation of branches of ILO Maritime Labour Convention of

2006 as ratified in 2014 by Bangladesh

Responsibility for Producing Official Statistics

➢ According to Statistical Act 2013 and NSDS as the NSO, BBS will take the core

responsibility for producing official national statistics;

➢ To generate 89 data related to SDGs targets and process of coordination with other

data producers organization to generate the relevant data timely;

➢ The commitment to ‘leave no one behind’ has been a key feature of the SDGs;

➢ To produce data at disaggregated levels and have to be given to generate high-

quality, timely and reliable data e.g. gender, age, income and geographic location;

➢ Availability, authenticity and reliability of Administrative data will be vetted by

BBS according to Statistics Act 2013;

➢ As per Statistical Act 2013, if any Non-Government entity wants to generate data

in areas related to SDGs, BBS will encourage them.

Challenges for Producing Ocean Statistics

Ocean Accounts/Statistics fields have various problems with

accessibility, quality and timeliness of data;

Difficult to fix a reference year and baseline of Ocean

Accounts/Statistics;

Complex coordination, participation and accountability among BBS and

other Sectoral Agencies/ Organizations;

Integration in national planning process and development of

institutional mechanism for implementation;

Requirement for financial resources and manpower with technical

assistance for developing new surveys and capacities;

Challenges in the development while maintaining statistical

independence;

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➢ Ensuring the complementary collaboration among UNSD, UNSC, UNEP,

UNPEI, ESCAP, WB, ADB, UNDP, all Expert Groups and National Statistical

Offices (NSOs);

➢ Technical and financial support should be provided by UNDP, UNEP,

UNPEI, UNESCAP, World Bank and other Development Partners for

institutionalization of Ocean Accounts/Statistics system at BBS;

➢ Considering the importance to Ocean-related Accounts/Statistics and

information;

➢ Ocean Accounts/Statistics should be prepared and updated in every 3/5

reference year;

➢ Sharing and reporting Ocean Accounts/Statistics by bi-lateral and multi-

lateral technical with render cooperation, and contribute to the ongoing

development of environmental Statistics in Bangladesh;

Way Forward

Thank You for Patient Hearing

Md. Rafiqul IslamDeputy Director

Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)

Statistics and Informatics Division (SID)

Ministry of Planning

Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Email: rafiqbbs25@gmail.com

rafiqbbs43@hotmail.com

Cell Phone: +880-1712-141750

Website: www.bbs.gov.bd