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science

earth observation

human spaceflight space transportation

navigation

technology operations exploration

telecommunications

and applications

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Monitoring of

plastic pollution

using satellite

images

© W

WF

24. June 2020

ESA Webinar

Dr. Bernhard Bauske

WWF Germany

Photo: © NASA

+ 100

1961

+ 6.200

+ 5.000.000

WWF is active in

over 100 countries

spanning across

5 continents

WWF was founded

in 1961

WWF has over 6.000

employees throughout

the world

WWF has over 5

million supporters

24.06.2020 12WWF Germany I Monitoring of plastic waste in the ocean

The WWF in short

700almost 700

marine

species are

known to be

impacted by

plastic

ingestion or

entanglement

©Vincent Kneefel I WWF

NL

Biodiversity

Gall & Thompson 2015

WWF Germany I Monitoring of plastic waste in the ocean 13

75%of plastic

leakage into

the ocean

comes from

uncollected

waste

©Vincent Kneefel I WWF

NL

Social

McKinsey: Stemming the Tide Report

2015

WWF Germany I Monitoring of plastic waste in the ocean 14

WWF No Plastic in Nature Initiative

24.06.2020 15WWF Germany I Monitoring of plastic waste in the ocean

2. Global Plastics

Policy

• Advocacy for a global policy

solution to halt plastic

emissions

• Create international legally

binding instrument and

agreement to target plastic

pollution (including Extended

Producer Responsibility

schemes)

3. PlasticSmart Cities

• Addressing major leakage

points at city level

• Piloting in high polluting sites

in South East Asia

• Ambition to start a global

movement

1. Business Model

Innovation

• Bilateral & Sectoral

Corporate Engagement

• Global platform on

plastics (ReSource)

• Entrepreneurship and

innovation

• Extended Producer

Responsibility

Global Plastics Campaign Cross cutting support to all work-streams

Examples from our work in countries of SE – Asia: Waste

management action plans for cities and regions

24.06.2020 16WWF Germany I Monitoring of plastic waste in the ocean

Plastic smart cities network

Project sites VietnamTraining separate waste collection

Project Tan An, Vietnam

National

campaign

© WWF Vietnam

A global problem needs a global solution

24.06.2020 17WWF Germany I Monitoring of plastic waste in the ocean

Global standards and regulations on high risk materials and disposal methods

National targets to prevent, control and removemarine plastic pollution.

Global architecture to coordinate, report and review.

Intergovernmental panel of experts and harmonized measurement and monitoring

Implementation support mechanism. I.e., finance, technology, capacity building.

A newinternationallegally bindingagreement

Monitoring: Guidelines of GESAMP

24.06.2020 18WWF Germany I Monitoring of plastic waste in the ocean

Guidelines for several methods of

monitoring for marine litter:

• Sea shorelines

• Sea surface

• Water column

• Sea floor

• Marine biota

• Microplastics

Source: GESAMP (2019), Guidelines for the monitoring

and assessment of plastic litter in the ocean

Optical satellite data can fill a gap for monitoring

of plastic waste

24.06.2020 19WWF Germany I Monitoring of plastic waste in the ocean

Waste management data₊ Quantitative results possible

₊ Adresses directly the root cause of

marine litter

₊ Measurement of national

commitments possible

Needs support by government and

regular reporting

Does not reflect the real input of

litter into the ocean

Citizen Science, e.g.

Litterati₊ Can be used for regional monitoring

₊ Estimate input of plastic into nature

Requires local and continuous

engagement

Results cannot be related to ocean

contamination

Needs access to countries

Calculating input by rivers₊ Describes an important pathway for

ocean pollution

₊ Direct and quantitative

measurements possible

Needs access o countries

Other pathways neglected

Needs efforts to monitor all countries

Survey by boat (visual, net)₊ More detailed analyses possible, e.g.

waste / plastic composition

₊ Describes an important pathway for

ocean pollution

₊ Direct and quantitative measurements

possible

Access to country coastal areas

necessary

Needs efforts to monitor all countries

Satellite monitoring₊ Existing infrasructure (Sentinel-2) and

(possibly) workflow

₊ Many countries can be covered

₊ Times series possible

₊ No access to countries and coastal

areas needed

₊ Little effort in comparison to other

methods

Only larger patches detectable

Quantitative analysis will be difficult

Restricted to sea surface

Developing satellite monitoring as a

practical solution

There are some major advantages of satellite monitoring:

• No access to countries / shorelines necessary

• Insfrastructure is partly available

• No time-consuming efforts to collect plastic debris

• Times - series possible

• Correlation with data from ocean current analysis

• Can be used supplementary to other methods

Strong need to elaborate a reliable monitoringmethod based on satellite data

24.06.2020 20WWF Germany I Monitoring of plastic waste in the ocean

Satellite monitoring of floating plastic debris

24.06.2020 21WWF Germany I Monitoring of plastic waste in the ocean

• Research to use satellite images for

detection of floating plastic debris

• Sentinel-2 Earth observation data

• Plastic can be distinguished from

other floating debris (e.g. Wood,

large algae)

• Suspected plastics were

successfully classified as plastics

with an accuracy of 86%.

Study of Biermann et. al. 2020

Proposed outputs of this project

Output 1: Sensitivity analysis of detection in selected sites.

Determination of the focal regions to conduct a continuous monitoring, (e.g. coastal

areas around the major polluting rivers). A regional monitoring for selected sites will

be tested.

Output 2: Change detection over time and quantitative measurements

have been assessed.

Evaluation of a continuous monitoring of marine plastic pollution from selected areas.

Testing possible determination of quantitative data.

Output 3: Recommendations for international monitoring procedure

developed and advocated for.

A proposal for a monitoring procedure, which can be used by international institutions

like UNEP for monitoring the progress of reducing marine plastic pollution in an

international agreement, has been finalized. Graphics have been produced for

visualization.

24.06.2020 22WWF Germany I Monitoring of plastic waste in the ocean

Questions and discussion

24.06.2020 WWF Germany I Monitoring of plastic waste in the ocean 23

© 2011, WWF. All photographs used in this presentation are copyright protected and courtesy of the WWF-Canon Global Photo Network and the respective photographers.

Dr. Bernhard Bauske

WWF Germany

Kaiserstr. 70

60329 Frankfurt am Main

Phone: +49 (0) 69 / 7 91 44-172

Mobile: +49 (0) 151 / 18 85 49 06

bernhard.bauske@wwf.de

www.wwf.de

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© Fondation Tara Expedition

© Fondation Tara Expedition

PLASTIC POLLUTION IS

INVISIBLE

0,01%

80 millions t

SOLUTIONS EXIST BUT

ARE COSTLY & RESERVED

FOR INDUSTRIALS

LOW

TECHOPEN

SOURCESMALL

SCALE

INFRARED SORTING1

RECYCLING2

PYROLYSIS3

2020 - 2024

INITIATE SMALL

SCALE SOCIAL

BUSINESSES

2020 - 2024

<

<

<

<

IDENTIFY WASTE LEAKAGE FROM AN AREA INTO THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

<

<

<

<

IDENTIFY GARBAGE ACCUMULATION SITES

<

<

<

<

IDENTIFY INFRASTRUCTURES (ROADS, HARBOURS etc)

<

<

<

<

FIND OPTIMAL PLACE FOR RECYCLING FACILITY

© Fondation Tara Expedition

THANK YOU

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