ES1274A - ECOTRONS VCU | EFI · 2020. 5. 14. · microcontroller. The MP574xP M U family features a...
Transcript of ES1274A - ECOTRONS VCU | EFI · 2020. 5. 14. · microcontroller. The MP574xP M U family features a...
ES1274A Datasheet_V1.9
Copyright ECOTRONS LLC All Rights Reserved
ES1274A
Main Microprocessor
MPC5744
ISO26262 ASIL-D integrity level
200MHz
2.5M Flash
384K SRAM
Float Point Capability
(SBC) MC33CFS6500 microprocessor
Inputs
8 Analog Inputs
9 Digital Inputs
2 Frequency Inputs
Communication
3 CAN 2.0B (CANA, CANB, CANC)
CANA supports wake-up function
1 LIN
Sensor 5V Supply: 2 channels
SPI Serial EEPROM: 64K
Hardware Watchdog
Outputs
4 High-Side Drivers (2 of which could be configured as
PWM outputs)
10 Low Side Drivers (2 of which could be configured as
PWM outputs)
9-32 V Operating Voltage
OTP: 12KB, 10KB Optional
Environmental
-40°C to +85°C Operating
ISO26262 Compliant
Simulink Model Based Design
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Date Version Note
V1.0
Nov. 11, 2019 V1.8 Section 4.7
Bootloader Reset
May 11, 2020 V1.9 Contact info update
Contact us: Web: http://www.ecotrons.com Email: [email protected]
Address: 13115 Barton Rd, STE H Whittier, CA, 90605 United States
Tel: +1 562-758-3039 +1 562-713-1105
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INFORMATION ................................................................................ 5
1.1 SCU Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 SCU Features ............................................................................................................................................ 5
CHAPTER 2 HARDWARE ......................................................................................................... 7
2.1 Specifications ........................................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 Mechanical Dimensions .......................................................................................................................... 8
CHAPTER 3 CONNECTOR AND PINOUTS .......................................................................... 9
3.1 Connector .................................................................................................................................................. 9
3.2 Pinouts ..................................................................................................................................................... 10
3.3 System Example ..................................................................................................................................... 13
CHAPTER 4 APPLICATION NOTES ..................................................................................... 14
4.1 Power ........................................................................................................................................................ 14 4.1.1 SCU Power ............................................................................................................................................. 14 4.1.2 Sensor Power Supply ........................................................................................................................... 15 4.1.3 VPWR Control Logic.............................................................................................................................. 16
4.2 Inputs ........................................................................................................................................................ 17 4.2.1 Digital Inputs ........................................................................................................................................... 17 4.2.2 Analog Inputs .......................................................................................................................................... 18 4.2.3 Frequency Inputs ................................................................................................................................... 20
4.3 Outputs ..................................................................................................................................................... 20 4.3.1 Low Side Outputs ................................................................................................................................... 20 4.3.2 High Side Outputs .................................................................................................................................. 22
4.4 Communication Module ........................................................................................................................ 23 4.4.1 SCU CAN Module Introduction ............................................................................................................ 23 4.4.2 DBC File Import ...................................................................................................................................... 25 4.4.3 CCP Protocol Implementation .............................................................................................................. 26
4.5 Safety Monitoring Module ..................................................................................................................... 27
4.6 Software Architecture ............................................................................................................................ 29
4.7 Reset ......................................................................................................................................................... 30
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CHAPTER 5 SOFTWARE TOOLS ......................................................................................... 31
5.1 Code Generation Tool – EcoCoder ...................................................................................................... 32
5.2 Calibration Tool – EcoCal ...................................................................................................................... 33
5.3 Re-Programming Tool – EcoFlash ....................................................................................................... 34
APPENDIX: STANDARD TESTS ........................................................................................... 35
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Chapter 1 General Information
1.1 SCU Introduction
Supervisory Control Unit, or SCU, is the auxiliary power controller for electrical/hybrid vehicles.
The range extender is an additional power storage component installed on vehicle to extend the
actual vehicle mileage. The SCU determines the vehicle operating condition by receiving input
information from ECU, MCU and VCU (such as engine speed, engine torque, request power,
etc.).
According to the MAP efficiency diagram of the engine and generator, SCU can choose the best
operating point for them to make the range extender reach the maximum efficiency, and meet
the product design requirements.
1.2 SCU Features
ISO26262 Oriented Design ASIL-D Safety Level
ES1274A SCU has an NXP MPC5744 microcontroller. The MPC574xP MCU family features a 32-bit embedded Power Architecture®, designed to meet the ASIL-D safety level. *Please refer to NXP official file MPC5744P Microcontroller Data Sheet (REV 6.1)
Basic Software (BSW) Ecotrons SCU comes with the Basic Software (BSW) pre-programmed, supporting all typical input/output drivers for vehicle controls.
Model Based Design Production Code Generation Tool
The BSW is encapsulated as Simulink library block sets, called “EcoCoder”. Users could take advantage of the model-based design to quickly build control strategy within Simulink. With one-click in Simulink, you can get the executable code and A2L description file.
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CAN Bus-Based Programming EcoFlash is a CAN bus-based programming tool. Users could re-program the executable into SCU conveniently.
CAN Calibration Protocol (CCP) Ecotrons SCU supports the Ecotrons calibration tool, EcoCAL, and can be compatible with INCA, CANape, or other CCP-based calibration tools.
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Chapter 2 Hardware
2.1 Specifications
Supply Voltage DC 12/24V(9~32V)
Working Temperature -40~85 °C
Humidity 0~95%, no condensation
Storage Temperature -40~85 °C
Protection Level IP67
Mechanical Shock 50g
Expected Life 10 years
Electric Performance ISO16750, ISO7637 compliance
EMC CISPR25 compliance
Dimensions 156×128×46mm
Weight ≤350g
Housing Die-casting aluminum
Rated Power Consumption 3W
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2.2 Mechanical Dimensions
Unit: mm
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Chapter 3 Connector and Pinouts
3.1 Connector
Ecotrons SCUs use the automotive rated connector, made by Delphi, which meet the automotive
safety requirements. The following table lists parts of the connector. Customers can buy their
own connector parts to make the harness, or they can ask Ecotrons to buy for them.
No. Name Part Number manufacturer
1 CONN HEADER 122POS R/A TIN .100 F932300 Delphi
4 Contact Crimp Socket 20-24 AWG Tin PPI0001484 Delphi
5 Contact Crimp Socket 20-24 AWG Tin PPI0000489 Delphi
8 MQS RETAINER HSG FOR 64P PPI0001501 Delphi
9 MQS 64P LEVER ASSY PPI0001526 Delphi
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3.2 Pinouts
Name Pin # Description Specification
Power supply
BATT
10
DC 12/24V power
Voltage range: 9-32V Voltage monitoring channel: AI28 Voltage dividing ratio in EcoCoder: ‘(200K + 31.6K) / 31.6K’
*See page 13 for application note
11
26
27
PGND
9
Power ground
25
28
44
47
60
63
5V2 5 5V sensor supply
Maximum current: 150mA * Use blocks ‘PWR5V2’, ‘PWR5V3’ from ‘Power Control
Output’ to enable the 5V sensor supply or not 5V3 21
GND
23
Signal ground
*See page 14 for application note
24
49
50
51
52
57
Power-on
KEYON 18 KEYON Active-high: >8V *See page 16 for application note
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DI21 55 LOW WAKE Active-low: ≤5V
Communication
CAN_SHILD1 8 CANA shielding
CAN_SHILD2 22 CANB shielding
CANA_H 6 CANA signal
Support CAN bus wake up. Built-in 120 Ω terminal resistor. CANA_L 7
CAN B_H 20 CANB signal No terminal resistor
CAN B_L 19
CAN C_H 4 CANC signal Built-in 120 Ω terminal resistor.
CAN C_L 3
LIN 12 LINBUS Could be added upon customer requirement.
Input
AI01 54
Analog inputs
A/D resolution: 12bit Input voltage range: 0-5V Pull-up power supply: 5V Pull-up resistor: 10K Voltage dividing ratio in EcoCoder: 1 * Use blocks ‘PWR5V1’ from ‘Power Control Output’ to
enable the pull-up power supply *See page 18 for application note
AI02 53
AI03 37 A/D resolution: 12bit Input voltage range: 0-5V Voltage dividing ratio in EcoCoder: 1
AI04 35
AI05 33
AI06 38 A/D resolution: 12bit Input voltage range: 0-36V Dividing resistor: 16K Voltage dividing ratio in EcoCoder: ‘(100K + 16K) / 16K’
AI07 36
AI08 34
DI01 40 Digital inputs Active-low: ≤5V
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DI02 17
*See page 17 for application note DI03 42
DI04 43
DI06 59
Active-high: ≥8V
DI07 1
DI08 58
DI09 39
DI10 56
DI31 2 Frequency inputs by default. (Could be configured as digital inputs)
Frequency range: 20Hz-2KHz DI31 active low, DI32 active high
DI32 41
Output
HSO01 16
High-side drivers
Two channels @ 3A, max 5A * Use blocks ‘PWR12V_DRVP’ from ‘Power Control
Output’ to enable the HSO01-HSO02 HSO02 32
HSO03 48 Each channel @ 0.8A can be configured as PWM output, frequency range: 20Hz-2KHz * Use blocks ‘PWR12V_DRVP’ and ‘PWR5V1’ from ‘Power
Control Output’ to enable the HSO03-HSO04
HSO04 64
LSO01 29
Low-side drivers
Each channel @ 0.25A can be configured as PWM output, frequency range: 20Hz-2KHz * Use blocks ‘PWR5V1’ from ‘Power Control Output’ to
enable the LSO01-LSO08
LSO02 62
LSO03 14
Each channel @ 0.25A * Use blocks ‘PWR5V1’ from ‘Power Control Output’ to
enable the LSO01-LSO08
LSO04 45
LSO05 46
LSO06 13
LSO07 61
LSO08 30
LSO09 31 Each channel @ 3A, max 5A
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LSO10 15 * Use blocks ‘PWR5V1’ from ‘Power Control Output’ to
enable the LSO09-LSO010
3.3 System Example
This simple system diagram provides a sample application for SCU hardware resource. It only illustrates some typical connections. The full wiring connection is to be defined for specific user applications.
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Chapter 4 Application Notes
4.1 Power
4.1.1 SCU Power
Example Diagram
Fuse
+
-
PGND
PGND
SCU
BATT
BATT
63
PGND
PGND
PGND
60
47
44
28
26
27
Fuse10
11
25
9
PGND
PGND
BATT
BATT
Always connect all available power supply pins to allow maximum current capability, because each 12V power pin only allows limited current through. To avoid current overload on certain pins, thus to avoid the potential damage, all power pins should be connected even they seem to be redundant.
The total current through SCU is as maximum 15A.
Analog input channel AI28 is internally connected to BATT for SCU power supply voltage measurement. Its input voltage range is 0-36V with 12 bits resolution.
‘Read ADC Volt’ block in EcoCoder could be used to read voltage of BATT, please refer to ‘0-36V’ Analog Voltage Input’ part of section 4.2.2 for block setting details.
It is recommended to use a 5A fuse for pin10 and pin11. And a 5A fuse for pin26 and pin27.
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4.1.2 Sensor Power Supply
Example Diagram
SCU
5
49
5V2
A_n
GND
xxSensor
* A_n can be any 0-5V analog input channel
The ES1274A provides 2 channels of 5V sensor power supply.
5V sensor ground is common grounded internally with SCU power ground.
Sensor ground should connect to SCU signal ground instead of vehicle chassis ground.
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4.1.3 VPWR Control Logic
CAN Wake
KEYON
LOW WAKE
PowerDelay
OR
OR
BATT
VPWR
With BATT connected, SCU Power (VPWR) could be activated by KEYON, CAN Wake, LOW WAKE and Power Delay signal.
KEYON is hardwired wake-up input with actual pin on the SCU connector. It is active-high. KEYON is a typical key switch input.
CAN Wake are wake-up signal controlled by the CAN A bus driver. The driver constantly monitors CAN bus and could activate VPWR when there is traffic detected on the bus.
Power Delay signal is controlled by the low-level software and it is used for SCU power-down delay. This delay function provides the power to the SCU for an extended time window after the user turning off the key-switch. During this extended time, or “after-run”, SCU could do some “house-keeping” work, such as storing the critical data into non-volatile memory (NVM).
The user application software shall, before initiating the SCU shutdown process, make sure all the wake-up signals mentioned above are not keeping the SCU awake:
• LOW WAKE input needs to be high or floating. • Make sure there is no traffic on CAN WAKE bus. • Lastly trigger the EcoCoder power-down block.
Notice: It is recommended to connect KEYON (Pin 18) to the actual vehicle key switch and use the “Power Management Example” block in EcoCoder to manage the SCU and vehicle shutdown process. Proved power management strategies are integrated in that block.
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4.2 Inputs
4.2.1 Digital Inputs
Example Diagram
Active High
Active Low
SCU
40
1
DI01
DI07
The digital inputs on ES1274A can be used to read the state of a digital signal input which shares ground reference with SCU.
There are two kinds of DI channels: • Active-high: EcoCoder block will read a default value of 0; When the input voltage is ≥8 V, the EcoCoder block will read the input as 1.
• Active-low: EcoCoder block will read a default value of 1; When the input voltage is ≤5 V, the EcoCoder block will read the input as 0.
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4.2.2 Analog Inputs
Analog Input Wiring Example
0-5V Analog Inputs
Voltage Input Example:
xx
SCU5V
ADCAI_n1
15K
10K
0-5V DC
*n1=01, 02
* Use blocks ‘PWR5V1’ from ‘Power Control Output’ to enable the pull-up power supply for AI01 and AI02
xx
SCU
ADCAI_n2
15K220K
0-5V DC
*n2=03, 04, 05
ES1274A offers 8 analog inputs with 12bits resolution.
Voltage input ranges are: 0-5V / 0-36V.
0-5V analog inputs are capable of both resistance and voltage type inputs
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0-36V Analog Inputs
Voltage Input Example:
xx
SCU
ADCAI_n3
100K220K 16K
0-36V DC
*n3=06, 07, 08
Dividing resistors are used for 0-36V analog inputs. AI06, 07, 08 are the three analog input channels that can measure 0-36V input.
0-36V analog voltage inputs have a voltage dividing ratio of ‘(100 + 16) / 16’ as indicated by the picture above.
Select ‘Custom Voltage Ratio’ of ‘Input Type’ in EcoCoder block.
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4.2.3 Frequency Inputs
Example Diagram
2
100k
30K
PWM Input
Frequency Input
SCU
30K
BATT
4.3 Outputs
4.3.1 Low Side Outputs
Example Diagram
This SCU provides 2 digital inputs that could be configured as PWM frequency input channels with pull-up resistors.
The maximum resolution for frequency measurement could be configured to 1Hz.
The measurable frequency range is 20Hz-2kHz.
SPEED 1, 2, could be configured in EcoCoder as digital inputs.
8 channels x 0.25A continuous current, LSO 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08.
2 channels x 3A continuous current, LSO 09, 10.
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LOAD
V
29
SCU
LSO01
LSO Control
Channel Number Diagnostic Method
LSO 01 - 08
– Output shorted to V + – Output shorted to GND – Open circuit – Overload – Over temperature
LSO 09, 10
– Output shorted to V + – Output shorted to GND – Open circuit
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4.3.2 High Side Outputs
All the high side output channels are controllable. By configuring the block ‘PWR12V_DRVP’ from ‘Power Control Output’, users can decide whether to enable all the high side output channels or not.
High Side Outputs Wiring Example
High Side Outputs Driver Diagnostic
Channel Number Diagnostic Method
HSO 01, 02
– Output shorted to V + – Output shorted to GND – Open circuit – Overload – Over temperature
HSO 03, 04 – Output shorted to V + – Output shorted to GND – Open circuit
This SCU provides 4 high side outputs with overcurrent and overvoltage protection. These drivers could be used as Boolean outputs for driving peripheral devices such as relays, pumps, etc.
2 channels (HSO 01 - 02) x 3A continuous.
2 channels (HSO 03 - 04) x 0.8A continuous, and these two channels could be configured as PWM outputs. (20Hz-2kHz)
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4.4 Communication Module
4.4.1 SCU CAN Module Introduction
CAN Node
CANAH
CAN Node
CANH CANLCANH CANL … …
CAN Node
CANH CANL … …
CANBH CANBL
Driver
CAN Node
CANH CANL
120Ω
Driver
CANCH CANCL
PC
CAN Bus CAN Bus
… …
120ΩCANAL
Driver
120Ω
120Ω
CAN Implementation Layers
(1) Driver layer: the data link layer of communication model, including the IO driver and CAN drive
of the microcontroller.
This SCU provides 3 CAN channels– CAN A, CAN B, CAN C, all of the three CAN channels are CAN 2.0B high speed type.
CAN A and CAN C each has a built-in internal 120Ω terminal resistor, while there is no terminal resistor on CAN B.
CAN A supports SCU wake-up function, the SCU will be woken up by messages on the bus. For example, after the SCU goes to sleep, it will be woken up as soon as there are messages on CAN A. This function could be used for situations where SCU need to be turned on for certain applications.
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(2) Abstraction layer: the network layer of communication model. It is responsible for choosing
corresponding IOs, providing CAN channel initialization, CAN sender/receiver interface for the
service layer.
(3) Service layer: the interactive layer of communication model. The implementation of this layer
is based on the interface function provided by the abstraction layer and achieved with the
Simulink model and s-function.
(4) Application layer: with DBC file and customer’s Simulink model, specific CAN communication
setup based on user-defined parameters could be implemented in this layer.
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4.4.2 DBC File Import
The implementation of CAN messages in the application software can utilize the DBC file which
specifies formats and scaling of the CAN messages and signals already. In many cases, the DBC
file is existing and full of CAN signals, and it saves a lot of work for users simply import the DBC
file into the Simulink models, and populate the CAN messages. Ecotrons provides a convenient
way to convert the “.DBC” file to “.M” file and then populate the Simulink models. The procedure
is shown as below:
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4.4.3 CCP Protocol Implementation
CCP service, DAQ definition and storage page configuration are implemented in low level
software; while the station address, DTO ID, CRO ID and other basic parameters can be configured
in the s-function.
Ecotrons SCU supports CCP-based online calibration, the SCU is compatible with EcoCAL, the
Ecotrons in-house calibration software, and other CCP-based calibration software such as INCA.
For more information about our calibration software EcoCAL, please refer to the EcoCAL User’s
Manual.
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4.5 Safety Monitoring Module
In ES1274A, the checker core and the fault collection and control unit (FCCU) in the main
microcontroller NXP MPC5744P, together with the Fail-safe Machine in SBC FS6500, establish a
master-slave architecture to realize the safety monitoring function.
The safety monitoring function could be abstracted as a 3-level structure, as shown in the
picture below.
Level 1: Vehicle control functions, including all vehicle control strategies and fault diagnosis.
Level 2: Monitoring level 1 by a redundancy design, level 2 is independent to the Level 1. If there
is discrepancy between level 2 and the level 1, level 2 will force the critical safety reaction, such
as setting the torque command to ‘Neutral’.
Level 3: Low level monitoring of the software and hardware. CPU0 and CPU1 will constantly cross-
check each other, if the check fails, it will shut of the actuator/outputs, and avoid hazard situations.
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After VCU received the all the inputs, the input data would be sent to both level 1 and level 2
at the same time, level 1 would send the processed results to level 2, those results would be
verified in level 2 and if the verification in level 2 fails, the VCU would cut off the outputs.
The main controller is responsible for level 1 and level 2, plus the memory (RAM) monitoring.
Whatever process being executed by the main controller will be running in the checker core at
the same time and two chips crosscheck each other constantly. When the crosscheck between
the checker core and the main controller indicates a faulty result, the FCCU fault mitigation
strategy will be triggered, and the fault will be reported to SBC chip at the same time, through
FCCU_F[0] and FCCU_F[1], and SBC will cut off the VCU output.
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4.6 Software Architecture
There are two parts of software inside the microcontroller, application software (ASW) and basic software (BSW). BSW is also called “low level software”, and it is preloaded into microcontroller by SCU manufacturer. ASW is usually created by the customer in Simulink environment and programmed to SCU via CAN bus tool EcoFlash.
BSW consist of three sub layers: • Service layer includes system service, memory service and communication service. This layer encapsulates the functions into different services which would be directly called by Simulink blocks in application software. • ECU* abstraction layer encapsulates drivers of microprocessor and peripherals. Software and ECU hardware can be separated. • Microprocessor and peripheral driver layer include drivers of microprocessor and peripherals. Typically, microprocessor includes driver of watchdog, timer, SPI, LIN, CAN, ADC, PWM and Flash. Peripheral includes drivers of HSO, LSO, power management chip and CAN transceiver.
Notice: ECU stands for electronic control unit. SCU is one kind of ECU.
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4.7 Reset
This section is intended to demonstrate how to reset the VCU if it is powered off by accident during flashing procedure/voltage does not conform the operating voltage while flashing. Note: the consequence for the behaviors above is that the PC cannot recognize the VCU via EcoFlash, thus SW can’t be flashed, therefore, users must do the reset process. Solution: 1. Connection Connect SPEED1 (pin 2) to Ground. Connect SPEED2 (pin 41) to Power Supply. 2. Flash Configuration: CRO ID: 100; DTO ID: 101 Choose the correct baud rate (by default 500kbs) During the flashing process, make sure the switch is always on Note: It is highly recommended to flash the demotest SW for bootloader reset.
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Chapter 5 Software Tools
Function Software Feature
Production Code
Generation EcoCoder
Specifically designed Simulink library for Ecotrons
hardware
One-click code generation process
Complete model-based design with lower-level
software encapsulation, and abstraction
Short learning curve
Calibration and
Measurement
EcoCAL
INCA
CANape
For EcoCAL:
Powerful calibration tool
CCP based
Various integrated measurement tools
Data logging and analysis
SCU Programming EcoFlash CAN bus based programming tool
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5.1 Code Generation Tool – EcoCoder
EcoCoder is an enhanced auto code generation library added on top of Simulink’s generic
Embedded Coder.
It is specifically designed for Ecotrons hardware and it links the Simulink models directly to the
target hardware, providing users the capability to generate the production code by ‘ONE CLICK’.
For more details, please refer to the EcoCoder User Manual.
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5.2 Calibration Tool – EcoCal
EcoCAL is a professional calibration tool, developed by Ecotrons. It is specifically designed for
Ecotrons SCUs.
The software is based on the CCP protocol, and uses the CAN bus for data communication with
target hardware. It has various measurement tools integrated for different kinds of signals,
providing user-friendly interfaces. EcoCAL also integrates data logging function, and includes a
data analysis tool.
It parses the standard A2L files, and manages the calibration data in the format of Mot files.
For more details, please refer to EcoCAL User manual.
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5.3 Re-Programming Tool – EcoFlash
EcoFlash is a simple PC based software to program the controller, using CAN bus with a typical
CAN-USB adapter. Ecotrons SCU comes with a typical bootloader pre-programmed. The
programming uses either the CCP based protocols or UDS based.
For more details, please refer to Ecotrons EcoFlash User Manual.
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Appendix: Standard Tests The tables list the standard tests done according to the ISO or SAE standards, by SCU manufacturer or the third party, which is an authorized certification institute. For complete test reports, please email [email protected].
NO Test Description Test Standard
1
Environmental Tests
Waterproof experiment IEC/EN 60529 IP67
2 Anti-dust experiment ISO 16750-3: 2010
3 Salt-fog leakage test ISO 16750-4: 2010
4 Corrosion test ISO 16750-4: 2010
5 Mechanical shock test ISO 16750-3: 2010
6 Drop test ISO 16750-3: 2010
7 Electrical operation at ambient temperature ISO 16750-4: 2010
8 High and low temperature operation test ISO 16750-4: 2010
9 high and low temperature test ISO 16750-4: 2010
10 Thermal cycling with humidity test IEC 60068-2-30
11 Constant temperature and humidity test ISO 16750-4: 2010
12 Vibration test ISO 16750-3: 2010
13 Thermal shock test ISO 16750-4: 2010
14 ESD GMW3097-2015
15
EMC Tests
DC supply voltage ISO 16750-2: 2012
16 Overvoltage ISO 16750-2: 2012
17 Superimposed alternating voltage ISO 16750-2: 2012
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18
EMC Tests
Slow decrease and increase of supply voltage
ISO 16750-2: 2012
19 Discontinuities in supply voltage (Reset behaviors at voltage drop)
ISO 16750-2: 2012
20 Discontinuities in supply voltage (Starting profile)
ISO 16750-2: 2012
21 Reverse Polarity ISO 16750-2: 2012
22 Open circuit tests (Single line interruption) ISO 16750-2: 2012
23 Open circuit tests (Multiple lines interruption)
ISO 16750-2: 2012
24 Short interrupts ISO 16750-2: 2012
25 Withstand voltage ISO 16750-2: 2012
26 Leakage Resistance ISO 16750-2: 2012
27 Voltage Transient Emissions Test ISO 7637-2: 2004
28 Conducted emission test-voltage method CISPR25: 2008
29 Conducted emission test-current probe method
CISPR25: 2008
30 Radiated emission test-ALSE method CISPR25: 2008
31 Signal line transient conducted immunity test
ISO 7637-3: 2007
32 Bulk Current Injection ISO 11452-4: 2011
33 Absorber-lined shielded enclosure ISO 11452-2: 2004
34 Disturbance resistance-magnetic fields ISO 11452-8: 2007